Morphology and morphometric relationships for sagitta otoliths in Lutjanus argentiventris (Pisces: Lutjanidae) and Hyporthodus acanthistius (Pisces: Serranidae) from the Colombian Pacific Ocean

Fish earstones, or otoliths, are inner ear structures that can be studied to determine a fish’s age and are a source of taxonomically informative data. In the present work, sagitta otoliths of the Yellowtail snapper (Lutjanus argentiventris) and the Red grouper (Hyporthodus acanthistius) were collected in the Colombian Pacific, and their key morphological features were studied. Otoliths of the Yellowtail snapper were distinctly concave by their distal surface, revealing features shared with species of its genus (Lutjanus). Red grouper otoliths were elliptic and compressed laterally by their proximal surface, bearing similarities to those of other Serranid species. Morphometric relationships between otolith size weight and whole fish size and weight were also studied. In Red groupers significant statistical morphometric relationships between otolith and body features were found via power regression models; successfully relating otolith length with total fish length, otolith weight with total fish length, otolith length with total fish weight, and otolith weight with total fish weight. No significant morphometric relationships were found for the Yellow snapper data. In both fish species, otolith transversal sections proved best to identify its internal features and to distinguish otolith growth rings, as a method for determining the specimen’s age

Rabdomiosarcoma vaginal embrionario

Introducción: el rabdomiosarcoma es un tumor maligno de tejidos blandos, de origen embrionario, mesenquimatoso, y constituye el 50 % de los sarcomas de tejidos blandos y del 4 al 8% de los tumores sólidos en los niños.  Histológicamente, se asemeja a los músculos estriados del feto. Puede originarse en cabeza, cuello y sistema genitourinario.  En su etiología se incluyen anomalías genéticas y consumo de tóxicos. Hay cuatro subtipos histológicos, embrionario, alveolar, botrioide y pleomorfo; sin embargo, existe complejidad para el diagnóstico de una entidad tan infrecuente como un tumor de origen embrionario en una niña pequeña.   Objetivo: presentar el caso de un sarcoma vaginal sospechado por ecografía, en una niña con genitorragia.   Presentación del caso: el síntoma principal fue el sangrado genital, que presentó la paciente de un año de edad El examen físico inicial, fue negativo, la ecografía inicial detecta a nivel de hipogastrio una imagen ecogénica, redondeada, bastante bien delimitada, irregular, heterogénea, con diámetro mayor de 26 mm, sin calcificaciones, dependiente de genitales internos, se realiza laparotomía exploratoria que corrobora el diagnóstico ecográfico, la evolución fue satisfactoria.   Conclusión: a pesar de su rareza y complejidad, es posible realizar satisfactoriamente el diagnóstico ecográfico de un sarcoma vaginal en una niña pequeña con genitorragia

First visual occurrence data for deep-sea cnidarians in the South-western Colombian Caribbean

Attention to the deep-sea environment has increased dramatically in the last decade due to the rising interest in natural resource exploitation. Although Colombia holds a large submerged territory, knowledge of the seabed and its biodiversity beyond 1,000 m depth is very limited. During 2015–2017, Anadarko Colombia Company (ACC) carried out hydrocarbon exploratory activities in the South-western Colombian Caribbean, at depths between 375 m and 2,565 m. Capitalising on available data resources from these activities, several cnidarian species were observed in ROV and towed camera surveys. We analysed over nine hours of video and 5,066 still images from these surveys, identifying organisms to the lowest possible taxonomic level. The images and associated data presented here correspond to 108 observations of deep-sea cnidarians, including seven new records for the Colombian Caribbean. Given the paucity of research and funding to explore the deep-sea in Colombia, the present dataset comprises the largest deep-sea Cnidaria imagery inventory to date for the Colombian Caribbean

Experiencias en el aula: segundo encuentro de prácticas pedagógicas innovadoras

Experiencias de profesores en su quehacer en los distintos ambientes de aprendizaje presenciales y a distancia.La segunda entrega de Experiencias en el aula es una publicación anual que recoge las ponencias ganadoras presentadas en el Segundo Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras, organizado por el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou, de la Vicerrectoría General Académica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios – UNIMINUTO Todas las ponencias publicadas en la segunda entrega de Experiencias en el aula fueron seleccionadas por evaluadores externos durante la convocatoria al Segundo Encuentro de Prácticas Pedagógicas Innovadoras en el que fueron presentadas; este evento, organizado por el Centro de Excelencia Docente aeiou, y la Vicerrectoría General Académica de la Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios- UNIMINUTO, tuvo lugar los días 9 y 10 de octubre de 2017

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Diversity of small-scale fisheries and fishery agreements from the participatory management perspective in Colombia

16 pages, 3 figures, 4 tablesSmall-scale fisheries in Colombia occur in diverse areas including river basins, estuaries, and coastlines, for both consumption-based and ornamental fisheries, and carried out by mestizo, indigenous and afro-descendant communities. These fisheries are overexploited or approach maximum sustainable yield. Meanwhile, government capacity and policies for fisheries management are weak and many fishing communities have reached a state of poverty. These conditions have generated an increased interest in the implementation of participatory fisheries management by artisanal fishermen, government and other stakeholders. We analyze 36 fisheries agreements established during the last two decades using similarity analysis, nonparametric multidimensional scaling and similarity percentages to distinguish fisheries agreements according to different management measures proposed by fishermen. Fishermen recognized similar problems despite differences in ethnicity. However, fishermen gave different priority to fisheries measures and activities to carry out their specific fisheries agreements, depending on target species. Differences in fisheries agreements were found between consumption-based and ornamental fishing (P<0.05), between river basin and marine fisheries (P<0.05), and among fisheries in lakes, lagoons, and reservoirs (P<0.05). Small-scale fisheries in Colombia share several fisheries conditions, but these all show differences according to the social perspective of each community to solve its specific fisheries problems. Currently, small-scale fisheries in Colombia face important challenges associated with their diversity/heterogeneity, the poor government capacity for fisheries management, the enforcement of participatory management by different stakeholders (mainly NGOs) with different approaches that respond to their own goalsPeer Reviewe

Diseño, cálculo y fabricación de máquina abonadora de fertilizante sólido para Lapi ltda.

En los últimos años se ha optado por competir en un entorno globalizado que actualmente se desarrolla en el mundo, el cual exige que cada día se mejoren los métodos de obtención de materias primas mediante procesos de transformación de las mismas con el fin de llegar a un producto supliendo las necesidades del mercado. Colombia es un país que posee una excelente ubicación geográfica, la cual ofrece diversidad de zonas climáticas, en éstas podemos encontrar una gran variedad de campos óptimos para el desarrollo de todo tipo de cultivos agropecuarios. De acuerdo con el Observatorio de Agrocadenas del Ministerio de Agricultura aunque el comercio exterior de frutas y hortalizas es bajo con respecto a su producción, las nuevas tendencias del consumo mundial, demuestran que las preferencias se dirigen hacia alimentos frescos, sanos que provengan de una producción limpia y de un terreno fértil que posea los nutrientes necesarios que garanticen la conservación del medio ambiente y que tenga un alto contenido de vitaminas, proteínas y fibra. Lo anterior tendría como consecuencia un futuro promisorio para la industria agrícola. Sin embargo, a pesar de que los productos agrícolas colombianos cumplen con todas las propiedades descritas, se ha visto un desempeño lento, difícil y muy fluctuante. Con bajos volúmenes y poca continuidad lo que resulta insuficiente para posicionar el sector agrícola como un exportador fuerte

CATCH COMPOSITION OF THE DEEP SEA SHRIMP FISHERY (Solenocera agassizi Faxon, 1893: FARFANTEPENAEUS CALIFORNIENSIS HOLMES, 1900 AND FARFANTEPENAEUS BREVIROSTRIS KINGSLEY, 1878) IN THE COLOMBIAN PACIFIC OCEAN

The Colombian deep sea shrimp fishery is carried out by vessels with double bottom trawl fishing gear. There is a wide variety in the catch composition species, in which many of them have a wide distribution depth range. Fifty four fish species of 35 families, 11 crustacean species of 11 families, and one mollusk species were identified. Some holothurians, gastropods, echinoderms and other mollusks also appeared occasionally. The joint analysis of the current and former studies determined 85 species in the catch composition of this fishery. The Colombian bottom trawl fishery is actually using the turtle excluder device as the only technical adaptation of the fishing gear to reduce the bycatch turtles, but seems to exclude other big size commercial bycatch. There are some non-commercial bycatch species suitable for human consumption, but they are discarded due to their low price in the market, low abundance or bad aspect for the consumer.<br>La pesca del camarón de aguas profundas se realiza en Colombia utilizando barcos con redes de arrastre de fondo con aparejo doble. Existe una amplia variedad de especies capturadas en la pesquería del camarón de aguas profundas, donde muchas de éstas presentan un amplio rango de distribución batimétrica. Se identificaron 54 especies de peces pertenecientes a 35 familias y 11 especies de crustáceos de 11 familias y una especie de molusco. Otros moluscos, holotúridos y equinodermos aparecen también ocasionalmente en la composición de la captura. El análisis de éste y otros trabajos anteriores determina un total de 85 especies reportadas como parte de la composición de la captura de esta pesquería. La flota pesquera de arrastre del camarón de aguas someras y profundas de Colombia utiliza los dispositivos excluidores de tortugas como única adaptación técnica en el aparejo de pesca, con miras a evitar la aparición de tortugas, los cuales al parecer también excluyen fauna acompañante de gran tamaño. Algunas especies de la fauna acompañante no comercial son comestibles, pero son descartadas dado su bajo precio en el mercado, poca abundancia o aspecto físico no atractivo para el consumidor

New records and update on the geographic distribution of the Bonyeared Assfish, Acanthonus armatus Günther, 1878 (Ophidiidae, Neobythitinae), in the Caribbean region

Acanthonus armatus Günther, 1878 is reported for the first time in the southwestern Caribbean region, off Colombia. Remote Operate Vehicle videos and towed camera still photographs captured 13 images of A. armatus between 2215 and 2564 m. These are the first records of the species in the Caribbean continental coast of Colombia, representing a range extension to the southwestern Caribbean region, since previous records are from the northeastern Caribbean. Some photos of the specimens and the current distribution of the species in the Caribbean region are provided and reviewed