Gintaras Kaupe

Plokštinis kapinynas Kleine Kaup (Mažasis Kaupas), esantis Kaupo vietovės rytinėje dalyje (pietinis Kranzo, dabar Zelenogradskas, pakraštys, šiaurės Semba) buvo atrastas 1865 m. rugpjūčio 3 d. Nedidelės apimties kasinėjimus kapinyne 1932 m. vykdė Karlas Engelis. Iš Berlyno archyvuose išlikusios lakoniškos informacijos apie kasinėjimus aiškėja, kad kapinyne buvo surasti 23 prūsiški dviejų sluoksnių XI–XIII a. datuojami kapai. Atkasant ir valant prastai išlikusius griaučius, kape K52a greta apnykusios ir šaknų apardytos kaukolės rasta skirtingo skersmens gludintų gintaro karolių. Į vakarus nuo kaukolės likučių, prie dešinės apatinio žandikaulio pusės rasti trijų tordiruotų antsmilkinių fragmentai. Viename tokiame fragmente buvo įvertas karolis. Į šiaurės rytus nuo jo rasti dar du vieno karolio fragmentai. Taigi paaiškėjo, kad šiame kape palaidotos moters kaukolę iš kairės ir dešinės pusių puošė po du gludintus karolius. Be to, į dešinę nuo kaukolės buvęs karolis (abu?) įvertas į geležinius antsmilkinius su kabliuku užsegti viename gale

Длинные валы Самбии

Long shafts, known by various sources in Sambia, were not attracting the attention of archaeologists. According to their location, the shafts are divided into: shafts near the extremities of the peninsula, known from archaeological exploration, and shafts in the depth of the land, known only from written sources. It is possible that the shafts were performed not so much by the military as by cult and administrative functions, limiting the extraterritorial nature of the canals and protecting the foreign boats roaming through them from the Prussian tribal territory, the laws of which the merchant-mariners did not obey.KEY WORDS: shaft, Sambia, shaft function, Prussians.doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v23i0.178

БАСМА В ИСКУССТВЕ БАЛТОВ

Among the important components of the decorative art of any people is the technology of making images. One of the forms of this technology is the basic technique (from Türk Baysa – “imprint”), which is one of the forms of realization of the imitation style. Using various forms (including – Baysa-technology) masters of different cultures and peoples sought in their creations imitating / copying works of more complex technology and, accordingly, more expensive. In fact, we are talking about imitation (de facto – about fakes) of affordable means of expensive samples. The review of the development of the Baysa-technique in the art of the Western Balts made it possible to make the ceremonial and status character of the items made in I thousand. AD the base method.KEY WORDS: art of the Balts, Baysa-technique.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v22i0.162

The Amulets of German Merovingian Aristocracy

[full article, abstract in English; abstract in Lithuanian] The amulets referred to in this paper were found mainly in the eastern part of the Frankish tribal lands. There, in the Rhineland, Christianity did not hold as much ground in the 6th and 7th centuries as during later periods. Therefore, members of the Frankish aristocracy (a clear indication of the social strata the owners of the jewelry belonged to are the materials, i.e., precious metals, that the pieces were made of) preferred to rely on tried and tested amulets based on the native religious conventions rather than on Christian imagery (e.g., baptismal crosses)

Куршские фибулы предорденского времени в ареале пруссов

One of the most important indicators of contacts between the specified related westbaltic tribes – finds of those types of brooches which have steady ethno-cultural coloring. As a result of studying of distribution of a row the brooches of Curonians in the earth of pruss was succeeded to establish that degree of the international contacts in the southeast Baltic before arrival of the Award was high. Earlier was considered that has begun Prussian-Curonians contacts treats not earlier than the 12th century. As the brooches of Curonians in a Prussian area shows the analysis, Prussian-Curonians contacts have begun no later than the X century and in the 11th century, after hypothetical destruction by Danes of the settlement of Kaup were rather intensive. This conclusion is confirmed, including, existence on Prussian burial grounds of this time the burials (on a ceremony and on types of things) of Curonians.Key words: Prussian-Curonians contacts, brooches.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v21i0.152

ШТАНГЕНВАЛЬДЕ И КОРАЛЛЕНБЕРГЕ

The major for archeology of southeast Baltic of an era of Vikings are Korallenberge connected among themselves the settlement and Stangenwalde burial ground. These monuments of archeology are located in southwest part of Curonian Spit. The thesis about synchronism and communication among themselves “before - and early Ordertime” time in O. Tishler and other Prussian archeologists of the XIX century of doubt didn’t cause these two monuments. Nowadays this point of view was supported by R. A. Shiroukhov. Got by excavation on Korallenberge settlement the material allows to call into question synchronism of this settlement and a soil burial ground of Stangenwalde. The joint analysis of the finds occurring from these monuments to archeology, allows to assume that the population which has left traces in settlement activity on a platform of the settlement of the X-head of the XII centuries, buried dead on a site of a burial ground of Stangenwalde, while unknown to archeologists.KEY WORDS: Curonian Spit, Shtangenwalde, Korallenberge, era of Vikings, time of Teutonic Order.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v0i15.83

ЗАПАДНОБАЛТСКИЙ ФЕНОМЕН В ЭПОХЕ ВИКИНГОВ

The movement of Vikings not for all regions of our continent was concussion of bases of public life. In Grobiņa and on Kaup Scandinavians didn’t manage to take decisive places in these settlements and their activity proceeded under strict control of local power structures. Westbaltic sacral phenomenon became the absence reason in Grobiņa and Kaup of settlements with the lines typical for the trade and craft settlement of an era of Vikings.KEYWORDS: Baltic, Sambia, Prussians, era of the Vikings.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v17i1.115

Изображения на плакированных серебром железных изделиях пруссов и куршей

The final phase of the Viking Age in the Prussian material culture was marked by the proliferation of media in the retinue of the Prussians and Curonians bronze and iron products, coated (plated) of silver. By the XIV century from the Prussian nobility extends the custom of wearing “knightly” zones, as the Order’s decorated and traditionally Prussian images. Later burials of Christianized Prussians plated items disappear along with the main array of other burial items.KEY WORDS: Prussians, Curonians, Viking Age, hammered ornaments.doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.15181/rh.v20i0.139

Compliance with ecological safety requirements in air transport organizations

The relevance of the article is determined by the fact that air transport in general and the infrastructure of the airports in particular have strong negative impact on the environment. Some factors influencing the solution of this problem are considered in article, including the human factor. The quality management system in civil aviation organizations and the ecological strategy in the organizations of air transport are analysed. The examples of some Russian airports are studied. According to the authors, in addition to special technical measures, it is possible to use the incentive mechanism for employees of the air transport organization to form their responsible attitude to the accomplishment of their functional responsibilities regarding the potential impact on the ecological situation in the region