Major Mammary Pathogens as Contributors to Total Bacterial Counts in Raw Milk

The purpose of this study was to assess the contribution of major mammary pathogens, as well as of coliform and Gram-negative non-coliform bacteria to standard plate counts (SPCs) of bulk tank milk samples (BTMSs). Randomly selected anonymous BTMSs were collected from 268 dairy herds (with approximately 29,000 cows) in the Czech Republic during 2007. The most frequently detected pathogens were found to be E. faecalis (16.1%; geometric mean 9.8 × 102 CFU/ml) and S. uberis (13.6%; 9.0 × 102 CFU/ml). Highly significant positive correlations (P E. faecalis and S. dysgalactiae, as were significant correlations (P S. uberis, E. faecium, and S. aureus. Highly significant positive correlations (P 4 CFU/ml for environmental; 7.4 × 104 CFU/ml for contagious pathogens) exceed significantly (P 4 CFU/ml). This study revealed that the major mammary pathogens contribute significantly to SPCs of BTMSs

Charakterizace složení mikroflóry a zastoupení genů antibiotické rezistence ve výkalech prasat z organických a konvenčních farem čtyř zemí Evropské unie

One of the recent trends in animal production is the re-appearance of organic farming. The interest of wide public in organic farming is affected by interest in animal welfare and lower use of antibiotics in organic than in conventional farming systems. On the other hand, the ambition to provide the animals with a more natural life implies their increased exposure to environmental sources of different microorganisms including pathogens. To address these concerns, we determined the abundance of antibiotic resistance and diversity in fecal microbiota in slaughtered pigs kept under conventional and organic farming systems in Sweden, Denmark, France and Italy. Abundance of sul1, sul2, strA, tet(A), tet(B) and cat antibiotic resistance genes was determined by real time PCR genes in 468 samples and the faecal microbiota diversity was characterised in selected 48 samples by pyrosequencing of V3/V4 regions of 16S rRNA. Unlike expectation, there were no significant differences between the abundance of tested antibiotic resistance genes in microbiota of organic and conventional pigs within the same country. There were also no differences in microbiota composition of organic and conventional pigs. The only significant difference was the difference in the abundance of antibiotic resistance genes in the samples from different countries. Fecal microbiota in the samples originating from southern countries (Italy, France) exhibited significantly higher antibiotic resistance gene abundance than those from northern parts of Europe (Denmark, Sweden). Concerning the antibiotic resistance in fecal microbiota, the effect of geographic location of a herd therefore dominates over its organic or conventional production system status.Jedním z nedávných trendů ve zvířecí produkci je znovuobjevení organického hospodářství. Zájem veřejnosti budí predevším lepší prostřední pro zvířata a méně používaná antibiotika. V této práci se zabýváme analýzou genů antibiotické rezistence ve střevní miktoflóře prasat, jak z organických, tak konvenčních farem

Charakteristika fekální mikroflóry nosnic a brojlerů v drůbežářských velkofarmách v Chorvatsku, České republice, Maďarsku a Slovinsku

Poultry meat is the most common protein source of animal origin for humans. However, intensive breeding of animals in confined spaces has led to poultry colonisation by microbiota with a zoonotic potential or encoding antibiotic resistances. In this study we were therefore interested in the prevalence of selected antibiotic resistance genes and microbiota composition in feces of egg laying hens and broilers originating from 4 different Central European countries determined by real-time PCR and 16S rRNA gene pyrosequencing, respectively. strA gene was present in 1 out of 10,000 bacteria. The prevalence of sul1, sul2 and tet(B) in poultry microbiota was approx. 6 times lower than that of the strA gene. tet(A) and cat were the least prevalent being present in around 3 out of 10,000,000 bacteria forming fecal microbiome. The core chicken fecal microbiota was formed by 26 different families. Rather unexpectedly, representatives of Desulfovibrionaceae and Campylobacteraceae, both capable of hydrogen utilisation in complex microbial communities, belonged among core microbiota families. Understanding the roles of individual population members in the total metabolism of the complex community may allow for interventions which might result in the replacement of Campylobacteraceae with Desulfovibrionaceae and a reduction of Campylobacter colonisation in broilers, carcasses, and consequently poultry meat products.Drůbeží maso je nejčastějším zdrojem bílkovin živočišného původu pro lidi. Nicméně, intenzivní chov zvířat v uzavřených prostorech vedlo k drůbeže kolonizace mikroflóry s původců možných nebo kódující antibiotickou rezistencí. V této studii jsme proto zájem o výskytu vybraných genů rezistence a složení mikroflóry ve výkalech vaječných nosnic a brojlerů pocházejících ze 4 různých zemích střední Evropy stanovených real-time PCR a 16S rRNA genu Pyrosequencing, resp. avohcýv gen byl přítomen v 1 z 10000 bakterií.Prevalence sul1, sul2 a tet (B) v drůbežím mikroflóry je cca. 6 krát nižší než u genu Stra. tet (A) a kočky byly alespoň převládající je přítomen v asi 3 z 10000000 bakterií tvořících fekální mikrobiomem. Jádro kuře fekální mikroflóry byla vytvořena 26 různých rodin. Nečekaně, zástupci Desulfovibrionaceae a Campylobacteraceae, jak dokáže využití vodíku v komplexních mikrobiálních společenstev, patřil mezi klíčové mikroflóry rodiny. Pochopení role jednotlivých členů populace na celkovém metabolismu komplexní komunity mohou povolit zásahy, které by mohly vést k nahrazení Campylobacteraceae s Desulfovibrionaceae a snížení Campylobacter kolonizace u brojlerů, jatečně upravená těla a následně výrobky z drůbežího masa