Educação patrimonial em espaços formais e informais no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS, Brasil

O artigo se propõe a apresentar as experiências educativas relacionadas às atividades do Programa de Educação Patrimonial e Ambiental em espaços formais e informais de educação, vinculado ao projeto de implantação de um complexo eólico de energia, no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS, Brasil. O projeto contemplou o desenvolvimento de atividades no espaço da sala de aula propiciando a interação entre educandos, educadores, comunidade e pesquisadores. Neste ambiente foi trabalhado um embasamento teórico sobre o conceito de Educação Patrimonial, assim como Patrimônio Cultural e Ambiental regional. Os debates acadêmicos sobre os temas demonstraram que a iniciativa é válida, profícua e tem o respaldo e o respeito das instituições oficiais que se dedicam a preservar, conservar e democratizar o uso, desfrute e conhecimento daquilo que é de toda a sociedade, sua identidade patrimonial

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear un derstanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5–7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8–11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world’s most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepre sented in biodiversity databases.13–15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may elim inate pieces of the Amazon’s biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological com munities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple or ganism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region’s vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most ne glected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lostinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Pervasive gaps in Amazonian ecological research

Biodiversity loss is one of the main challenges of our time,1,2 and attempts to address it require a clear understanding of how ecological communities respond to environmental change across time and space.3,4 While the increasing availability of global databases on ecological communities has advanced our knowledge of biodiversity sensitivity to environmental changes,5,6,7 vast areas of the tropics remain understudied.8,9,10,11 In the American tropics, Amazonia stands out as the world's most diverse rainforest and the primary source of Neotropical biodiversity,12 but it remains among the least known forests in America and is often underrepresented in biodiversity databases.13,14,15 To worsen this situation, human-induced modifications16,17 may eliminate pieces of the Amazon's biodiversity puzzle before we can use them to understand how ecological communities are responding. To increase generalization and applicability of biodiversity knowledge,18,19 it is thus crucial to reduce biases in ecological research, particularly in regions projected to face the most pronounced environmental changes. We integrate ecological community metadata of 7,694 sampling sites for multiple organism groups in a machine learning model framework to map the research probability across the Brazilian Amazonia, while identifying the region's vulnerability to environmental change. 15%–18% of the most neglected areas in ecological research are expected to experience severe climate or land use changes by 2050. This means that unless we take immediate action, we will not be able to establish their current status, much less monitor how it is changing and what is being lost

Crescimento e composição química de dez espécies de microalgas marinhas em cultivos estanques Growth and chemical composition of ten species of marine microalgae in batch cultures

Microalgas apresentam diversas aplicações econômicas consagradas, como usos na aquicultura e na indústria de alimentos, havendo buscas por novos usos, como a geração de biomassa para produção de biodiesel. As possíveis aplicações estão diretamente relacionadas à taxa de crescimento e ao perfil químico das espécies. Assim, a seleção de condições que promovam o aproveitamento da biomassa algácea é fundamental para sua utilização econômica. Neste estudo, 10 espécies de microalgas marinhas foram cultivadas e comparadas quanto ao crescimento e à composição química. Foram observadas diferenças na velocidade de crescimento, com espécies de células menores crescendo mais rapidamente que microalgas maiores. Teores de proteínas, carboidratos, lipídeos e pigmentos fotossintetizantes variaram amplamente entre as espécies, sendo as proteínas as substâncias mais abundantes. Todas as espécies apresentaram concentrações de ácidos aminados semelhantes, sendo os ácidos aspártico e glutâmico os mais abundantes. Algumas espécies apresentaram altas concentrações de ácidos graxos de importância econômica, como os ácidos eicosapentaenoico e linoleico. O balanço dos resultados indica que há poucas tendências gerais relacionadas a grandes grupos taxonômicos.Microalgae show several economic applications, such as uses in aquaculture and in food industry, and there is a search for new uses, such as the biomass production to convert into biodiesel. All possible applications are directly linked to growth rate and the chemical profile of the species. Thus, the selection of conditions to promote a better use of algal biomass is fundamental for economic purposes. In this study, 10 species of marine microalgae were cultured and compared for growth and chemical composition. Remarkable differences of growth performance have been observed, with species with small cell volumes growing faster than species with large cell volumes. Levels of protein, carbohydrate, lipid and photosynthetic pigments varied widely, and proteins were identified as the most abundant substances. Some species showed high concentrations of fatty acids of economic importance, such as eicosapentaenoic and linoleic acids. The concentrations of amino acids were similar among species. In all microalgae, glutamic and aspartic acids were the most abundant amino acids. An overall evaluation of the results indicates that few general trends related to the taxonomy of algal groups were recognized

Impact of meningococcal C conjugate vaccination programs with and without catch-up campaigns in adolescents: Lessons learned from Bahia, Brazil

The significant increase in the incidence rates and ongoing outbreaks of serogroup C meningococcal (MenC) disease, associated with the sequence type-103 complex, motivated the incorporation of the meningococcal C conjugate (MCC) vaccine in the routine immunization program in the State of Bahia, Brazil in early 2010, targeting children younger than 5 years of age. In its capital, Salvador, the program also included a catch-up campaign for individuals 10–24 years of age. We performed an observational, ecological study, analyzing data collected from 2007 to 2015, to compare the impact of these two immunization strategies on meningococcal disease incidence and mortality rates. In Salvador, following the vaccination program, a dramatic early impact on MenC disease and mortality rates could be observed, with significant reductions in incidence rates of MenC disease in all age groups, including individuals that were too old to have been vaccinated, indicating the presence of herd protection. Compared to the pre-vaccine period, a virtual disappearance of MenC disease was observed in 2015. However, in the state of Bahia (excluding the city of Salvador), no herd protection could be observed, with significant impact only among vaccine-eligible children within 5 years of introduction of the MCC vaccination program. These results highlight the importance of catch-up campaigns, including adolescents and young adults, to induce herd protection compared to immunization strategies restricted to infants and young children. This information is crucial for identifying optimal immunization policies and future strategies, focused on adolescents, to optimize the impact of MCC vaccination programs

Educação patrimonial em espaços formais e informais no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS, Brasil

This article aims to present the experiences developed in formal and informal educationalspaces of the Patrimonial Education Program, related to the project for the implementation of wind energy complex in the municipality of Santa Vitória do Palmar, Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. The theoretical basis on Patrimonial Education and Regional Cultural Heritage was discussedwith teachers and students of elementary school. The program included activities in the classroom and in informal spaces, involvingteachers andstudents and the community, enabling interaction and the exchange of knowledge between students, teachers, community and researchers involved in the process. The results showedthat the initiative is valid, fruitful and has the support of official institutions that regulate the licensing process for engineering projects, with regard to the preservation, conservation and democratization of the use, enjoyment and knowledge of what belongs to the whole society, its cultural heritageO artigo se propõe a apresentar as experiências educativas relacionadas às atividades do Programa de Educação Patrimonial e Ambiental em espaços formais e informais de educação, vinculado ao projeto de implantação de um complexo eólico de energia, no município de Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS, Brasil. O projeto contemplou o desenvolvimento de atividades no espaço da sala de aula propiciando a interação entre educandos, educadores, comunidade e pesquisadores. Neste ambiente foi trabalhado um embasamento teórico sobre o conceito de Educação Patrimonial, assim como Patrimônio Cultural e Ambiental regional. Os debates acadêmicos sobre os temas demonstraram que a iniciativa é válida, profícua e tem o respaldo e o respeito das instituições oficiais que se dedicam a preservar, conservar e democratizar o uso, desfrute e conhecimento daquilo que é de toda a sociedade, sua identidade patrimonial.El objectivo de este trabajo es presentar las experiencias desarrolladas en espacios formales e informales de educación del Programa de Educación del Patrimonio, vinculado al proyecto para la implementación del complejo de energía eólica en el municipio de Santa Vitória do Palmar, RS, Brasil. La base teórica sobre la educación del patrimonio y el patrimonio cultural regional se trabajó con maestros y estudiantes de la escuela primaria. El programa incluyó actividades en las clases y en espacios informales con maestros y estudiantes y con la comunidad, permitiendo la interacción y el intercambio de conocimientos entre estudiantes, maestros, comunidad e investigadores involucrados en el proceso. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que la iniciativa es válida, fructífera y cuenta con el apoyo de instituciones oficiales que regulan el proceso de concesión de licencias para obras de ingeniería, en lo que respecta a la preservación, conservación y democratización del uso, disfrute y conocimiento de lo que pertenece al conjunto. sociedad, su patrimonio cultural