3,416 research outputs found
Invariant approach to flavour-dependent CP-violating phases in the MSSM
We use a new weak basis invariant approach to classify all the observable
phases in any extension of the Standard Model (SM). We apply this formalism to
determine the invariant CP phases in a simplified version of the Minimal
Supersymmetric SM with only three non-trivial flavour structures. We propose
four experimental measures to fix completely all the observable phases in the
model. After these phases have been determined from experiment, we are able to
make predictions on any other CP-violating observable in the theory, much in
the same way as in the Standard Model all CP-violation observables are
proportional to the Jarlskog invariant.Comment: 25 pages, 12 figure
EAGLE ISS - A modular twin-channel integral-field near-IR spectrograph
The ISS (Integral-field Spectrograph System) has been designed as part of the
EAGLE Phase A Instrument Study for the E-ELT. It consists of two input channels
of 1.65x1.65 arcsec field-of-view, each reconfigured spatially by an
image-slicing integral-field unit to feed a single near-IR spectrograph using
cryogenic volume-phase-holographic (VPH) gratings to disperse the image
spectrally. A 4k x 4k array detector array records the dispersed images. The
optical design employs anamorphic magnification, image slicing, VPH gratings
scanned with a novel cryo-mechanism and a three-lens camera. The mechanical
implementation features IFU optics in Zerodur, a modular bench structure and a
number of high-precision cryo-mechanisms.Comment: 12 pages, to be published in Proc SPIE 7735: Ground-based & Airborne
Instrumentation for Astronomy II
Cold Positrons from Decaying Dark Matter
Many models of dark matter contain more than one new particle beyond those in
the Standard Model. Often heavier particles decay into the lightest dark matter
particle as the Universe evolves. Here we explore the possibilities that arise
if one of the products in a (Heavy Particle) (Dark Matter) decay
is a positron, and the lifetime is shorter than the age of the Universe. The
positrons cool down by scattering off the cosmic microwave background and
eventually annihilate when they fall into Galactic potential wells. The
resulting 511 keV flux not only places constraints on this class of models but
might even be consistent with that observed by the INTEGRAL satellite.Comment: 20 pages, 7 figure
Magnetic hysteresis in the Cu-Al-Mn intermetallic alloy: experiments and modeling
We study isothermal magnetization processes in the Cu-Al-Mn intermetallic
alloy. Hysteresis is observed at temperatures below the spin-freezing of the
system. The characteristics of the hysteresis cycles as a function of
temperature and Mn content (magnetic element) are obtained. At low temperature
(5 K) a change from smooth to sharp cycles is observed with increasing Mn
content, which is related to the decrease of configurational disorder. We also
study a zero-temperature site-diluted Ising model, suitable for the description
of this Cu-Al-Mn system. The model reproduces the main features of the
hysteresis loops observed experimentally. It exhibits a disorder-induced
critical line separating a disordered phase from an incipient ferromagnetic
ground-state. The comparison between the model and the experiments allows to
conclude that the observed change in the experimental hysteresis loops can be
understood within the framework of the theory of disorder-induced criticality
in fluctuationless first-order phase transitions.Comment: 30 pages, 15 eps figures, 2 tables. To appear Phys. Rev. B 59 (June
1999
Magnetic hysteresis in the Cu-Al-Mn intermetallic alloy: experiments and modeling
We study isothermal magnetization processes in the Cu-Al-Mn intermetallic
alloy. Hysteresis is observed at temperatures below the spin-freezing of the
system. The characteristics of the hysteresis cycles as a function of
temperature and Mn content (magnetic element) are obtained. At low temperature
(5 K) a change from smooth to sharp cycles is observed with increasing Mn
content, which is related to the decrease of configurational disorder. We also
study a zero-temperature site-diluted Ising model, suitable for the description
of this Cu-Al-Mn system. The model reproduces the main features of the
hysteresis loops observed experimentally. It exhibits a disorder-induced
critical line separating a disordered phase from an incipient ferromagnetic
ground-state. The comparison between the model and the experiments allows to
conclude that the observed change in the experimental hysteresis loops can be
understood within the framework of the theory of disorder-induced criticality
in fluctuationless first-order phase transitions.Comment: 30 pages, 15 eps figures, 2 tables. To appear Phys. Rev. B 59 (June
1999
Estudio experimental en el perro acerca de los efectos nocivos de los ultrasonidos sobre la vitalidad pulpar
On the athermal character of structural phase transitions
The significance of thermal fluctuations on nucleation in structural
first-order phase transitions has been examined. The prototype case of
martensitic transitions has been experimentally investigated by means of
acoustic emission techniques. We propose a model based on the mean
first-passage time to account for the experimental observations. Our study
provides a unified framework to establish the conditions for isothermal and
athermal transitions to be observed.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, accepted in Phys. Rev. Let
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