T- Force o Test de Squat Jump. ¿Cuál es la mejor forma de evaluar la potencia máxima en futbolistas profesionales?

In high-performance sport it is important to carry out a control to athletes, which must start from the evaluation of physical abilities every certain period of time; for this you should choose  the appropriate tests and instruments  considering the gesture and driving pattern of each discipline, as well as the characteristics of each subject. The  objective of this research was based on the comparison of two measuring instruments  validated in the strength analysis:  T-Force® in which the squat and Optogait® test was carried out with the Squat Jump Protocol (SJ) to evaluate maximum power in professional footballers of two football teams in the city of  Bogotá. Descriptive study, correlated scope of cross-sectional type. It was attended by 38 male athletes, who performed the SJ tests on Optogait and squat test in T-Force; for the processing and analysis of the data a T test was performed for related samples. Significant differences were found between the results of both tests, where the maximum power obtained was higher with T-Force test, but the deviation of the data was lower in the case of the Optogait. According to the results, sand determined that the best method for measuring maximum power in footballers is the T-Force.En el deporte de alto rendimiento es importante llevar a cabo un control a los deportistas, el cual debe partir de la evaluación de las capacidades físicas cada cierto periodo de tiempo; para esto se deben escoger las pruebas e instrumentos adecuados considerando el gesto y patrón motriz de cada disciplina, así como las características propias de cada sujeto. El objetivo de la presente investigación se basó en la comparación de dos instrumentos de medición validados en el análisis de la fuerza: T-Force® en el cual se realizó el test de sentadilla y Optogait® con el protocolo de Squat Jump (SJ), para evaluar potencia máxima en futbolistas profesionales de dos equipos de futbol de la ciudad de Bogotá. Estudio descriptivo, de alcance correlacional de tipo transversal. Se contó con la participación de 38 deportistas de género masculino, quienes realizaron las pruebas de SJ en Optogait y test de sentadilla en T-Force; para el procesamiento y análisis de los datos se realizó una prueba T para muestras relacionadas. Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre los resultados de ambas pruebas, donde la potencia máxima obtenida fue más alta con el test de T-Force, pero la desviación de los datos fue menor en el caso del Optogait. De acuerdo con los resultados, se determinó que el mejor método para la medición de la potencia máxima en futbolistas es el T-Force

Model-based geostatistical mapping of the prevalence of onchocerca volvulus in West Africa.

Background: The initial endemicity (pre-control prevalence) of onchocerciasis has been shown to be an important determinant of the feasibility of elimination by mass ivermectin distribution. We present the first geostatistical map of microfilarial prevalence in the former Onchocerciasis Control Programme in West Africa (OCP) before commencement of antivectorial and antiparasitic interventions. Methods and Findings: Pre-control microfilarial prevalence data from 737 villages across the 11 constituent countries in the OCP epidemiological database were used as ground-truth data. These 737 data points, plus a set of statistically selected environmental covariates, were used in a Bayesian model-based geostatistical (B-MBG) approach to generate a continuous surface (at pixel resolution of 5 km x 5km) of microfilarial prevalence in West Africa prior to the commencement of the OCP. Uncertainty in model predictions was measured using a suite of validation statistics, performed on bootstrap samples of held-out validation data. The mean Pearson’s correlation between observed and estimated prevalence at validation locations was 0.693; the mean prediction error (average difference between observed and estimated values) was 0.77%, and the mean absolute prediction error (average magnitude of difference between observed and estimated values) was 12.2%. Within OCP boundaries, 17.8 million people were deemed to have been at risk, 7.55 million to have been infected, and mean microfilarial prevalence to have been 45% (range: 2–90%) in 1975. Conclusions and Significance: This is the first map of initial onchocerciasis prevalence in West Africa using B-MBG. Important environmental predictors of infection prevalence were identified and used in a model out-performing those without spatial random effects or environmental covariates. Results may be compared with recent epidemiological mapping efforts to find areas of persisting transmission. These methods may be extended to areas where data are sparse, and may be used to help inform the feasibility of elimination with current and novel tools

A922 Sequential measurement of 1 hour creatinine clearance (1-CRCL) in critically ill patients at risk of acute kidney injury (AKI)

Meeting abstrac

Implications of new research and technologies for malolactic fermentation in wine

The initial conversion of grape must to wine is an alcoholic fermentation (AF) largely carried out by one or more strains of yeast, typically Saccharomyces cerevisiae. After the AF, a secondary or malolactic fermentation (MLF) which is carried out by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is often undertaken. The MLF involves the bioconversion of malic acid to lactic acid and carbon dioxide. The ability to metabolise L-malic acid is strain specific, and both individual Oenococcus oeni strains and other LAB strains vary in their ability to efficiently carry out MLF. Aside from impacts on acidity, LAB can also metabolise other precursors present in wine during fermentation and, therefore, alter the chemical composition of the wine resulting in an increased complexity of wine aroma and flavour. Recent research has focused on three main areas: enzymatic changes during MLF, safety of the final product and mechanisms of stress resistance. This review summarises the latest research and technological advances in the rapidly evolving study of MLF and investigates the directions that future research may take.Krista M. Sumby, Paul R. Grbin, Vladimir Jirane