Controle biologico do nematoide-das-galhas com bacteria Pasteuria penetrans.

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Approach to a rational rotation number in a piecewise isometric system

We study a parametric family of piecewise rotations of the torus, in the limit in which the rotation number approaches the rational value 1/4. There is a region of positive measure where the discontinuity set becomes dense in the limit; we prove that in this region the area occupied by stable periodic orbits remains positive. The main device is the construction of an induced map on a domain with vanishing measure; this map is the product of two involutions, and each involution preserves all its atoms. Dynamically, the composition of these involutions represents linking together two sector maps; this dynamical system features an orderly array of stable periodic orbits having a smooth parameter dependence, plus irregular contributions which become negligible in the limit.Comment: LaTeX, 57 pages with 13 figure

Cauchy distributions for the integrable standard map

We consider the integrable (zero perturbation) two--dimensional standard map, in light of current developments on ergodic sums of irrational rotations, and recent numerical evidence that it might possess non-trivial q-Gaussian statistics. Using both classical and recent results, we show that the phase average of the sum of centered positions of an orbit, for long times and after normalization, obeys the Cauchy distribution (a q-Gaussian with q=2), while for almost all individual orbits such a sum does not obey any distribution at all. We discuss the question of existence of distributions for KAM tori.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figure

Geographic distribution of suitable hosts explains the evolution of specialized gentes in the European cuckoo Cuculus canorus

Background Several types of selective forces can act to promote parasite specialization. Parasites might specialize on some suitable hosts at the cost of decreasing effectiveness when exploiting other species of hosts, and specialization can be more easily selected for in hosts that the parasites will easily find. Thus demographic characteristics of suitable hosts such as population density and its spatial consistency could be key factors predicting probability of parasite specialization and speciation. Here, we explore this hypothesis by studying the relationship between occurence of specialized races of the European cuckoo (Cuculus canorus) (i.e. gentes) and mean and coefficient of variation in population density estimated for 12 different European regions. Results The results were in accordance with the hypothesis because specialized cuckoo egg morphs were more common in suitable hosts with high population density and low variation in population density at the level of host species or genera. Conclusion We have presented evidence suggesting that population density and homogeneity of geographic distribution of hosts explain, at least partly, the evolution of specialized egg-morphs of the European cuckoo. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that resource (i.e., host) predictability explains the evolution of host races and species of parasites.The study received financial support from project CGL2007-61251/BOS – FEDER to JJS and APM and Junta de Andalucía grants to research groups RNM 340 (JJS) and RNM 341 (MMV)

Corrección de consolidación viciosa diafisaria de fémur: osteotomía en caparazón. A propósito de dos casos.

La adecuada alineación del miembro inferior es esencial para el adecuado reparto de cargas que permita una deambulación sin alteraciones. Por lo que a la hora del tratamiento de fracturas de huesos largos del miembro inferior, fundamentalmente fémur y tibia, habrá que evitar cualquier deformidad angular que a medio plazo provoque fenómenos degenerativos en las articulaciones adyacentes. Se presentan dos casos clínicos complejos, en los que se corrigieron sendas consolidaciones viciosas de fracturas diafisarias de fémur satisfactoriamente, mediante osteotomía tipo caparazón o clamshellThe lower limb alignment is essential to share correctly the bearing weight of the body to allow a suitable gait. We should take it into account when treating femoral and tibial diaphyseal fractures, in order to avoid angular deformities which could lead to degenerative changes in adjacent joints. We report two complex cases, with femoral shaft malunions corrected satisfactorily by using a clamshell osteotom

Comparação entre métodos de análise espacial de experimentos de campo.

Foi desenvolvido um estudo sobre alguns metodos de análise espacial de experimentos de campo, ern que o número de tratamentos (linhagens) 6 elevado. Os metodos selecionados para o estudo foram o de Papadakis, o de médias moveis e o de blocos moveis. A compararão entre os três metodos baseou-se na análise de experimento uniforme simulado, com parâmetros conhecidos; foram estabelecidas tendências lineares e cíclicas aos dados do experimento e 600 configuraq6es foram analisadas pelos tres metodos e pelo usual. Atraves dos valores médios de algumas, estatísticas relevantes, foi avaliado o desempenho dos métodos corn respeito A diminuindo do erro experimental e A diferença entre tratamentos. Os resultados mostraram que o metodo de Papaclakis foi o mais eficiente na redução do erro experimental, na presença de tendencia linear forte; em outras situacoes, o metodo de Papadakis apresentou, no minimo, urna eficiência semelhante A dos demais metodos. Na presença de tendencias lineares fraca e cíclica, os metodos de medias moveis e blocos moveis produziram estimativas do erro experimental muito abaixo do erro real.Título em inglês: Comparison between methods of spatial analysis of field experiments

Synthesis of Subject-Specific Human Balance Responses using a Task-Level Neuromuscular Control Platform

Many activities of daily living require a high level of neuromuscular coordination and balance control to avoid falls. Complex musculoskeletal models paired with detailed neuromuscular simulations complement experimental studies and uncover principles of coordinated and uncoordinated movements. Here, we created a closed-loop forward dynamic simulation framework that utilizes a detailed musculoskeletal model (19 degrees of freedom, and 92 Muscles) to synthesize human balance responses after support-surface perturbation. In addition, surrogate response models of task-level experimental kinematics from two healthy subjects were provided as inputs to our closedloop simulations to inform the design of the task-level controller. The predicted muscle EMGs and the resulting synthesized subject joint angles showed good conformity with the average of experimental trials. The simulated whole-body center of mass displacements, generated from a single kinematics trial per perturbation direction, were on average, within 7 mm (anterior perturbations) and 13 mm (posterior perturbations) of experimental displacements. Our results confirmed how a complex subject-specific movement can be reconstructed by sequencing and prioritizing multiple task-level commands to achieve desired movements. By combining the multidisciplinary approaches of robotics and biomechanics, the platform demonstrated here offers great potential for studying human movement control and subject-specific outcome prediction

Recomendação de adubação para aveia, em dois sistemas de plantio, em Latossolo Vermelho distrófico típico.

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