Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais: Passifloraceae

Este estudo é parte do projeto “Flora da Serra do Cipó, Minas Gerais”. Na área, as Annonaceae são representadas por Passiflora alata, P. cincinnata, P. clathrata, P. haematostigma, P. hypoglauca, P. miersii, P. misera, P. pohlii, P. porophylla, P. speciosa e P. villosa. São apresentados chaves para gêneros e espécies, descrições, ilustrações e comentários sobre distribuição geográfica, fenologia e variabilidade das espécie

Flora de Grão-Mogol, Minas Gerais: Cyperaceae

Plantas herbáceas, perenes ou anuais. Escapo cilíndrico ou trígono. Folhas formando rosetas, lígulas ausentes. Inflorescência agrupamento de 1 a 5 espigas, compostas por muitas espiguetas espiraladamente dispostas; brácteas involucrais presentes; brácteas subtendendo as espiguetas reduzidas e semelhantes à glumas. Espiguetas 1-flora, glumas utriculiformes ou tubulares, margens livres ou conadas adaxialmente, frequentemente envolvendo a flor. Flores bissexuadas; estames 1-3 ou 5; estigmas 2,3(5). Aquênio subtrígono ou lenticular, geralmente envolvido pela gluma fértil

Diversity of cyperaceae in Brazil

The purpose of this catalogue was to combine the available data from publications, theses, databases, and herbarium specimens from around 120 Herbaria, and colections sampled in Brazilian vegetation during the last 15 years to produce the most complete list, as possible as, of Cyperaceae species for Brazil. We catalogued ca. 1,700 names for 678 species in 42 genera occurring in Brazil. These values represent ca. 15 percent of the species and 40 percent of the genera found in the world. Both subfamilies of Cyperaceae are found in Brazil with Cyperoideae being the most diverse at both generic and specific levels. Although lower species were recorded for the tribes Cryptangieae, Sclerieae, and Trilepideae, these tribes represent a much higher percentage of the world’s totals for genera and species. The most diverse genera are Rhynchospora (157 spp.), Cyperus (101 spp.), Scleria (82 spp.) and Eleocharis (69 spp.). Fifteen genera have one species in Brazil, although five of them are monospecific. The most species-rich regions in Brazil are the North and Southeast. There are no genera endemic to Brazil. There are, however, around 200 endemic species, of which 40 are in the genus Rhynchospora. Taxonomic and nomenclatural problems found are pointed under the species. For each catalogued species, the principal synonyms, bibliographic references, distribution within Brazil’s five regions, vegetation type, and citation of selected material examined are provided

Taxonomic revision, morphological and byosystematic studies cryptangium schrad, ex Nees e Lagenocarpus Nees (Cyperaceae: cryptangieae)

Orientador: George John ShepherdTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de BiologiaResumo: Este trabalho constitui-se de três capítulos relacionados à taxonomia e a morfologia dos gêneros Cryptangium Schrad. ex Nees e Lagenocarpus Nees (Cyperaceae: Cryptangieae). Ambos os gêneros apresentam distribuição exclusivament neotropical. O Capítulo 1 referente à anatomia e morfologia dos frutos, elaborado com base em estudo de microscopia óptica e eletrônica de varredura, mostrou que nos gêneros em estudo a chamada "frutificação" é, na verdade, um aquênio do tipo comumente encontrado em Cyperaceae. O estudo dos frutos revelou características morfoanatômicas importantes para o reestabelecimento de Cryptangium e a delimitação de ambos os gêneros, além de importantes caracteres utlizados na delimitação específica. No Capítulo 2 foram examinadas populações naturais de Lagenocarpus rigidus e L. tenuifolius, de difícil delimitação, bem como os morfotipos intra-específicos, definidos pela coloração das lâminas foliares e brácteas. A análise morfométrica de 133 indivíduos em 17 populações de ambas espécies mostrou que estas são distintas entre si, e que os morfotipos intra-específicos existentes, facilmente distinguíveis na natureza, apresentam correlações morfológicas e anatômicas, reveladas também por estudo anatômico de lâminas foliares. Ainda neste capítulo, é mostrado um estudo fenológico, realizado na Serra do Cipó em Minas Gerais, que se extendeu por 14 meses e envolveu 240 indivíduos de 24 populações. Tal estudo revelou, entre outras coisas, que os morfotipos intra-específicos de L. rigidus apresentam, entre si, uma clara distinção nos padrões de floração e frutificação O estudo taxonômico no Capítulo 3 foi feito com base em material examinado em 39 herbários, coletas em campo e acompanhamento de populações naturais. No trabalho são aceitos como distintos os gêneros Cryptangium e Lagenocarpus, com base em dados apresentados no Capítulos 1 e em dados apresentados no próprio Capítulo 3. Foram aceitas a existência de 14 espécies, sendo duas novas para a ciência, e duas subespécies de Cryptangium e 12 espécies e duas subespécies de Lagenocarpus. Todas as espécies foram descritas, ilustradas e comentadas, além de serem apresentados mapas de distribuição geográfica das mesmasAbstract: This study is composed of three chapters related to the morphology and the taxonomy of Cryptangium Schrad. ex Nees and Lagenocarpus Nees (Cyperaceae: Cryptangieae). In Chapter 1 a study carried out using optical and scanning microscopy revealed that the so called "fructification" is in fact a typical achene characteristic for the family. The study showed important morphoanatomical features for the re-establishment of Cryptangium and for species delimitation. In Chapter 2 we examined natural populations of Lagenocarpus rigidus and L. tenuifolius and as well their infraspecific morphotypes which were defined by leaf and bract coloration. A morphometric study using 133 plants from 17 populations showed that the two species are distinct and the morphotypes are correlated to morphological and anatomical features. This chapter also presents a phenological study using 240 plants from 24 populations carried out in the Serra do Cipó region in Minas Gerais state. The phenological study showed clear differences in the seasonal patterns of flowering and fruiting between the infraspecific morphotypes of L. rigidus. For the taxonomic study in Chapter 3 material from 39 herbaria and collected in the field by the author was examined. The genus Cryptangium Schrad. ex Nees and Lagenocarpus Nees are accepted as distinct based on data presented in chapters 1 and 3. For Cryptangium 14 species including two ones and two subespecies are accepted. For Lagenocarpus 12 species and two subsepecies are accepted. Descriptions, illustrations and comments were presented, as well maps on the geographic distribution of the speciesDoutoradoBiologia VegetalDoutor em Biologia Vegeta

Brazilian Flora 2020: Leveraging the power of a collaborative scientific network

International audienceThe shortage of reliable primary taxonomic data limits the description of biological taxa and the understanding of biodiversity patterns and processes, complicating biogeographical, ecological, and evolutionary studies. This deficit creates a significant taxonomic impediment to biodiversity research and conservation planning. The taxonomic impediment and the biodiversity crisis are widely recognized, highlighting the urgent need for reliable taxonomic data. Over the past decade, numerous countries worldwide have devoted considerable effort to Target 1 of the Global Strategy for Plant Conservation (GSPC), which called for the preparation of a working list of all known plant species by 2010 and an online world Flora by 2020. Brazil is a megadiverse country, home to more of the world's known plant species than any other country. Despite that, Flora Brasiliensis, concluded in 1906, was the last comprehensive treatment of the Brazilian flora. The lack of accurate estimates of the number of species of algae, fungi, and plants occurring in Brazil contributes to the prevailing taxonomic impediment and delays progress towards the GSPC targets. Over the past 12 years, a legion of taxonomists motivated to meet Target 1 of the GSPC, worked together to gather and integrate knowledge on the algal, plant, and fungal diversity of Brazil. Overall, a team of about 980 taxonomists joined efforts in a highly collaborative project that used cybertaxonomy to prepare an updated Flora of Brazil, showing the power of scientific collaboration to reach ambitious goals. This paper presents an overview of the Brazilian Flora 2020 and provides taxonomic and spatial updates on the algae, fungi, and plants found in one of the world's most biodiverse countries. We further identify collection gaps and summarize future goals that extend beyond 2020. Our results show that Brazil is home to 46,975 native species of algae, fungi, and plants, of which 19,669 are endemic to the country. The data compiled to date suggests that the Atlantic Rainforest might be the most diverse Brazilian domain for all plant groups except gymnosperms, which are most diverse in the Amazon. However, scientific knowledge of Brazilian diversity is still unequally distributed, with the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado being the most intensively sampled and studied biomes in the country. In times of “scientific reductionism”, with botanical and mycological sciences suffering pervasive depreciation in recent decades, the first online Flora of Brazil 2020 significantly enhanced the quality and quantity of taxonomic data available for algae, fungi, and plants from Brazil. This project also made all the information freely available online, providing a firm foundation for future research and for the management, conservation, and sustainable use of the Brazilian funga and flora