Role of the microbiome in human development.

The host-microbiome supraorganism appears to have coevolved and the unperturbed microbial component of the dyad renders host health sustainable. This coevolution has likely shaped evolving phenotypes in all life forms on this predominantly microbial planet. The microbiota seems to exert effects on the next generation from gestation, via maternal microbiota and immune responses. The microbiota ecosystems develop, restricted to their epithelial niches by the host immune system, concomitantly with the host chronological development, providing early modulation of physiological host development and functions for nutrition, immunity and resistance to pathogens at all ages. Here, we review the role of the microbiome in human development, including evolutionary considerations, and the maternal/fetal relationships, contributions to nutrition and growth. We also discuss what constitutes a healthy microbiota, how antimicrobial modern practices are impacting the human microbiota, the associations between microbiota perturbations, host responses and diseases rocketing in urban societies and potential for future restoration

Experimental study of the binding energy of NH3 on different types of ice and its impact on the snow line of NH3 and H2O

N-bearing molecules (like N2H+ or NH3) are excellent tracers of high-density, low-temperature regions like dense cloud cores and could shed light into snowlines in protoplanetary disks and the chemical evolution of comets. However, uncertainties exist about the grain surface chemistry of these molecules -- which could play an important role in their formation and evolution. This study explores experimentally the behaviour of NH$_3$ on surfaces mimicking grains under interstellar conditions alongside other major interstellar ice components (ie. H$_2$O, CO, CO$_2$). We performed co-deposition experiments using the Ultra High Vacuum (UHV) setup VENUS (VErs des NoUvelles Syntheses) of NH$_3$ along with other adsorbates (here, H$_2$O, $^{13}$CO and CO$_2$) and performed Temperature Programmed Desorption (TPD) and Temperature Programmed-During Exposure Desorption (TP-DED) experiments. We obtained binding Energy (BE) distribution of NH$_3$ on Crystalline Ice(CI) and compact-Amorphous Solid Water (c-ASW) by analyses of the TPD profiles of NH3 on the substrates. We observe a significant delay in the desorption and a decrease in the desorption rate of NH$_3$ when H$_2$O is introduced into the co-deposited mixture of NH$_3$-$^{13}$Co or NH$_3$-CO$_2$, absent without H$_2$O. Secondly, H$_2$O traps nearly 5-9 per cent of the co-deposited NH3, released during water's amorphous-to-crystalline phase change. Thirdly, for CI, we obtained a BE distribution between 3780K-4080K, and c-ASW between 3780K-5280K -- using a pre-exponential factor A = 1.94$\times 10^{15}$/s. We conclude that NH$_3$ behaviour is significantly influenced by the presence of H$_2$O due to the formation of hydrogen bonds, in line with quantum calculations. This interaction preserves NH$_3$ on grain surfaces to higher temperatures making it available to the central protostar in protoplanetary disks. It also explains why NH$_3$ freeze out in pre-stellar cores is efficient

Corporate brand identity in higher education: a relational perspective

Identity is traditionally defined as an emission concept (Kapferer, 2008). Yet, some research points out that there are external factors that that can influence it (Kennedy, 1975; Markwick e Fill, 1997; Balmer e Gray, 2000). This subject is even more interesting if one considers corporate brands. According to Aaker (2004) the number, the power and the credibility of corporate associations are bigger in the case corporate brands. Literature recognizes the influence of relationships between companies in identity management (Hakansson and Snehota, 1989, 1995; Hakansson and Ford, 2002). Yet, given the increasingly important role of corporate brands, it is surprising that to date no attempt to evaluate that influence has been made in corporate brand´s identity management and reputation. Also Keller and Lehman (2006) highlight relationships and costumer experience as two areas requiring more investigation. The authors argue that corporate brand´s identity can be developed under a relational perspective using relationships with other recognised brands in order to generate positive reputations in stakeholders. Based in relationship and corporate brand identity management, a framework is developed to identify how corporate brands select, develop and invest in relationships with other brands. The context of the proposed relationship concept is the services area (Dwyer et al, 1987; Moorman et al, 1992; Rauyruen et al, 2005 and Hennig-Thurau and Klee, 1997). An empirical qualitative research is designed using two reputational technological higher education institutions (two corporate brands) acting in Portuguese public higher education market.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Por que o trabalhador livre nacional não foi aproveitado durante a escravidão? Notas sobre a história do trabalho

On the basis of data about the Province of São Paulo in the period from de 1864 to 1888, the article discusses, in a preliminary way, reasons for the non-utilization of national free workers on a large scale during the slavery period, even after the cessation of the transatlantic traffic of Africans to Brazil. Key words: national free worker, slavery, slave, civilization, colonization, politics, economy, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Empire.A partir de dados sobre a Província de São Paulo no período de 1864 até 1888, pretendemos, de forma preliminar, encaminhar respostas do porquê da não utilização em grande escala do trabalhador livre nacional durante a escravidão, mesmo depois da cessação do tráfico transatlântico de africanos para o Brasil. Palavras-chave: trabalhador livre nacional, escravidão, escravo, civilização, colonização, política, economia, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Império

Suspended particulate matter distribution and composition on the northern Portuguese margin

On the North Atlantic continental margins, the Portuguese continental shelf has a singular morphology and hydrology. These characteristics are reflected in the sedimentary processes that occur on the continental shelf and in deeper areas. The main objective of the present paper is to review the nature, spatial distribution and dynamics of suspended particulate matter (SPM) on the continental shelf north of 41° N, in winter conditions. The data were collected during the Corrente da Vertente (CORVET) cruise sponsored by the Portuguese Hydrographic Institute in November 1996. During the cruise, hydrographic data (conductivity, temperature, and nephelometry) were obtained along transepts perpendicular to bathymetric contours. At most of these stations, suspended sediment samples were also collected from near-bottom turbid water (the bottom nepheloid layer, BNL) and from the surface turbid water (-5 m). SPM over the shelf consists of inorganic particles, skeletal biogenic particles and organic debris. Inorganic matter is dominated ( 60 %) by fine silt particles ( 15 μm) in the inner shelf near river mouths, although in the middle-to-outer shelf biogenic debris prevails in coarser particles (greater than 28 μm). Currents and waves induce resuspension events, which are clearly shown by concentration fluctuations in the BNL. These events are greatly intensified during storms. The nephelometrical distribution near the bottom can reflect this events with a rise of the values in the middle shelf far away from the river inputs. Near the continental slope, the BNL nourish the intermediate nepheloid layer (INL). The nourishment increases during storm events, showing the importance of these events to the transport of particles to deeper areas.La plataforma continental portuguesa, situada en el ámbito más vasto del margen continental del Atlántico norte, puede ser considerada como única a causa de sus características morfológicas e hidrológicas. Estas características se reflejan en los procesos sedimentarios que ocurren tanto en la plataforma continental como en las áreas más profundas. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es caracterizar el tipo, la distribución espacial y la dinámica de la materia particulada en suspensión de la plataforma continental situada al norte de 41° N, en condiciones invernales. Los datos fueron obtenidos en el mes de noviembre de 1996 durante la misión CORVET (Corrente da Vertente) promovida por el Instituto Hidrográfico de la Marina Portuguesa, según secciones perpendiculares a la costa. Las muestras de materia en suspensión fueron obtenidas a 5 m de la superficie y en cercanía del fondo. El análisis de las muestras indica que la materia particulada en suspensión de la plataforma continental está constituida esencialmente por partículas terrígenas, bioclastos siliciosos y calcáreos, así como de otros detritos orgánicos. Cerca de la desembocadura de los ríos, más del 60 % de la materia terrígena está compuesta de partículas finas ( 15 μm); en cambio, en el resto de la plataforma los bioclastos son dominantes y presentan, generalmente, dimensiones superiores ( 28 μm). Las corrientes y las olas inducen periodos de resuspensión de las partículas sedimentarias más finas localizadas en la plataforma media. Este fenómeno, ilustrado por las variaciones de concentración de la capa nefeloide de fondo, es particularmente intenso durante las tormentas, alimentando entonces una capa nefeloide intermediaria que circula cerca del borde de la plataforma. Los valores observados muestran la importancia de los periodos energéticos en el traslado de las partículas de la plataforma continental hacia los sectores más profundos.Instituto Español de Oceanografí

Abordagem computacional para a identificação de elementos cis-regulatórios no genoma da soja.

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Case Report: Pure Red Cell Aplasia due to Angioimmunoblastic T-Cell Lymphoma.

Pure red cell aplasia (PRCA) is a rare bone marrow failure characterized by a progressive normocytic anemia and reticulocytopenia without leukopenia and thrombocytopenia. It can be associated with various hematological disorders but exceedingly rarely with angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). We report the case of a 72-year-old woman with PRCA associated with AITL. The patient presented with severe anemia (hemoglobin 2.6 g/dL) and a low reticulocyte count 0.7%. Direct and indirect Coombs tests were positive. A CT scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis revealed multiple lymphadenopathies. A cervical lymph node biopsy was compatible with AITL. A bone marrow biopsy showed medullary involvement by AITL and a severe erythroid hypoplasia with a myeloid:erythroid ratio of 19.70. The patient was started on CHOP and after 6 cycles the PET scan confirmed complete remissioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Abordagem computacional para a identificação de elementos cis-regulatóriso no genoma da soja.

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