Fractional Cable Model for Signal Conduction in Spiny Neuronal Dendrites

The cable model is widely used in several fields of science to describe the propagation of signals. A relevant medical and biological example is the anomalous subdiffusion in spiny neuronal dendrites observed in several studies of the last decade. Anomalous subdiffusion can be modelled in several ways introducing some fractional component into the classical cable model. The Chauchy problem associated to these kind of models has been investigated by many authors, but up to our knowledge an explicit solution for the signalling problem has not yet been published. Here we propose how this solution can be derived applying the generalized convolution theorem (known as Efros theorem) for Laplace transforms. The fractional cable model considered in this paper is defined by replacing the first order time derivative with a fractional derivative of order $\alpha\in(0,1)$ of Caputo type. The signalling problem is solved for any input function applied to the accessible end of a semi-infinite cable, which satisfies the requirements of the Efros theorem. The solutions corresponding to the simple cases of impulsive and step inputs are explicitly calculated in integral form containing Wright functions. Thanks to the variability of the parameter $\alpha$, the corresponding solutions are expected to adapt to the qualitative behaviour of the membrane potential observed in experiments better than in the standard case $\alpha=1$.Comment: arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1702.0533

Assessing load-sharing within optimistic simulation platforms

The advent of multi-core machines has lead to the need for revising the architecture of modern simulation platforms. One recent proposal we made attempted to explore the viability of load-sharing for optimistic simulators run on top of these types of machines. In this article, we provide an extensive experimental study for an assessment of the effects on run-time dynamics by a load-sharing architecture that has been implemented within the ROOT-Sim package, namely an open source simulation platform adhering to the optimistic synchronization paradigm. This experimental study is essentially aimed at evaluating possible sources of overheads when supporting load-sharing. It has been based on differentiated workloads allowing us to generate different execution profiles in terms of, e.g., granularity/locality of the simulation events. © 2012 IEEE

An Evolutionary Algorithm to Optimize Log/Restore Operations within Optimistic Simulation Platforms

In this work we address state recoverability in advanced optimistic simulation systems by proposing an evolutionary algorithm to optimize at run-time the parameters associated with state log/restore activities. Optimization takes place by adaptively selecting for each simulation object both (i) the best suited log mode (incremental vs non-incremental) and (ii) the corresponding optimal value of the log interval. Our performance optimization approach allows to indirectly cope with hidden effects (e.g., locality) as well as cross-object effects due to the variation of log/restore parameters for different simulation objects (e.g., rollback thrashing). Both of them are not captured by literature solutions based on analytical models of the overhead associated with log/restore tasks. More in detail, our evolutionary algorithm dynamically adjusts the log/restore parameters of distinct simulation objects as a whole, towards a well suited configuration. In such a way, we prevent negative effects on performance due to the biasing of the optimization towards individual simulation objects, which may cause reduced gains (or even decrease) in performance just due to the aforementioned hidden and/or cross-object phenomena. We also present an application-transparent implementation of the evolutionary algorithm within the ROme OpTimistic Simulator (ROOT-Sim), namely an open source, general purpose simulation environment designed according to the optimistic synchronization paradigm

Load sharing for optimistic parallel simulations on multicore machines

Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES) is based on the partitioning of the simulation model into distinct Logical Processes (LPs), each one modeling a portion of the entire system, which are allowed to execute simulation events concurrently. This allows exploiting parallel computing architectures to speedup model execution, and to make very large models tractable. In this article we cope with the optimistic approach to PDES, where LPs are allowed to concurrently process their events in a speculative fashion, and rollback/ recovery techniques are used to guarantee state consistency in case of causality violations along the speculative execution path. Particularly, we present an innovative load sharing approach targeted at optimizing resource usage for fruitful simulation work when running an optimistic PDES environment on top of multi-processor/multi-core machines. Beyond providing the load sharing model, we also define a load sharing oriented architectural scheme, based on a symmetric multi-threaded organization of the simulation platform. Finally, we present a real implementation of the load sharing architecture within the open source ROme OpTimistic Simulator (ROOT-Sim) package. Experimental data for an assessment of both viability and effectiveness of our proposal are presented as well. Copyright is held by author/owner(s)

A load-sharing architecture for high performance optimistic simulations on multi-core machines

In Parallel Discrete Event Simulation (PDES), the simulation model is partitioned into a set of distinct Logical Processes (LPs) which are allowed to concurrently execute simulation events. In this work we present an innovative approach to load-sharing on multi-core/multiprocessor machines, targeted at the optimistic PDES paradigm, where LPs are speculatively allowed to process simulation events with no preventive verification of causal consistency, and actual consistency violations (if any) are recovered via rollback techniques. In our approach, each simulation kernel instance, in charge of hosting and executing a specific set of LPs, runs a set of worker threads, which can be dynamically activated/deactivated on the basis of a distributed algorithm. The latter relies in turn on an analytical model that provides indications on how to reassign processor/core usage across the kernels in order to handle the simulation workload as efficiently as possible. We also present a real implementation of our load-sharing architecture within the ROme OpTimistic Simulator (ROOT-Sim), namely an open-source C-based simulation platform implemented according to the PDES paradigm and the optimistic synchronization approach. Experimental results for an assessment of the validity of our proposal are presented as well

Autonomic State Management for Optimistic Simulation Platforms

We present the design and implementation of an autonomic state manager (ASM) tailored for integration within optimistic parallel discrete event simulation (PDES) environments based on the C programming language and the executable and linkable format (ELF), and developed for execution on x8664 architectures. With ASM, the state of any logical process (LP), namely the individual (concurrent) simulation unit being part of the simulation model, is allowed to be scattered on dynamically allocated memory chunks managed via standard API (e.g., malloc/free). Also, the application programmer is not required to provide any serialization/deserialization module in order to take a checkpoint of the LP state, or to restore it in case a causality error occurs during the optimistic run, or to provide indications on which portions of the state are updated by event processing, so to allow incremental checkpointing. All these tasks are handled by ASM in a fully transparent manner via (A) runtime identification (with chunk-level granularity) of the memory map associated with the LP state, and (B) runtime tracking of the memory updates occurring within chunks belonging to the dynamic memory map. The co-existence of the incremental and non-incremental log/restore modes is achieved via dual versions of the same application code, transparently generated by ASM via compile/link time facilities. Also, the dynamic selection of the best suited log/restore mode is actuated by ASM on the basis of an innovative modeling/optimization approach which takes into account stability of each operating mode with respect to variations of the model/environmental execution parameters

Autonomic log/restore for advanced optimistic simulation systems

In this paper we address state recoverability in optimistic simulation systems by presenting an autonomic log/restore architecture. Our proposal is unique in that it jointly provides the following features: (i) log/restore operations are carried out in a completely transparent manner to the application programmer, (ii) the simulation-object state can be scattered across dynamically allocated non-contiguous memory chunks, (iii) two differentiated operating modes, incremental vs non-incremental, coexist via transparent, optimized run-time management of dual versions of the same application layer, with dynamic selection of the best suited operating mode in different phases of the optimistic simulation run, and (iv) determinationof the best suited mode for any time frame is carried out on the basis of an innovative modeling/optimization approach that takes into account stability of each operating mode vs variations of the model execution parameters. © 2010 IEEE

Benchmarking Memory Management Capabilities within ROOT-Sim

In parallel discrete event simulation techniques, the simulation model is partitioned into objects, concurrently executing events on different CPUs and/or multiple CPUCores. In such a context, run-time supports for logical time synchronization across the different simulation objects play a central role in determining the effectiveness of the specific parallel simulation environment. In this paper we present an experimental evaluation of the memory management capabilities offered by the ROme OpTimistic Simulator (ROOT-Sim). This is an open source parallel simulation environment transparently supporting optimistic synchronization via recoverability (based on incremental log/restore techniques) of any type of memory operation affecting the state of simulation objects, i.e., memory allocation, deallocation and update operations. The experimental study is based on a synthetic benchmark which mimics different read/write patterns inside the dynamic memory map associated with the state of simulation objects. This allows sensibility analysis of time and space effects due to the memory management subsystem while varying the type and the locality of the accesses associated with event processin

Time Fractional Cable Equation And Applications in Neurophysiology

We propose an extension of the cable equation by introducing a Caputo time fractional derivative. The fundamental solutions of the most common boundary problems are derived analitically via Laplace Transform, and result be written in terms of known special functions. This generalization could be useful to describe anomalous diffusion phenomena with leakage as signal conduction in spiny dendrites. The presented solutions are computed in Matlab and plotted.Comment: 10 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1702.0532

Firenze nella crisi religiosa del Cinquecento: echi e commenti

Il convegno dedicato alla crisi religiosa del Cinquecento nella Firenze cosimiana, che concettualmente prende le mosse dall’incontro relativo all’arte e al dissenso antimediceo del 2016, conferma il fil rouge che lega le dinamiche politiche e quelle religiose nel contesto fiorentino. L’articolata politica religiosa esperita da Cosimo è parte non secondaria della complessa strategia del principato. Nel Contempo, la ricchezza del discorso religioso non può esaurirsi soltanto all’interno delle logiche del principato, come dimostra sia la persistenza dell’eredità savonaroliana, sia l’influenza e le concrete declinazioni della sfuggente e poliedrica “Riforma Italiana” in ambito fiorentino