Goats : rising systems and trading alternatives

Este trabajo propone caracterizar la producción caprina del norte y oeste de Córdoba (Argentina). Para ello analiza diacrónica y sincrónicamente los datos censales a nivel provincial y focaliza el relevamiento de datos productivos en la región NO de la provincia. Luego establece las distintas estrategias de comercialización del producto principal, el cabrito: • venta directa 48 % • venta a intermediario 28 % • reposición 14 % • consumo 10 %This paper aims to characterise goat production in the North and West of Córdoba (Argentina). It analises the literature at the provincial level both diachronicaly and sinchronicaly, focusing the data survey on the NW area. The paper concludes that there are different channels for trading goat-kids (the main product sent by peasants to the market): • direct sales to final consumers 48 % • to middlemen 28 % • female kids to replace old goats 14 % • and meat for peasant households 10 %Fil: Ferrer, G.. Universidad Nacional de CórdobaFil: Barrientos, M.. Universidad Nacional de CórdobaFil: Saal, G.. Universidad Nacional de CórdobaFil: Visintini, A.. Universidad Nacional de Córdob

Characterization and BMP Tests of Liquid Substrates for High-rate Anaerobic Digestion

This work was focused on the physicochemical characterization and biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests of some liquid organic substrates, to verify if they were suitable for undergoing a process of high-velocity anaerobic digestion. The selected substrates were: first and second cheese whey, organic fraction of municipal solid waste (OFMSW) leachate, condensate water and slaughterhouse liquid waste. Firstly, a physicochemical characterization was performed, using traditional and macromolecular parameters; then, batch anaerobic tests were carried out, and some continuous tests were planned. The results revealed that all the analyzed substrates have a potential to be anaerobically treated. Valuable information about treatment rate for a high-velocity anaerobic digestion process was obtained. Start-up of a lab-scale UASB reactor, treating diluted cheese whey, was successfully achieved with good COD removal efficiency. These preliminary results are expected to be further investigated in a successive phase, where continuous tests will be conducted on condensate water and OFMSW leachate. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License

Advanced 3D modeling versus Building Information Modeling: the case study of Palazzo Ettoreo in Sacile (Italy)

This paper presents an experience of 3D modeling starting from laser scanning data and following two alternative approaches: the first one, called \u201cAdvanced 3D modeling\u201d, based on an original meshing algorithm, while the second make use of Revit BIM software. The case study in Palace Ettoreo in Sacile (Pordenone, Italy), constructed in Renaissance Venetian style in the 16th century: it has a trapezoid plan and is developed on three floors, with the ground one endowing a portico on two fa\ue7ades. The palace has been surveyed by two terrestrial laser scanners: a Riegl Z420i for 5 external scans and a FARO Photon 120 for 53 internal scans; also a topographic surveying of 270 targets have been carried out. The final TLS cloud has 1,4 billions of points. The Advanced 3D modeling has produced a \u201csmart\u201d mesh, allowing also to model the elements with deformations (out of plumb, bulges and troughs). Moreover, this model drastically reduce the stored data: the whole palace is modeled by 111.496 polygons only. The modeling with Revit follows the classical flowchart where the principal architectonical elements are gradually composed: this HBIM process has required a strong manual work in exploiting the available parametric objects and/or in the definition of new objects. Comparing the two models with respect the points cloud, both have evidenced advantages and limitations: therefore, the best solution is a process involving their combination. At the beginning, the Advanced 3D modeling is performed onto the points cloud, so well exploiting the segmentation tools and the smart meshing of the surfaces preserving any geometrical irregularity. Such obtained model allows metrical and morphological evaluation on the various structural and architectonical elements. Afterwards, this very light model becomes the entry data for the modeling in BIM environment, where also the shape of irregular elements are so imported

Extreme Energy Cosmic Rays (EECR) Observation Capabilities of an "Airwatch from Space'' Mission

The longitudinal development and other characteristics of the EECR induced atmospheric showers can be studied from space by detecting the fluorescence light induced in the atmospheric nitrogen. According to the Airwatch concept a single fast detector can be used for measuring both intensity and time development of the streak of fluorescence light produced by the atmospheric shower induced by an EECR. In the present communication the detection capabilities for the EECR observation from space are discussed.Comment: 3 pages (LaTeX). To appear in the Proceedings of TAUP'9

Determination of parameters for the evaluation of Phosphorus/Calcium metabolism in adult normal dogs

Diseases that facilitate alterations in the metabolism of calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (Pi) are\ndiverse. Knowing and interpreting normal parameters is fundamental to making a diagnosis.\nIn this study both minerals were evaluated in the blood and urine of 52 healthy adult dogs in\nthree age ranges in years old (group A: from 1 to 5, group B: from 6 to 10, and group C: older\nthan 10).\nCalcium levels exhibited no significant difference across age groups. A significant increase (p = 0.03)\nin phosphorus was found in group C in relation to the other two groups.\nBased on the elimination of both minerals through the urine, evaluated from the fractional\nexcretion (DIP and DICa) and the relation Ca or Pi / Creatinine, a non-significant tendency\nof a lower elimination of Pi through urine was observed, according to DIP values of group C\n(p = 0.055).\nThe values of DIP and DICa were correlated with the ones in Pi or Ca/Cr in urine (r = 0.9, p < 0.0001).\nThese results allow us to infer that the mineral/Cr relation can be used when evaluating\nelimination by urine. The age range must be taken into account when interpreting results of\nphosphorus in blood and urine, since groups older than 10 years old have higher minimum\nand maximum threshold levels than the other two groups.Fil: Martiarena, B. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela de Pequeños Animales. Unidad de Endocrinología; ArgentinaFil: Regonat, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Regonat, M. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela de Pequeños Animales. Unidad de Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, H. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Quintana, H. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela de Pequeños Animales. Unidad de Nutrición; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Patología Clínica; ArgentinaFil: Brandi, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela de Pequeños Animales. Unidad de Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Lamarca, G. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales; ArgentinaFil: Molina, E. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Hospital Escuela de Pequeños Animlaes. Unidad de Nefrología y Urología; ArgentinaFil: Ruidiaz, V. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales; ArgentinaFil: Visintini, A. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias. Cátedra de Clínica Médica de Pequeños Animales; ArgentinaLas enfermedades que alteran el metabolismo fósforo (Pi)/calcio (Ca) son variadas. Para\ndiagnosticarlas es necesario conocer e interpretar parámetros normales. Se estudiaron ambos\nminerales, en sangre y orina, en 52 perros adultos sanos, agrupados según rango etario en años:\nGA de 1 a 5; GB de 6 a 10 y GC ? de 10.\nNo se encontraron diferencias significativas para la calcemia entre los grupos. Hubo un\nincremento significativo para la fosfatemia (p 0.03) y el producto Ca x Pi (p 0.02) en el GC\nrespecto al resto.\nDe la eliminación de ambos minerales en orina, evaluada mediante la excreción fraccional (DIP\ny DICa) y por la relación Calcio o fósforo/creatinina, se observó una tendencia, no significativa,\na una menor eliminación de fósforo, según los valores de DIP en el grupo C (p 0.055). Los\nvalores de DIP y DICa se correlacionaron con los de Fósforo o Calcio/Creatinina (r 0.9, p < 0.0001),\nhaciendo que dichas relaciones pueden ser utilizadas para evaluar la excreción urinaria.\nEl rango etario debe tenerse en cuenta para interpretar resultados del fósforo en sangre y orina,\ndado que los valores de cortes mínimos y máximos son más elevados en los mayores de 10 años

Therapeutic immunization with HIV-1 Tat reduces immune activation and loss of regulatory T-cells and improves immune function in subjects on HAART.

Although HAART suppresses HIV replication, it is often unable to restore immune homeostasis. Consequently, non-AIDS-defining diseases are increasingly seen in treated individuals. This is attributed to persistent virus expression in reservoirs and to cell activation. Of note, in CD4(+) T cells and monocyte-macrophages of virologically-suppressed individuals, there is continued expression of multi-spliced transcripts encoding HIV regulatory proteins. Among them, Tat is essential for virus gene expression and replication, either in primary infection or for virus reactivation during HAART, when Tat is expressed, released extracellularly and exerts, on both the virus and the immune system, effects that contribute to disease maintenance. Here we report results of an ad hoc exploratory interim analysis (up to 48 weeks) on 87 virologically-suppressed HAART-treated individuals enrolled in a phase II randomized open-label multicentric clinical trial of therapeutic immunization with Tat (ISS T-002). Eighty-eight virologically-suppressed HAART-treated individuals, enrolled in a parallel prospective observational study at the same sites (ISS OBS T-002), served for intergroup comparison. Immunization with Tat was safe, induced durable immune responses, and modified the pattern of CD4(+) and CD8(+) cellular activation (CD38 and HLA-DR) together with reduction of biochemical activation markers and persistent increases of regulatory T cells. This was accompanied by a progressive increment of CD4(+) T cells and B cells with reduction of CD8(+) T cells and NK cells, which were independent from the type of antiretroviral regimen. Increase in central and effector memory and reduction in terminally-differentiated effector memory CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were accompanied by increases of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cell responses against Env and recall antigens. Of note, more immune-compromised individuals experienced greater therapeutic effects. In contrast, these changes were opposite, absent or partial in the OBS population. These findings support the use of Tat immunization to intensify HAART efficacy and to restore immune homeostasis. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00751595

Is fluorescein-guided technique able to help in resection of high-grade gliomas?

OBJECT: Fluorescein, a dye that is widely used as a fluorescent tracer, accumulates in cerebral areas where the blood-brain barrier is damaged. This quality makes it an ideal dye for the intraoperative visualization of high-grade gliomas (HGGs). The authors report their experience with a new fluorescein-guided technique for the resection of HGGs using a dedicated filter on the surgical microscope. METHODS: The authors initiated a prospective Phase II trial (FLUOGLIO) in September 2011 with the objective of evaluating the safety of fluorescein-guided surgery for HGGs and obtaining preliminary evidence regarding its efficacy for this purpose. To be eligible for participation in the study, a patient had to have suspected HGG amenable to complete resection of the contrast-enhancing area. The present report is based on the analysis of the short- and long-term results in 20 consecutive patients with HGGs (age range 45-74 years), enrolled in the study since September 2011. In all cases fluorescein (5-10 mg/kg) was injected intravenously after intubation. Tumor resection was performed with microsurgical technique and fluorescence visualization by means of BLUE 400 or YELLOW 560 filters on a Pentero microscope. RESULTS: The median preoperative tumor volume was 30.3 cm(3) (range 2.4-87.8 cm(3)). There were no adverse reactions related to fluorescein administration. Complete removal of contrast-enhanced tumor was achieved in 80% of the patients. The median duration of follow-up was 10 months. The 6-months progression-free survival rate was 71.4% and the median survival was 11 months. CONCLUSIONS: Analysis of these 20 cases suggested that fluorescein-guided technique with a dedicated filter on the surgical microscope is safe and allows a high rate of complete resection of contrast-enhanced tumor as determined on early postoperative MRI. Clinical trial registration no.: 2011-002527-18 (EudraCT)