Maintenance oriented real estate mangement

Due to the latest phenomena of vast spreading of multi-dwelling houses real estate management is becoming more and more interesting and important domain. Especially older buildings need systematic maintenance and holistic approach for its perfect functioning. That is why a new residential law has been confirmed in 2003. The law defines that flat owners in a multi-dwelling house, with more than two flat owners and more than eight individual parts select a manger. One of the most important manager's assignments is maintenance of the building. He must be aware that well being of residents is in correlation to his building managing performance. On the other hand condition and lifetime of a building is also a domain of flat owners, who contribute with their participating in maintenance processes. In first chapters of this work a reader can introduce himself with some most important real estate management laws. Management of multi-dwelling houses is definitely set in the limelight. To define the most common maintenance strategies and following troubles with its realization, a questionnaire has been formed and applicated on Slovenian managers. At the end, theory and experiences are nicely combined in two cases of frontage renovation on buildings in the city of Ljubljana

Microplastics in Mediterranean coastal area: toxicity and impact for the environment and human health

The so-called marine litter, and in particular microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), are ubiquitously distributed and recognised as an emerging risk for the environment and human health. It is known that marine environments are one of the most impacted areas and among them; coastal zones are the most contaminated ones. They are subjected to population pressure, tourism, harbours, desalination plants, marine traffic and fish farms. This review is focused on the Mediterranean Sea, currently considered one hot spot of microplastics pollution in the world, as a consequence of the high number of plastic marine litter generating activities and its characteristic morphology of semi-enclosed sea. MPs and NPs have been detected not only in surface water and water columns but also in sediments, deep seafloor, and biota including fish and seafood for human consumption. Because of this, different European legislation initiatives have been launched during the last years in order to prevent MPs and NPs contamination and to face derived problems. Finally, this review summarises the main problems and shortcomings associated to MPs and NPs analyses such as their identification and quantification or the necessity of standardised protocols.Postprin

Understanding How Microplastics Affect Marine Biota on the Cellular Level Is Important for Assessing Ecosystem Function: A Review

Plastic has become indispensable for human life. When plastic debris is discarded into waterways, these items can interact with organisms. Of particular concern are microscopic plastic particles (microplastics) which are subject to ingestion by several taxa. This review summarizes the results of cutting-edge research about the interactions between a range of aquatic species and microplastics, including effects on biota physiology and secondary ingestion. Uptake pathways via digestive or ventilatory systems are discussed, including (1) the physical penetration of microplastic particles into cellular structures, (2) leaching of chemical additives or adsorbed persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and (3) consequences of bacterial or viral microbiota contamination associated with microplastic ingestion. Following uptake, a number of individual-level effects have been observed, including reduction of feeding activities, reduced growth and reproduction through cellular modifications, and oxidative stress. Microplastic-associated effects on marine biota have become increasingly investigated with growing concerns regarding human health through trophic transfer. We argue that research on the cellular interactions with microplastics provide an understanding of their impact to the organisms’ fitness and, therefore, its ability to sustain their functional role in the ecosystem. The review summarizes information from 236 scientific publications. Of those, only 4.6% extrapolate their research of microplastic intake on individual species to the impact on ecosystem functioning. We emphasize the need for risk evaluation from organismal effects to an ecosystem level to effectively evaluate the effect of microplastic pollution on marine environments. Further studies are encouraged to investigate sublethal effects in the context of environmentally relevant microplastic pollution conditions

Definite and indefinite adjectival forms

V diplomski nalogi predstavim večje pomenske skupine pridevnika in njegove glavne slovnične lastnosti, opišem pojmovanje kategorije določnosti v slovenskem jezikoslovnem prostoru ter nato oba koncepta povežem – kako se je v slovenščini določna in nedoločna oblika pridevnika razvila, kako se danes na pridevniku odraža kategorija določnosti, katera so pravila, ki narekujejo rabo določne oziroma nedoločne oblike te besedne podvrste, in kako je s kategorijo določnosti v neknjižnem jeziku. Omenim tudi sinkretizem oblik kot možno razlago oblikoslovnega nerazlikovanja med določno in nedoločno pridevniško obliko v večini primerov. Sledi še analiza kratkega besedila z ozirom na rabo obeh pridevniških oblik.The bachelor’s thesis presents the main semantic groups and grammatical categories of the adjective, describes the Slovene conception of the category of definiteness, and then links the two notions – how the definite and indefinite adjectival forms developed in the Slovene language, how the category of definiteness is morphologically realised in the adjectival form today, what the rules of the usage of the definite or indefinite adjectival form are, and how the category in question is indicated in non-standard Slovene. It is also pointed out that syncretism could account for the overlapping of definite and indefinite adjectival forms. The thesis also includes an analysis of a short text, focusing on the usage of adjectives with regard to the category of definiteness

VPLIV TEHNOLOGIJE NA OBSEG SIVE EKONOMIJE - PRIMER PROJEKTA "VKLOPI RAZUM, ZAHTEVAJ RAČUN"

Kljub temu da je področje sive ekonomije znano že dolgo časa, se s tem izzivom sooča celotna Evropska unija tudi danes. Njen nastanek generira netransparentno delovanje pravnih in fizičnih oseb na področju davkov. Za državo in družbo je nesprejemljiva, saj so negativni učinki v škodo vsem. Njen obseg variira v času in je odvisen od mnogih dejavnikov v družbi. V Sloveniji se s problematiko sive ekonomije največ ukvarja Finančna uprava Republike Slovenije. Njen zadnji projekt »Vklopi razum, zahtevaj račun« pa se izziva loteva na več ravneh. V diplomskem delu je bila v empirični raziskavi uporabljena metoda anketnega vprašalnika. Ugotoviti smo želeli, kakšno je mnenje uporabnikov o projektu in tudi o mobilni aplikaciji, ki je bila za ta projekt izdelana. Zanimalo nas je, ali se davkoplačevalci zavedajo posledic, ki jih z neprevzemom računa lahko ustvarijo, in vpliva le-tega na obseg sive ekonomije. Anketiranci v večini primerov račun prevzamejo, kar so po njihovem mnenju spodbudile tudi marketinške aktivnosti v okviru tega projekta. Na obseg sive ekonomije lahko vplivajo z uporabo ustrezne tehnologije, torej mobilne aplikacije, ki omogoča hitrejšo izmenjavo podatkov s FURS-om. Aplikacijo ocenjujejo kot moderen pristop z dodano vrednostjo pri reševanju te problematike. Uporaba ustrezne tehnologije se v praksi povečuje in omogoča pozitivne rezultate, kar v našem primeru prikazuje količina izmenjanih podatkov prek aplikacije. Uporaba aplikacije je omogočila vpogled nad izdanimi računi in njihovo pravilnostjo ter nadzor. Rezultati ankete nam prikazujejo mnenje državljanov o projektu in vzpostavljeni aplikaciji, kar nam omogoča nadaljnje proučevanje in izboljšave v okviru vzpostavljenega projekta.Even though grey economy has been around for a long time, it is a challenge the European Union still faces today. It generates from non-transparent operations of legal and natural persons regarding taxes. However, this is unacceptable for the state and the society, because its negative effects harm everybody. The extent varies in time and depends on numerous societal factors. In Slovenia, the Financial Administration deals with the issue of grey economy. The Administration\u27s latest project "Use your head:demand a receipt!" tackles the issue on different levels. In this thesis, we used a questionnaire to complete our empirical research. We wanted to determine what people think about the project and its application, which was created especially for this project. We were also interested to know whether taxpayers are aware of the possible consequences if they do not take the bill and the effect it can have on the extent of grey economy. The interviewees take the bill in most cases, and many believe this is due to the marketing activities of this project. The extent of grey economy can be affected by the use of appropriate technology, i.e. mobile application which enables a faster exchange of information with the Financial Administration. The application has been appraised as a modern approach with added value to help manage this issue. The use of appropriate technology in practice is more frequent and generates positive results. In our case, this can be seen in the amount of information exchanged through the application, which has ensured an overview of issued bills, their regularity, and control. The results of our questionnaire show what citizens think about the project and its application which offers the possibility of further study and improvement within the project