First and second order optimality conditions for optimal control problems of state constrained integral equations

This paper deals with optimal control problems of integral equations, with initial-final and running state constraints. The order of a running state constraint is defined in the setting of integral dynamics, and we work here with constraints of arbitrary high orders. First and second-order necessary conditions of optimality are obtained, as well as second-order sufficient conditions

Administrative Offense Proceedings and Pre-Trial Dispute Resolution in the BRICS Countries

This article offers a comparative analysis of the particularities of the implementation of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and pre-trial dispute resolution in the BRICS member states. The article observes that in the BRICS countries, the issues of pre-trial dispute settlement are resolved using the same mechanisms: negotiation and conciliation procedures, including mediation. The implementation of these mechanisms is possible by the parties to the dispute themselves, with the participation of third parties such as proxies or legal representatives who may be interested in carrying out the procedures, and with the services of independent, professional mediators. The article draws attention to the fact that the Federative Republic of Brazil, the Russian Federation, the Republic of India, the People’s Republic of China and the Republic of South Africa belong to different legal families, which undoubtedly is a feature of the legal regulation of their administrative offense proceedings as well as of their pre-trial dispute resolution. The article finds that Roman law largely influenced all of the BRICS countries, with the exception of India, whose legal system was formed under the influence of English law, and that the versatility of legal regulation does not allow one to speak fully about the balance of administrative legislation in the studied areas. Furthermore, it is characteristic of all of the BRICS countries that administrative punishment cannot be aimed at humiliating the human dignity of a natural person, causing him or her physical suffering, nor can it be aimed at damaging the business reputation of a legal person. The similarity of the tasks of the administrative legislation of the BRICS countries is noted, which should include the protection of the subjective rights and interests of citizens, ensuring the rule of law, the protection of public order and public safety, and the prevention of administrative offenses. Through the discourse presented by the authors, the concept of an administrative offense is revealed; the acts regulating the proceedings in cases of administrative offenses are considered, as well as the tasks and principles established by national legislation in this direction. Furthermore, the similarities and differences in the legal regulation of proceedings in cases of administrative offenses and pre-trial settlement of disputes are revealed

Mapping The Potential EU-EAEU Cooperation Agenda:readmission agreements, visa-free regime, labour migration, mobility of pensions, large-scale educational exchanges, recognition of professional diplomas and certificates

This paper deals with a potential long-term cooperation agenda of the European Union and the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU) on the movement of people. The paper provides a brief technical background on five various issues. It argues for the visa-free regime; advancing large-scale academic exchanges; introducing the mobility of trans-border pensions between two integration blocs; and partial recognition of professional certificates and diplomas. At the same time, authors argue against prematurely raising the issue of the labour migration in the EU-EAEU context

Naturally derived nano- and micro-drug delivery vehicles: halloysite, vaterite and nanocellulose

Recent advances in drug delivery and controlled release had a great impact on bioscience, medicine and tissue engineering. Consequently, a variety of advanced drug delivery vehicles either have already reached the market or are approaching the phase of commercial production. Progressive growth of the drug delivery market has led to the necessity to earnestly concern about economically viable, up-scalable and sustainable technologies for a large-scale production of drug delivery carriers. We have identified three attractive natural sources of drug carriers: aluminosilicate clays, minerals of calcium carbonate, and cellulose. Three classes of drug delivery carriers derived from these natural materials are halloysite nanotubes, vaterite crystals and nanocellulose. These carriers can be produced using “green” technologies from some of the most abundant sources on the Earth and have extremely high potential to meet all criteria applied for the manufacture of modern delivery carriers. We provide an up-to-date snapshot of these drug delivery vehicles towards their use for bioapplications, in particular for drug delivery and tissue engineering. The following research topics are addressed: (i) the availability, sources and methodologies used for production of these drug delivery vehicles, (ii) the drug loading and release mechanisms of these delivery vehicles, (iii) in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies on these vehicles, and (iv) employment of these vehicles for tissue engineering. Finally, the prospects for vehicles’ further development and industrialisation are critically assessed, highlighting most attractive future research directions such as the design of third generation active biomaterials

Mjerenje linearne polarizacije realnih fotona

A survey of known methods of analyzing linear polarization of high-energy photons is presented. The methods of pair photoproduction in single crystals and in amorphous targets are briefly discussed. The method of measurement of photon linear polarization using azimuthal asymmetry of the recoil electrons from pair photoproduction on electron (triplet photoproduction process) is considered in details. The optimum region of kinematic parameters of emitted particles in which analyzing power increases is discussed. Possibility of using CLAS for the measurement of linear photon polarization by analyzing the recoil-electron distribution in triplet photoproduction process (when shielding magnet is turned off) is considered.Daje se pregled poznatih metoda za određivanje linearne polarizacije visokoenergijskih fotona. Raspravlja se kratko tvorba parova u monokristalima i amorfnim metama. Podrobno se razmatra metoda mjerenja polarizacije određivanjem azimutalne asimetrije elektrona od fototvorbe na elektronima (trojna fototvorba). Raspravlja se najpovoljnije područje kinematičkih parametara izlaznih čestica. Izlaže se mogćcnost primjene CLASa za određivanje linearne polarizacije fotona mjerenjem raspodjele odbijenih elektrona iz trojnog fototvorbenog procesa (za vrijeme mjerenja CLASov magnet bi se isključio)

Mjerenje linearne polarizacije realnih fotona

A survey of known methods of analyzing linear polarization of high-energy photons is presented. The methods of pair photoproduction in single crystals and in amorphous targets are briefly discussed. The method of measurement of photon linear polarization using azimuthal asymmetry of the recoil electrons from pair photoproduction on electron (triplet photoproduction process) is considered in details. The optimum region of kinematic parameters of emitted particles in which analyzing power increases is discussed. Possibility of using CLAS for the measurement of linear photon polarization by analyzing the recoil-electron distribution in triplet photoproduction process (when shielding magnet is turned off) is considered.Daje se pregled poznatih metoda za određivanje linearne polarizacije visokoenergijskih fotona. Raspravlja se kratko tvorba parova u monokristalima i amorfnim metama. Podrobno se razmatra metoda mjerenja polarizacije određivanjem azimutalne asimetrije elektrona od fototvorbe na elektronima (trojna fototvorba). Raspravlja se najpovoljnije područje kinematičkih parametara izlaznih čestica. Izlaže se mogćcnost primjene CLASa za određivanje linearne polarizacije fotona mjerenjem raspodjele odbijenih elektrona iz trojnog fototvorbenog procesa (za vrijeme mjerenja CLASov magnet bi se isključio)

Cross-relaxation and phonon bottleneck effects on magnetization dynamics in LiYF4:Ho3+

Frequency and dc magnetic field dependences of dynamic susceptibility in diluted paramagnets LiYF$_4$:Ho$^{3+}$ have been measured at liquid helium temperatures in the ac and dc magnetic fields parallel to the symmetry axis of a tetragonal crystal lattice. Experimental data are analyzed in the framework of microscopic theory of relaxation rates in the manifold of 24 electron-nuclear sublevels of the lowest non-Kramers doublet and the first excited singlet in the Ho$^{3+}$ ground multiplet $^5I_8$ split by the crystal field of S$_4$ symmetry. The one-phonon transition probabilities were computed using electron-phonon coupling constants calculated in the framework of exchange charge model and were checked by optical piezospectroscopic measurements. The specific features observed in field dependences of the in- and out-of-phase susceptibilities (humps and dips, respectively) at the crossings (anti-crossings) of the electron-nuclear sublevels are well reproduced by simulations when the phonon bottleneck effect and the cross-spin relaxation are taken into account

Discovery of an unusual bright eclipsing binary with the longest known period: TYC 2505-672-1 / MASTER OT J095310.04+335352.8

We report on the MASTER Global Robotic Net discovery of an eclipsing binary, MASTER OT J095310.04+335352.8, previously known as unremarkable star TYC 2505-672-1, which displays extreme orbital parameters. The orbital period P=69.1 yr is more than 2.5 times longer than that of epsilon-Aurigae, which is the previous record holder. The light curve is characterized by an extremely deep total eclipse with a depth of more than 4.5 mag, which is symmetrically shaped and has a total duration of 3.5 yrs. The eclipse is essentially gray. The spectra acquired with the Russian 6 m BTA telescope both at minimum and maximum light mainly correspond to an M0-1III--type red giant, but the spectra taken at the bottom of eclipse show small traces of a sufficiently hot source. The observed properties of this system can be better explained as the red giant eclipsed by a large cloud (the disk) of small particles surrounding the invisible secondary companion.Comment: 8 figures, 9 pages, Astronomy and astrophysics in prin