Design, simulation and implementation of a PMSM drive system

Field oriented control (FOC) of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is one of the widely used methods for the speed control of the motor. A PMSM drive system based on FOC is designed, simulated and implemented. The whole drive system is simulated in Matlab/Simulink based on the mathematical model of the system devices including PMSM and inverter. The aim of the drive system is to have speed control over wide speed range. Simulation results show that the speed controller has a good dynamic response. A lab setup is designed and implemented based on a six-pole 2 kW PMSM. The measurement devices, voltage transducers, current transducers and resolver, are explained in this report. For the system control dSpace is used and Matlab/Simulink is used for the program development and implementation. Experimental results show that the drive system has a good dynamic response in terms of speed response and torque ripple. The drive system will be extended to serve as an isolated high power battery charger. _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________El proyecto pretende diseñar un método de control de velocidad para dicho motor, llevar a cabo simulaciones en ordenador para comprobar la validez del método seleccionado y finalmente implementar en el laboratorio un sistema formado por motor, convertidor, diversos sensores y software controlador, con el cual realizar los ensayos oportunos para verificar el funcionamiento práctico del montaje. Para este fin se eligió el control de velocidad por orientación de flujo (en inglés, Flux Oriented Control o FOC). La máquina eléctrica diseñada para el proyecto es un motor síncrono de imanes permanentes (en inglés, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine o PMSM) de 2 kW, 6 polos y rotor liso. La peculiaridad de este motor es su doble devanado estatórico. Este nos permite, por medio de una serie de relés capaces de cambiar la configuración eléctrica de los devanados, conectar ambos como uno único para el modo de tracción y separarlos en dos devanados aislados (a modo de transformador) en modo de carga. Para este proyecto, se conectaron como un único devanado en forma de estrella, ya que su uso solo requiere del modo tracción.Ingeniería Industria

Tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para adultos: Una revisión selectiva

Antecedentes: los tratamientos psicológicos han mostrado su eficacia, efectividad y eficiencia para el abordaje de los trastornos mentales; no obstante, considerando el conocimiento científico generado en los últimos años, no se dispone de trabajos de actualización en español sobre cuáles son los tratamientos psicológicos con respaldo empírico. El objetivo fue realizar una revisión selectiva de los principales tratamientos psicológicos empíricamente apoyados para el abordaje de trastornos mentales en personas adultas. Método: se recogen niveles de evidencia y grados de recomendación en función de los criterios propuestos por el Sistema Nacional de Salud de España (en las Guías de Práctica Clínica) para diferentes trastornos psicológicos. Resultados: los resultados sugieren que los tratamientos psicológicos disponen de apoyo empírico para el abordaje de un amplio elenco de trastornos psicológicos. El grado de apoyo empírico oscila de bajo a alto en función del trastorno psicológico analizado. La revisión sugiere que ciertos campos de intervención necesitan una mayor investigación. Conclusiones: a partir de esta revisión selectiva, los profesionales de la psicología podrán disponer de información rigurosa y actualizada que les permita tomar decisiones informadas a la hora de implementar aquellos procedimientos psicoterapéuticos empíricamente fundamentados en función de las características de las personas que demandan ayuda. Background: Psychological treatments have shown their efficacy, effectiveness, and efficiency in dealing with mental disorders. However, considering the scientific knowledge generated in recent years, in the Spanish context, there are no updating studies about empirically supported psychological treatments. The main goal was to carry out a selective review of the main empirically supported psychological treatments for mental disorders in adults. Method: Levels of evidence and degrees of recommendation were collected based on the criteria proposed by the Spanish National Health System (Clinical Practice Guidelines) for different psychological disorders. Results: The results indicate that psychological treatments have empirical support for the approach to a wide range of psychological disorders. These levels of empirical evidence gathered range from low to high depending on the psychological disorder analysed. The review indicates the existence of certain fields of intervention that need further investigation. Conclusions: Based on this selective review, psychology professionals will be able to have rigorous, up-to-date information that allows them to make informed decisions when implementing empirically based psychotherapeutic procedures based on the characteristics of the people who require help

Nosocomial Outbreak of VIM-1-Producing Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolates of Multilocus Sequence Type 15: Molecular Basis, Clinical Risk Factors, and Outcome

We study the epidemiology, molecular basis, clinical risk factors, and outcome involved in the clonal dissemination of VIM-1-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in the hospital setting. All patients infected/colonized by carbapenem-nonsusceptible K. pneumoniae (CNSKP) in 2009 were included. Molecular epidemiology was studied by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Antibiotic resistance genes were analyzed by PCR and sequencing. Plasmids were studied by PFGE with S1 nuclease digestion and for incompatibility group by a PCR-based replicon typing scheme. Risk factors associated with CNSKP colonization/infection were assessed by an observational case-control study. All 55 patients studied were infected (n = 28) or colonized (n = 27) by VIM-1-producing K. pneumoniae. All but one acquired isolates of a single clone (PFGE cluster 1 [C1], sequence type 15 [ST15]), while another clone (PFGE C2, ST340) was detected in four patients. C1 isolates also produced the new extended-spectrum β-lactamase SHV-134. blaVIM-1 was carried in a class 1 integron and an untypeable plasmid of ∼50 bp. The number of days that the patient received mechanical ventilation, the use of parenteral nutrition, previous treatment with linezolid, and treatment with extended-spectrum cephalosporins for more than 7 days were detected to be independent risk factors for CNSKP acquisition. The VIM-1-producing K. pneumoniae ST15 clone has a high capacity to spread among intensive care unit patients with severe underlying conditions. A high rate of associated mortality and great difficulty in controlling the spread of this clone, without permanent behavioral changes in the personnel, were observed