Design of railway bridges considering LCA

Environmental awareness has strongly increased these last years, especially in the developed countries where societies have become increasingly preoccupied by the natural resource depletion and environmental degradation. At the same time, the increasing mass transportation demand throughout the European Union requires the development of new infrastructures. Life Cycle Assessment is increasingly used to provide environmental information for decision-makers, when a choice is to be made about the transportation mode to be implemented on a given route. In a life-cycle perspective, not only the environmental pressure of the operation of vehicles but also the burden from the infrastructure, in particular bridges as key links of the road and railway networks, has to be assessed when comparing transportation modes. Based on an extensive literature review, a simplified quantitative LCA is implemented in order to compare the environmental performance of two railway bridge designs. It is meant to be useful at an early stage in the design process, when no detailed information about the bridge is available, and when rough environmental estimations are needed. The Excel based model covers the entire life-cycle of the bridge, from raw material extraction to construction materials recycling and disposal. Various assumptions and omissions are made to narrow the scope of the analysis. For instance, processes that are found insignificant in the literature are omitted, and only a limited set of relevant emissions and impacts to the environment is considered. The model provides fully transparent results at the inventory and impact assessment level. The streamlined approach is tested by comparing the environmental burden throughout the life-cycle of a steel-concrete composite railway bridge on a single span, equipped with either a ballasted or a fixed concrete single track. The results show that the environmental impacts of the fixed track alternative are lower than that of the ballasted track alternative, for every impact categories. In a sustainable development perspective, it would thus have been preferable to install a fixed track over the bridge to reduce its overall impact on the environment by about 77%. The raw material phase is found decisive in the life-cycle of both alternatives. The frequency of the replacement of the track is identified as a key environmental parameter, since the road traffic emissions during bridge closure nearly overwhelmed the other life-cycle stages

PLACE DU LABORATOIRE DE MICROBIOLOGIE DES ALIMENTS DANS UNE ENTREPRISE D'ABATTAGE ET DE DECOUPE DU PORC

Nous avons créé et mis en place un laboratoire de microbiologie des aliments dans une entreprise d'abattage et de découpe de porc tournée vers les marchés de l'export. La connaissance du contexte économique et réglementaire actuel du marché du porc est essentielle. Nous décrivons tout d'abord le marché du porc en France, dans l'Union Européenne et dans le monde, ainsi que les réglementations et recommandations qui régissent la production et les conditions des échanges de la viande de porc dans ces marchés. Le laboratoire de microbiologie a été créé et fonctionne dans le respect de la réglementation et des recommandations relatives à cette activité. A une époque où la sécurité des aliments est une des préoccupations majeures des consommateurs, le laboratoire s'inscrit dans une démarche globale d'amélioration de la qualité au sein de l'entreprise. Les axes de travail du service qualité sont la qualité des produits fabriqués, la sécurité des aliments (HACCP notamment), et la protection de l'environnement. Les outils de maîtrise de la qualité sont utilisés dans tous ces domaines.MAISONS-ALFORT-Ecole Vétérin (940462302) / SudocSudocFranceF

La bronchiolite aiguë du nourrisson (de la Conférence de Consensus à la pratique)

L'objectif principal de ce travail était d'évaluer les pratiques concernant le traitement ambulatoire des bronchiolites aigües du nourrisson. L'objectif secondaire était de pouvoir mesurer ultérieurement l'impact de la Conférence de Consensus de 2000. L'étude réalisée est une enquête descriptive transversale adressée à tous les médecins généralistes du département de l'Eure, entre le 17 avril 2006 et le 15 juin 2006. 216 généralistes ont répondus, soit un total de participation de 58,4%. Les résultats obtenus sont relativement homogènes quant à la non-prescription d'examens complémentaires. En ce qui concerne la prescription des différentes thérapeutiques, on retrouve par ordre : kinésithérapie respiratoire 98,1%, bronchodilatateurs 66,2%, corticoïdes inhalés 43,9 %, fluidifiants 37,2%, corticoïdes per os 34,1%, antibiotiques 13,1%, anti-reflux 8,8% et antitussifs 1,6%. Le respect de la Conférence de Consensus n'est retrouvé que chez 15,3% des médecins généralistes. Pour expliquer ce résultat, il a été nécessaire de chercher les facteurs susceptibles d'influer sur l'observance des Recommandations.ROUEN-BU Médecine-Pharmacie (765402102) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Design of railway bridges considering life-cycle assessment

The world is currently confronted with the challenge of preventing environmental degradation and resource depletion. To compare the environmental performance of two railway bridge designs, an Excel-based model was developed with implementing a simplified quantitative life-cycle assessment. The model covers the entire life cycle of the bridge, from raw material extraction to construction materials recycling and disposal. Various assumptions are made for selecting the relevant emissions and environmental impacts. A streamlined approach is applied to compare the environmental burden throughout the life cycle of the Banafjäl Railway Bridge. The bridge is a simply supported composite structure carrying one railway track. Two track alternatives are investigated: ballasted track and fixed track. The results show that the environmental impacts of the fixed track alternative are lower than those of the ballasted track alternative. From a sustainable development perspective, it appears that fixed track has a significant advantage as the overall environmental impact is reduced by up to 77%. The raw material phase is found to be decisive in the life cycle of both alternatives. The frequency of track replacement is identified as a key environmental parameter, because the extra environmental burden of traffic delay during bridge closure nearly overwhelmed the other life-cycle stages.QC 20130709. Updated from accepted to published. </p

Monitoring of organic contaminants in raw wastewater by targeted and non-targeted screening: an effective tool for assessing urban metabolism

International audienc

Effects of 6-Week Sling-Based Training of the External-Rotator Muscles on the Shoulder Profile in Elite Female High School Handball Players

International audienc

Mechanical issues of SRF niobium cavities coated by thermal sprayed copper

International audienc

Paradoxical articular manifestations in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases treated with infliximab

International audienceIntroduction Articular involvement is the most common extraintestinal manifestation associated with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Manifestations are `paradoxical' when they occur during treatment, notably with anti-tumor necrosis factor (anti-TNF) drugs, which are expected to prevent or treat them. The aim of this study was to assess the frequency, characteristics, and associated factors of paradoxical articular manifestations in patients with IBD treated with anti-TNF. Patients and methods In this prospective single-center study, an examination by a rheumatologist was systematically offered to all patients with IBD treated with infliximab (IFX) to assess the prevalence of articular manifestations and distinguish between those related to treatment and those associated with intestinal disease. Paradoxical manifestations were defined as the occurrence of articular manifestations (excluding induced lupus and hypersensitivity reactions) during anti-TNF therapy in patients with intestinal remission. Measures of biological inflammatory, immunological markers, HLA-B27 allele, IFX trough levels, and anti-IFX antibody (Ab) were performed for all patients. Results Between May 2013 and April 2014, 65 patients with Crohn's disease and 15 with patients ulcerative colitis treated with IFX were included. The median duration of anti-TNF therapy was 66 months [quartile (Q) 1=23 months-Q3=81 months]. Articular manifestations were observed in 50 (62%) patients treated with IFX. Eleven percent (n=9) were considered to be associated with IBD and 16% (n=13) to be associated with anti-TNF therapy. Among articular manifestations associated with anti-TNF therapy, nine (11%) patients were considered paradoxical, two (2%) as drug-induced lupus, and two (2%) as a hypersensitivity reaction. Among the nine patients with paradoxical manifestations, all had Crohn's disease in clinical remission, three patients presented a spondyloarthropathy, and three developed associated paradoxical psoriasis. No patient discontinued anti-TNF because of the articular manifestations. Methotrexate was effective on articular symptoms in two of the three treated patients with paradoxical manifestations. No clinical or biological factors, including IFX trough levels, were associated with the occurrence of paradoxical manifestations. Conclusion Paradoxical articular manifestations in IBD patients treated by anti-TNF are common, affecting more than 10% of patients. These events are generally mild and do not need discontinuation of anti-TNF therapy. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 28:876-881 Copyright (C) 2016 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved