From city to metropolitan region. Conceptual and critical references to interpret the change

La fluidez del capital en la globalización actual no pasa desapercibida; al tiempo que interviene en la configuración espacial del territorio y en la gestión de las instituciones del poder público, va asemejando las regiones metropolitanas entre sí, debido a la omnipresencia de ciertas “tendencias constitutivas”. De Mattos (2006) aporta cinco tendencias que califican la ciudad como policéntrica, informal / desigual, negocio, del automóvil y artefacto. Tres tendencias adicionales son propuestas desde este artículo con los calificativos: ciudad sin memoria, ciudad malgastada y ciudad orquestada. Como gran conclusión se plantea que el marco de la economía globalizada propicia la desterritorialización del poder; a nivel local, éste se ejerce con laxitud hacia figuras del poder transnacional y se conforma con participar como socio del gran capital interesado en la maximización de plusvalías.The fluidity of capital in today’s globalization has not been unnoticed. While it intervenes in the spatial configuration of the territory and in the management of the institutions of public power, it is making the metropolitan regions resemble between them, due to the omnipresence of certain “constitutive tendencies.” De Mattos (2006) provides five trends that qualify the city as a polycentric, informal / unequal, business oriented, made for the automobile and artifact city. Three additional trends are proposed from this article with the descriptions: city without memory, wasted city and orchestrated city. As a great conclusion, it is argued that the framework of the globalized economy favors the “deterritorialization” of power. At the local level, it is exercised with laxity towards figures of transnational power and agrees to participate as a partner of large capital interested in maximizing surplus values

¿Es posible el desarrollo sostenible? Acercamientos conceptuales a la relación ambiente - desarrollo y economía

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El interés ecológico y el consumo socialmente responsable

En este artículo se examinan con detenimiento dos aspectos ligados a la gestión ambiental: El consumo socialmente responsable, definido por Antil como “aquellos comportamientos y decisiones de compra hechas por los consumidores que ponen en consideración los problemas ambientales y de los recursos y que están motivados no sólo por el deseo de satisfacer las necesidades personales, sino también por un interés ante las posibles consecuencias adversas y sus efectos consecuentes”, y el interés ecológico desde el cual se reconoce que la vida simple ayuda a evitar la degradación ambiental y a preservar los recursos de la tierra para la utilización por parte de los más pobres del mundo y de las generaciones venideras según su necesidad.ABSTRACTThis article thoroughly examines two aspects linked to environmental administration. The first: the socially responsible consumption, defined by Antil as “those behaviors and purchase decisions made by consumers that consideEn este artículo se examinan con detenimiento dos aspectos ligados a la gestión ambiental: El consumo socialmente responsable, definido por Antil como “aquellos comportamientos y decisiones de compra hechas por los consumidores que ponen en consideración los problemas ambientales y de los recursos y que están motivados no sólo por el deseo de satisfacer las necesidades personales, sino también por un interés ante las posibles consecuencias adversas y sus efectos consecuentes”, y el interés ecológico desde el cual se reconoce que la vida simple ayuda a evitar la degradación ambiental y a preservar los recursos de la tierra para la utilización por parte de los más pobres del mundo y de las generaciones venideras según su necesidad.ABSTRACTThis article thoroughly examines two aspects linked to environmental administration. The first: the socially responsible consumption, defined by Antil as “those behaviors and purchase decisions made by consumers that consid

Association between cervical cancer and dietary patterns in Colombia

Cervical cancer is a global public health problem. It is the second leading cause of death among women of childbearing age worldwide. Several factors, including diet, have been shown to influence the risk of persistent HPV infection and tumor progression. This paper determines the relationship between dietary patterns and cervical cancer. It is an ecological study of multiple groups, based on two national sources: the High-Cost Account and the National Survey of Nutritional Situation of Colombia of 2015. The population consisted of 3472 women aged 35 to 64. The incidence of cervical cancer was used as the dependent variable while the independent variables included food consumption according to established patterns, area of residence, age, physical activity, and BMI, among other variables. The statistical analysis performed through associations between variables was evaluated by multiple linear regression using R2. 38.9% of the evaluated population belonged to the first quartile of wealth, and 76.5% resided in the municipal capital. The incidence of cervical cancer in Colombia was associated with being affiliated to a state-subsidized health regime and having diabetes mellitus. A conservative eating pattern, as well as belonging to a rural area, are evidenced as protective factors. These results invite the need to encourage public policies and promote healthy lifestyles

Guías colombianas de electrofisiología no invasiva

Los métodos diagnósticos no invasivos son el pilar inicial del estudio de cualquier paciente con una patología en particular, de ahí que sean los exámenes más solicitados y constituyan una importante carga en costos para un sistema de salud.Q4Guías1-12

Familias, recursos y producciones: de la igualdad virtual a la desigualdad real

Existen indicadores dedicados a las desigualdades sociales de uso generalizado -Coeficiente de Variación, Índice de Atkinson, Índice de Gini- que toman en cuenta el hogar como unidad de análisis y presumen que en su interior no hay desigualdad; así, éstos se colocan de lado de modelos teóricos para el análisis económico de la familia que suponen que ésta es un ámbito de igualdad. Un abordaje diferente considera que en la familia se configura un marco de "conflictos cooperativos" en el cual se emprenden procesos y actividades, donde las des- igualdades pueden determinar aspectos como la toma de decisiones y el trabajo doméstico

El estado civil como determinante del crecimiento de los hogares unipersonales en Colombia

Los hogares unipersonales constituyen un fenómeno socio-demográfico de posguerra en constante crecimiento en todas las sociedades, no obstante su cada vez mayor peso relativo, el conocimiento que se tiene de esta forma de residencia es insuficiente y los factores asociados a su crecimiento han sido poco explorados. Con los datos de los censos de 1993 y 2005 para Colombia se estimaron tasas de crecimiento intercensal de los hogares unipersonales por departamentos y por edades simples, así como de las variables soltería, viudez, divorcio/separación, con este conjunto de datos se estimaron correlaciones y una medida de sensibilidad. Los estados civiles divorcios/separación y viudez presentan la mayor correlación y sensibilidad frente a la variabilidad de los hogares unipersonales en Colombia, constituyéndose en predictores para su estudio. Lo hallado para Colombia contrapone la tradición socio-demográfica que atribuye el crecimiento de los hogares unipersonales al aumento de la soltería —el individualismo—, tal situación invita a repensar los supuestos con los cuales se han teorizado y estudiado este tipo de hogares en especial para América Latina. 

Factors Associated with Dietary Patterns in Colombia

The selection of food depends on various factors such as cultural, social, economic and biological. This paper determines the factors associated with dietary patterns in Colombia. It is an observational, descriptive exploratory study collecting secondary data from the National Survey of Nutritional Status of Colombia (ENSIN, 2015) of 16,216 people between 15 and 64 years of age. The variables were the following: area, age range, sex, educational level, high blood pressure arterial hypertension (HTA), diabetes (DM), cancer, wealth quartile and dietary pattern. For the data analysis, logistic regression models were generated for each pattern and OR was used as a measure of association. Of those studied, 74.6% live in urban areas, all were aged between 15 and 49 years and 45.4% were in the first wealth quartile (Q1). There was a greater probability of traditional and conservative dietary patterns in people with diabetes and hypertension. Consumption of the conservative pattern was associated with being a woman, while consumption of the traditional pattern was associated with people in the first and second wealth level. Consumption of grill/beverage was more likely in men. Socio-demographic factors and chronic non-communicable diseases are associated with dietary patterns. This makes it relevant for health professionals to take into account these characteristics for nutritional interventions

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially

Global economic burden of unmet surgical need for appendicitis

Background There is a substantial gap in provision of adequate surgical care in many low- and middle-income countries. This study aimed to identify the economic burden of unmet surgical need for the common condition of appendicitis. Methods Data on the incidence of appendicitis from 170 countries and two different approaches were used to estimate numbers of patients who do not receive surgery: as a fixed proportion of the total unmet surgical need per country (approach 1); and based on country income status (approach 2). Indirect costs with current levels of access and local quality, and those if quality were at the standards of high-income countries, were estimated. A human capital approach was applied, focusing on the economic burden resulting from premature death and absenteeism. Results Excess mortality was 4185 per 100 000 cases of appendicitis using approach 1 and 3448 per 100 000 using approach 2. The economic burden of continuing current levels of access and local quality was US $92 492 million using approach 1 and$73 141 million using approach 2. The economic burden of not providing surgical care to the standards of high-income countries was $95 004 million using approach 1 and$75 666 million using approach 2. The largest share of these costs resulted from premature death (97.7 per cent) and lack of access (97.0 per cent) in contrast to lack of quality. Conclusion For a comparatively non-complex emergency condition such as appendicitis, increasing access to care should be prioritized. Although improving quality of care should not be neglected, increasing provision of care at current standards could reduce societal costs substantially