The Dietary Intervention of Transgenic Low-Gliadin Wheat Bread in Patients with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) Showed No Differences with Gluten Free Diet (GFD) but Provides Better Gut Microbiota Profile

The study evaluated the symptoms, acceptance, and digestibility of bread made from transgenic low-gliadin wheat, in comparison with gluten free bread, in Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) patients, considering clinical/sensory parameters and gut microbiota composition. This study was performed in two phases of seven days each, comprising a basal phase with gluten free bread and an E82 phase with low-gliadin bread. Gastrointestinal clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, and stool samples were collected for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) determination and the extraction of gut microbial DNA. For the basal and E82 phases, seven and five patients, respectively, showed undetectable GIPs content. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene V1-V2 hypervariable regions were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and downstream analysis was done using a Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline. No significant differences in the GSRS questionnaires were observed between the two phases. However, we observed a significantly lower abundance of some gut genera Oscillospira, Dorea, Blautia, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, and Collinsella, and a significantly higher abundance of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium genera during the E82 phase compared with the basal phase. The consumption of low-gliadin bread E82 by NCGS subjects induced potentially positive changes in the gut microbiota composition, increasing the butyrate-producing bacteria and favoring a microbial profile that is suggested to have a key role in the maintenance or improvement of gut permeability.España, MINECO Projects AGL2013-48946-C3-1-R, AGL2013-48946-C and AGL2016-80566-

Tritordeum breads are well tolerated with preference over gluten-free breads in non-celiac wheat-sensitive patients and its consumption induce changes in gut bacteria

[Backgound] The ingestion of wheat and other cereals are related to several gut disorders. The specific components responsible for non-celiac wheat-sensitivity (NCWS) may include gluten and other compounds. Tritordeum is a new cereal derived from crossing durum wheat with a wild barley species, which differs from bread wheat in its gluten composition. In the present work, we examined the response of NCWS patients to tritordeum bread Gastrointestinal symptoms as well as tritordeum acceptability, gluten immunogenic peptides excretion, and the composition and structure of the intestinal microbiota were evaluated.[Results] Gastrointestinal symptoms of the subjects showed no significant change between the gluten-free bread and the tritordeum bread. Participating subjects rated tritordeum bread higher than the gluten-free bread. Analysis of the bacterial gut microbiota indicated that tritordeum consumption does not alter the global structure and composition of the intestinal microbiota, and only a few changes in some butyrate-producing bacteria were observed. [Conclusions] All the results derived from acceptability, biochemical and microbiological tests suggest that tritordeum may be tolerated by a sub-set of NCWS sufferers who do not require strict exclusion of gluten from their diet. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.This research was funded by Junta de Andalucía, Consejería de Conocimiento, Investigación y Universidad, project AT-5985 and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER)

Caracterización nutricional y agronómica, análisis de la actividad biológica y selección de crucíferas para uso alimentario

La necesidad de valor añadido en la agricultura andaluza unida a la casi inexistente Mejora Genética en algunos géneros de hortícolas de hoja como la rúcula (Eruca), el alto precio de mercado de estos vegetales que lo elevan a un producto gourmet, y los beneficios nutricionales de las crucíferas en la salud humana, hacen de la rúcula un producto clave para un programa de Mejora. En este trabajo se han caracterizado de forma multidisciplinar, entradas pertenecientes a distintas especies y subespecies de Eruca (Eruca stenocarpa, Eruca vesicaria subsp. Longirostris, Eruca vesicaria subsp. vesicaria y Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) comparándolos con variedades testigo comerciales. Las líneas de trabajo y los resultados obtenidos han sido: Caracterización agro-morfológica. La base inicial fue el Descriptor de Eruca recomendado por el IPGRI. A partir del análisis de 15 caracteres agro-morfológicos en una colección constituida por 52 entradas se encontró una gran diversidad, y significativas características morfológicas que distinguieron las entradas entre sí y también entre las especies y subespecies. Algunos de los atributos morfológicos son considerados como marcas de calidad por agricultores (rendimiento, días a floración, actitud de crecimiento de la planta) y consumidores (color, longitud, lobulación y pubescencia de la hoja), por lo que podrían ser de gran interés comercial. Caracterización sensorial. Con base en las normas internacionales (ISO, 2008) relativas al análisis sensorial, se ha desarrollado un vocabulario específico que contribuirá a la caracterización cualitativa de rúcola. El panel sensorial generó 27 descriptores simples clasificados en tres diferentes grupos (7 para apariencia, 14 para sabor y 6 para textura). Con el propósito de relacionar los atributos sensoriales con el contenido en glucosinolatos, que juegan un papel decisivo en las propiedades organolépticas (olor, sabor amargo), se cuantificó el contenido de estos compuestos. Los glucosinolatos mayoritarios fueron la glucorrafanina y la glucosativina. La variabilidad cuantitativa de glucorrafanina encontrada entre las entradas de Eruca vesicaria subesp. vesicaria nos indica que es posible utilizar este material como base para la mejora genética de la especie. La consecuencia de elevar los niveles de glucorafanina aumentaría el interés nutracéutico que puede llegar a tener esta especie, ya que de éste glucosinolato se forma sulforrafano (isotiocianato de la glucorrafanina), con interesantes propiedades anticarcinogénicas. Desde el punto de vista de la calidad nutricional, se llevo a cabo el estudio del contenido en minerales en hojas de Eruca, encontrándose una gran variabilidad entre las entradas para todos los minerales (Cu, Fe, Zn, Mn, Mg, Na, y K) excepto para el contenido en Ca. Asimismo, el estudio indicó que las entradas de Eruca fueron una buena fuente de minerales, particularmente calcio, manganeso, hierro y potasio, lo que sugiere que su consumo diario puede contribuir en un alto porcentaje a los requerimientos diarios de estos minerales a una persona. En relación al contenido en minerales, se ha evaluado el potencial de la Espectroscopía por reflectancia en el infrarrojo cercano (NIRS) para la determinación de la concentración de minerales en rúcola. La conclusión general es que la técnica NIRS puede ser usada en programas de mejora para predecir el contenido en minerales en este cultivo (contenido total, Na, K, Fe, Mg y Zn) siendo las correspondientes a Na y K las de mayor capacidad predictiva. Con el objeto de estudiar el potencial de Eruca como alimento funcional con actividad tumoricida, apoptótica, antimutagénica y antidegenerativa se llevaron a cabo análisis de la actividad biológica in vivo e in vitro con extractos de dicha especie y con el isotiocianato sulforrafano. Para ello, preciamente, se caracterizó el perfil fitoquímico (isotiocianatos, compuestos fenólicos, carotenoides) de cuatro entradas que diferían en su contenido en glucosinolatos, especialmente para su contenido en glucorrafanina. Los resultados indicaron que la actividad in vitro de Eruca frente a líneas tumorales estaba relacionada con el contenido en isotiocianatos así como por la interacción con otros compuestos fitoquímicos como fenoles y carotenoides. Todas las concentraciones de sulforrafano y de extractos de rúcola ensayadas fueron antigenotóxicas en el Test SMART de D. melanogaster, lo que indica una actividad protectora del daño genético. El problema de las crucíferas en uso alimentario es su tendencia a la acumulación de metales(oides), por lo que además se hace necesario el análisis de la evaluación del estrés oxidativo y mutagénico en modelos in vitro e in vivo para confirmar el potencial nocivo que los metal(oides) acumulados en los tejidos pueda ejercer. En este sentido, se ha estudiado la modulación de la genotoxicidad y citotoxicidad por el rábano. Los resultados obtenidos a partir del Test SMART de Drosophila melanogaster y los ensayos de citotoxidad con células tumorales demostraron que las plantas de rábano desarrolladas en suelos contaminados con metal(oides) resultaron genotóxicas y menos citotóxicas que los rábanos desarrollados en suelos no contaminados. Se ha sugerido que los principales agentes moduladores de la actividad genotóxica de las plantas desarrolladas en suelos contaminados con metal(oides) provendrían de la interacción entre los metal(oides) y los isotiocianatos. Este trabajo demostró el valor de las entradas de Eruca caracterizadas como recurs

Rapid and Cost-Effective Quantification of Glucosinolates and Total Phenolic Content in Rocket Leaves by Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy

The potential of visible-near infrared spectroscopy to predict glucosinolates and total phenolic content in rocket (Eruca vesicaria) leaves has been evaluated. Accessions of the E. vesicaria species were scanned by NIRS as ground leaf, and their reference values regressed against different spectral transformations by modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression. The coefficients of determination in the external validation (R2VAL) for the different quality components analyzed in rocket ranged from 0.59 to 0.84, which characterize those equations as having from good to excellent quantitative information. These results show that the total glucosinolates, glucosativin and glucoerucin equations obtained, can be used to identify those samples with low and high contents. The glucoraphanin equation obtained can be used for rough predictions of samples and in case of total phenolic content, the equation showed good correlation. The standard deviation (SD) to standard error of prediction ratio (RPD) and SD to range (RER) were variable for the different quality compounds and showed values that were characteristic of equations suitable for screening purposes or to perform accurate analyses. From the study of the MPLS loadings of the first three terms of the different equations, it can be concluded that some major cell components such as protein and cellulose, highly participated in modelling the equations for glucosinolates.The authors wish to express their thanks to the Project entitled Innovación sostenible en horticultura protegida (PP.AVA.AVA201601.7), FEDER y FSE (Programa Operativo FSE de Andalucia 2007-2013 “Andalucía se mueve con Europa”) for the funding of this research.Peer reviewe

In vivo biological activity of rocket extracts (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell) and sulforaphane

Eruca is thought to be an excellent source of antioxidants like phenolic compounds, carotenoids, glucosinolates and their degradation products, such as isothiocyanates. Sulforaphane is one of the most potent indirect antioxidants of Eruca isolated until the date. In this work we investigate: (i) the safety and DNA protective activity of Eruca extracts and sulforaphane (under and without oxidative stress) in Drosophila melanogaster; and (ii) the influence on D. melanogaster life span treated with Eruca extracts and sulforaphane. Our results showed that among the four concentrations of Eruca extracts tested (from 0.625 to 5. mg/ml), intermediate concentrations of the Es2 accession (1.25 and 2.5. mg/ml) exhibited no genotoxic activity, as well as antigenotoxic activity (inhibition rate of 0.2-0.6) and the lowest concentration of Es2 and Es4 accessions (0.625. mg/ml) also enhanced the health span portion of the live span curves. Sulforaphane presented a high antigenotoxic activity in the SMART test of D. melanogaster and intermediate concentrations of this compound (3.75. μM) enhanced average healthspan. The results of this study indicate the presence of potent antigenotoxic factors in rocket, which are being explored further for their mechanism of action. © 2012 Elsevier Ltd.The authors thank to the Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa (Junta de Andalucía, Spain) for funding the Project P06-AGR-02230.Peer Reviewe

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of metal(oid)s bioactivated in rocket leaves (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa Miller)

Rocket is an important source of essential elements. However, it may also accumulate toxic elements such as metal(oids). The objectives of the present work were (i) to study the uptake of arsenic, lead, cadmium and zinc in rocket grown in contaminated soils, (ii) to establish the genotoxic and cytotoxic activities of this vegetable material, and (iii) to study the modulator role of the glucosinolate and metal contents in the genotoxic/cytotoxic activities. Lead, cadmium and zinc leaf concentrations in our study were over the concentrations allowed by the statutory limit set for metal(oid) contents in vegetables. The accessions were non genotoxic at the different concentrations studied, although one of the accessions showed the highest mutation rates doubling those of negative control. The cytotoxicity assays with HL60 human leukaemia cells showed that the tumouricide activities of rocket leaves decreased with the increasing of metal(oid) concentrations and also with the decreasing of glucosinolate concentrations in their tissues. An interaction between metal(oid)s and glucosinolate degradation products contained in rocket leaves is suggested as the main modulator agents of the biological activity of the plants grown in metal-contaminated soils. © 2013.The authors thank to the Department for Innovation, Science and Business of the Regional Autonomous Government of Andalusia for funding the Project P06-AGR-02230.Peer Reviewe

The dietary intervention of transgenic low-gliadin wheat bread in patients with non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) showed no differences with gluten free diet (GFD) but provides better gut microbiota profile

The study evaluated the symptoms, acceptance, and digestibility of bread made from transgenic low-gliadin wheat, in comparison with gluten free bread, in Non-coeliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) patients, considering clinical/sensory parameters and gut microbiota composition. This study was performed in two phases of seven days each, comprising a basal phase with gluten free bread and an E82 phase with low-gliadin bread. Gastrointestinal clinical symptoms were evaluated using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS) questionnaire, and stool samples were collected for gluten immunogenic peptides (GIP) determination and the extraction of gut microbial DNA. For the basal and E82 phases, seven and five patients, respectively, showed undetectable GIPs content. The bacterial 16S rRNA gene V1-V2 hypervariable regions were sequenced using the Illumina MiSeq platform and downstream analysis was done using a Quantitative Insights into Microbial Ecology (QIIME) pipeline. No significant differences in the GSRS questionnaires were observed between the two phases. However, we observed a significantly lower abundance of some gut genera Oscillospira, Dorea, Blautia, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, and Collinsella, and a significantly higher abundance of Roseburia and Faecalibacterium genera during the E82 phase compared with the basal phase. The consumption of low-gliadin bread E82 by NCGS subjects induced potentially positive changes in the gut microbiota composition, increasing the butyrate-producing bacteria and favoring a microbial profile that is suggested to have a key role in the maintenance or improvement of gut permeability.The Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (Projects AGL2013-48946-C3-1-R, AGL2013-48946-C and AGL2016-80566-P) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) supported this research.Peer reviewe