1,636 research outputs found
Structure of self-assembled Mn atom chains on Si(001)
Mn has been found to self-assemble into atomic chains running perpendicular
to the surface dimer reconstruction on Si(001). They differ from other atomic
chains by a striking asymmetric appearance in filled state scanning tunneling
microscopy (STM) images. This has prompted complicated structural models
involving up to three Mn atoms per chain unit. Combining STM, atomic force
microscopy and density functional theory we find that a simple necklace-like
chain of single Mn atoms reproduces all their prominent features, including
their asymmetry not captured by current models. The upshot is a remarkably
simpler structure for modelling the electronic and magnetic properties of Mn
atom chains on Si(001).Comment: 5 pages, 4 figure
Electronic coupling between Bi nanolines and the Si(001) substrate: An experimental and theoretical study
Atomic nanolines are one dimensional systems realized by assembling many
atoms on a substrate into long arrays. The electronic properties of the
nanolines depend on those of the substrate. Here, we demonstrate that to fully
understand the electronic properties of Bi nanolines on clean Si(001) several
different contributions must be accounted for. Scanning tunneling microscopy
reveals a variety of different patterns along the nanolines as the imaging bias
is varied. We observe an electronic phase shift of the Bi dimers, associated
with imaging atomic p-orbitals, and an electronic coupling between the Bi
nanoline and neighbouring Si dimers, which influences the appearance of both.
Understanding the interplay between the Bi nanolines and Si substrate could
open a novel route to modifying the electronic properties of the nanolines.Comment: 6 pages (main), 2 pages (SI), accepted by Phys. Rev.
Brownian motion meets Riemann curvature
The general covariance of the diffusion equation is exploited in order to
explore the curvature effects appearing on brownian motion over a d-dimensional
curved manifold. We use the local frame defined by the so called Riemann normal
coordinates to derive a general formula for the mean-square geodesic distance
(MSD) at the short-time regime. This formula is written in terms of
invariants that depend on the Riemann curvature tensor. We study the
n-dimensional sphere case to validate these results. We also show that the
diffusion for positive constant curvature is slower than the diffusion in a
plane space, while the diffusion for negative constant curvature turns out to
be faster. Finally the two-dimensional case is emphasized, as it is relevant
for the single particle diffusion on biomembranes.Comment: 16 pages and 3 figure
Axially symmetric membranes with polar tethers
Axially symmetric equilibrium configurations of the conformally invariant
Willmore energy are shown to satisfy an equation that is two orders lower in
derivatives of the embedding functions than the equilibrium shape equation, not
one as would be expected on the basis of axial symmetry. Modulo a translation
along the axis, this equation involves a single free parameter c.If c\ne 0, a
geometry with spherical topology will possess curvature singularities at its
poles. The physical origin of the singularity is identified by examining the
Noether charge associated with the translational invariance of the energy; it
is consistent with an external axial force acting at the poles. A one-parameter
family of exact solutions displaying a discocyte to stomatocyte transition is
described.Comment: 13 pages, extended and revised version of Non-local sine-Gordon
equation for the shape of axi-symmetric membrane
Casimir-like tunneling-induced electronic forces
We study the quantum forces that act between two nearby conductors due to
electronic tunneling. We derive an expression for these forces by calculating
the flux of momentum arising from the overlap of evanescent electronic fields.
Our result is written in terms of the electronic reflection amplitudes of the
conductors and it has the same structure as Lifshitz's formula for the
electromagnetically mediated Casimir forces. We evaluate the tunneling force
between two semiinfinite conductors and between two thin films separated by an
insulating gap. We discuss some applications of our results.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figs, submitted to Proc. of QFEXT'05, to be published in
J. Phys.
The Relationship between Sexual Orientation Outness, Heterosexism, Emotion Dysregulation, and Alcohol Use among Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Emerging Adults
Introduction
Research demonstrates that both proximal personal characteristics (e.g., outness, emotion dysregulation) and distal stressors (e.g., heterosexism) may be associated with harmful alcohol use among lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) individuals. No study has systematically examined the factors linking LGB identity outness to harmful alcohol use. The current cross-sectional study bridges this gap by testing a sequential mediation model wherein heterosexist experiences (HE) and emotion dysregulation (ER) were hypothesized to mediate the relationship between outness and alcohol use. Method
Participants were 264 LGB emerging adults in the age range of 18-29 years (M/SD = 25.46/2.74; 16.7% lesbian, 23.1% gay, 60.2% bisexual). Result
Findings showed that 8.3% scored above a cutoff indicating harmful alcohol use. Findings supported the hypothesized serial mediation linking low levels of outness with harmful alcohol use via HE and ER, with a significant serial indirect effect (B = −.002, CI = −.004 — −.0004) and indirect effects via both HE (B = −.01, CI = −.02 – −.002) and ER (B = −.01, CI = −.02 – −.003). Conclusion
Heterosexist experiences and emotion dysregulation are potential links in the association between outness and harmful alcohol use
Patterns of childhood maltreatment and intimate partner violence, emotion dysregulation, and mental health symptoms among lesbian, gay, and bisexual emerging adults: A three-step latent class approach
Background: Childhood abuse and neglect (CAN) and intimate partner violence victimization (IPV) is prevalent among lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals (LGB). Identification of distinct patterns of childhood and adult victimization, including technology-mediated and face-to-face IPV, and their cumulative relations to mental/behavioral health challenges, among LGB people is needed to facilitate identification of at-risk individuals.
Objective: Using latent class analysis, we first sought to identify patterns of lifetime interpersonal victimization, primarily five types of CAN and IPV in LGB emerging adults. Second, we examined if LGB-status and race/ethnicity predicted classmembership; third, we assessed differences between the latent classes on emotion dysregulation, depressive and anxiety symptoms, and alcohol use. Participants: Participants were 288 LGB adults between 18-29 years (M = 25.35, SD = 2.76; 41.7% gay/lesbian) recruited via Amazon MTurk.
Methods and Results: The 3-step LCA identified five-latent classes: high victimization, childhood emotional abuse and neglect, cybervictimization, adult face-to-face IPV, and lower victimization. People of color (including Hispanics) were more likely to be in the high victimization class, and bisexual individuals, especially bisexual women, in the childhood emotional abuse and neglect class. High victimization and childhood emotional abuse and neglect classes had elevated emotion dysregulation levels and depression and anxiety symptoms, and the high victimization class reported the highest levels of alcohol use.
Conclusion: Findings suggest a detrimental effect of cumulative interpersonal victimization on emotion dysregulation and the mental/behavioral health of LGB emerging adults, with bisexuals and LGB-people of color at heightened risk of cumulative victimization and of related mental/behavioral health challenges
Responses Of Lipids And Lipoproteins Following Acute And Training Resistance Exercise In Obese Postmenopausal Women
A single aerobic session and aerobic training can favorably modify lipids and lipoproteins in postmenopausal women, but the effects of a single resistance exercise session (RE) and resistance training (RT) remain equivocal. PURPOSE: To determine the acute effects of RE and chronic effects of 12 weeks of RT on lipid and lipoprotein-cholesterol concentrations in obese, postmenopausal women. METHODS: Sedentary, obese, non-smoking, postmenopausal women, not taking HRT, were divided into either an exercise group (E, n = 10; age = 65.7 ± 1.8 y; BMI = 32.6 ± 3.5 kg/m2) or control group (C, n = 11; age = 66.1 ± 3.0 y; BMI = 32.9 ± 4.3 kg/m2). Fasting (12 hr) blood samples were collected prior to and 24 hr after the first (BT) and last (AT) exercise session, and at the same time points for C. E performed ten upper and lower body resistance exercises (3 sets, 8 rep/set, 80% 1-RM) 3 times per week for 12 weeks; while C attended education classes twice per week for 12 weeks. Serum was assayed for total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, HDL-C, HDL2-C, HDL3-C concentrations. A 2 x 2 x 2 (group x training period x time) MANOVA was to determine changes in lipid and lipoprotein variables. A 2 x 2 (group x time) repeated measures ANOVA was used to assess body composition. RESULTS: The MANOVA revealed no significant changes in serum lipids or lipoproteins following RE or RT. No changes in body composition were observed post-training (P \u3e 0.05). Variable Pre-BT 24 hr BT Pre-AT 24 hr AT TC (mg/dl) C E 189 ± 28 217 ± 55 205 ± 40 212 ± 49 201 ± 48 207 ± 105 206 ± 42 195 ± 106 Tg (mg/dl) C E 107 ± 42 114 ± 40 96 ± 49 103 ± 25 116 ± 49 129 ± 92 112 ± 45 102 ± 48 LDL-C (mg/dl) C E 112 ± 26 140 ± 51 129 ± 37 137 ± 41 118 ± 40 127 ± 89 124 ± 41 120 ± 88 HDL-C (mg/dl) C E 55 ± 16 55 ± 12 57 ± 14 55 ±16 60 ± 13 53 ± 15 60 ± 16 54 ± 17 HDL2-C (mg/dl) C E 36 ± 12 36 ± 10 35 ± 10 34 ± 13 35 ± 12 33 ± 14 33 ± 16 35 ± 13 HDL3-C (mg/dl) C E 19 ± 9 19 ± 5 21 ± 7 21 ± 6 25 ± 6 20 ± 5 26 ± 6 20 ± 7 CONCLUSION: These data suggest that a single RE session and a 12-week RT program have no effect on lipids and lipoproteins. Compared to the effects of aerobic training, resistance exercise related changes in body composition may be necessary to modify lipids and lipoproteins in obese postmenopausal women
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