Programa de farmacovigilancia sobre un establecimiento farmacéutico de baja complejidad en Samat IPS Pitalito Huila

No aplicaResumen “Cualquiera que sea la localización del centro, la farmacovigilancia debe estar estrechamente afín a la regulación de medicamentos” (S.f.). “Estas reacciones suelen ser graves que no fueron detectadas a tiempo o que no respondieron al tratamiento” (Mogrovejo García & Torres Cueva, 2020). “Es una reacción nociva y no intencionada que se presenta tras la administración de un fármaco, a dosis utilizadas habitualmente en humanos, para prevenir, diagnosticar o tratar una enfermedad o para modificar cualquier función biológica o cualquier alteración de las pruebas de laboratorio se les puede considerar como sospecha de reacción adversa, entre ella tenemos vómito, diarrea” (Programa de farmacovigilancia para el servicio farmacéutico droguería Sol y Luna, s. f.) “La aparición de RAM (reacción adversa de medicamento) de tipo alérgico está influenciada por diferentes factores que dependen del fármaco, del paciente y de otros factores asociados «. De Las Reacciones Adversas” “La clasificación según el intervalo de aparición de la reacción medicamentosa es de gran utilidad clínica, ya que permite orientar el posible mecanismo fisiopatológico y la severidad de la reacción. Se presentan entre 1 y 72 horas tras administrar el fármaco”. “Validación de información, documentación de reacción adversa, intención de información complementaria, transmisión de la información al Programa de farmacovigilancia”. “Importancia del programa de farmacovigilancia para SF y establecimiento farmacéutico. Los programas de farmacovigilancia son de gran importancia porque permiten realizar seguimiento a la calidad y seguridad de los medicamentos utilizados por la población en general bajo condiciones no controlada.” En el marco del funcionamiento de un programa institucional de farmacovigilancia para una IPS de baja complejidad, tiene como objetivo definir los mecanismos para gestionar de manera acertada los riesgos que pueden surgir en SAMAT IPS relacionados con el uso de medicamentos. A través de la detección, evaluación, comprensión y prevención de reacciones adversas, evitando sobrecostos en su tratamiento y daños a la salud por concepto de discapacidad o incapacidad derivados de estos episodios.Abstract “Whatever the location of the center, pharmacovigilance must be closely linked to the regulation of medicines. These reactions are usually serious that were not detected early or did not respond to treatment. It is a harmful and unintended reaction that occurs after the administration of a drug, at doses commonly used in humans, to prevent, diagnose or treat a disease or to modify any biological function or any alteration of laboratory tests can be considered as a suspected adverse reaction, among them we have Vomiting, diarrhea. It is the low threshold for the normal pharmacological action of a drug. The appearance of allergic-type ADRs (adverse drug reaction) is influenced by different factors that depend on the drug, the patient and other associated factors«. Of Adverse Reactions. The classification according to the interval of appearance of the drug reaction is of great clinical utility, since it allows to guide the possible pathophysiological mechanism and the severity of the reaction. They appear between 1 and 72 hours after administering the drug. Validation of information, documentation of adverse reaction, intention of complementary information, transmission of information to the Pharmacovigilance Program. «Importance of the pharmacovigilance program for SF and pharmaceutical establishment. Pharmacovigilance programs are of great importance because they allow monitoring the quality and safety of drugs used by the general population under uncontrolled conditions. Within the framework of the operation of an institutional pharmacovigilance program for a low-complexity IPS, its objective is to define the mechanisms to correctly manage the risks that may arise in SAMAT IPS related to the use of medicines, through the detection, evaluation, understanding and prevention of adverse reactions. Avoiding cost overruns in their treatment and damage to health due to disability or incapacity derived from these episodes

TNF microsatellites polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Confirming evidence in northwestern Colombians

Objective: To examine the contribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) microsatellite (a to e) polymorphism to the genetic risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a northwestern Colombian population. Methods: This was an association study in which 108 RA patients and 222 matched individuals were enrolled. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphisms were evaluated to examine for linkage disequilibrium between these loci and TNF microsatellites. Genotyping was performed using denaturing polyacrylamide gels and polymerase chain reaction-sequence techniques. Results: By unconditional logistic regression analysis, the TNFa6 allele (OR= 2.37, 95%CI 1.07-5.24) and the TNFb4 allele (OR= 3.01, 95%CI 1.07-9.00) were observed to be associated with disease. These associations were independent of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ since linkage disequilibrium between HLA class II and TNF microsatellites was not observed. In addition, patients with the TNFa8 allele had a five times greater risk of developing extra-articular manifestations as compared to patients without this allele (OR = 5.07, 95%CI 1.14-22.52), regardless of age and the duration of disease. Haplotype analysis disclosed a protective effect for TNFa7/b7/c1/d4/e3/-308G/-238G. Conclusion: These results confirm that the TNF locus exerts a primary influence on both susceptibility to and the severity of RA. © Copyright Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2007

TNF microsatellites polymorphism is associated with rheumatoid arthritis. Confirming evidence in northwestern Colombians

Objective: To examine the contribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF) microsatellite (a to e) polymorphism to the genetic risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a northwestern Colombian population. Methods: This was an association study in which 108 RA patients and 222 matched individuals were enrolled. HLA-DRB1 and DQB1 polymorphisms were evaluated to examine for linkage disequilibrium between these loci and TNF microsatellites. Genotyping was performed using denaturing polyacrylamide gels and polymerase chain reaction-sequence techniques. Results: By unconditional logistic regression analysis, the TNFa6 allele (OR= 2.37, 95%CI 1.07-5.24) and the TNFb4 allele (OR= 3.01, 95%CI 1.07-9.00) were observed to be associated with disease. These associations were independent of HLA-DR and HLA-DQ since linkage disequilibrium between HLA class II and TNF microsatellites was not observed. In addition, patients with the TNFa8 allele had a five times greater risk of developing extra-articular manifestations as compared to patients without this allele (OR = 5.07, 95%CI 1.14-22.52), regardless of age and the duration of disease. Haplotype analysis disclosed a protective effect for TNFa7/b7/c1/d4/e3/-308G/-238G. Conclusion: These results confirm that the TNF locus exerts a primary influence on both susceptibility to and the severity of RA. © Copyright Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology 2007

Rheumatoid Arthritis: Clinical and Therapeutic Molecular Basis

Después de rastrear los principios de la artritis reumatoide tan enigmática tanto en su inicio como en su patogénesis se ve cómo poco a poco se gestaron y organizaron una serie de hechos clínicos, de laboratorio y de patología, que la historia y el tiempo se encargaron de unir para poder entender el enigma y la patogénesis de esta enfermedad. La revolución de la medicina molecular, a partir de la década de 1990, empezó a relegar la zaga del empirismo, el terreno de las hipótesis no confirmadas universalmente, para darle paso a los nuevos descubrimientos sobre inmunogenética, biología celular, citoquinas y señales intracelulares, que han permitido un conocimiento más adecuado de la patogénesis de la enfermedad, y así despertar de un letargo que generó en su despertar la terapia biológica

Interlaboratory comparison of a physical and a virtual assembly measured by CT

In a comparison including 20 laboratories, a physical as well as a virtual assembly provided as two data sets were used to investigate measuring and post-processing approaches in Computed Tomography, CT. Different procedures were used in the comparison including one simulating in-line measurement. The comparison demonstrated that: (i) a tangible improvement in the use of CT compared to previous comparisons; (ii) most of the participants were able to reduce their scanning time by more than 70% without increasing the length measurement errors; and (iii) most of the participants can further reduce their uncertainties, thereby reducing the tolerance size that can be inspected using CT in industry

Palladium catalytic systems with hybrid pyrazole ligands in C–C coupling reactions. Nanoparticles versus molecular complexes

International audienceThis paper reports the comparison of the chemoselectivity of two different Pd catalytic systems, namely molecular and colloidal systems, in C–C coupling reactions. For this purpose, new hybrid pyrazole derived ligands containing alkylether, alkylthioether or alkylamino moieties have been synthesized and used to form Pd(II) complexes and to stabilize Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs). With the aim of studying the coordination mode of the ligands and further to understand their role in catalysis, both types of Pd species were characterized by appropriate techniques. In C–C coupling reactions promoted by different Pd colloidal systems, several reports evidenced that active species are molecular catalysts leached from Pd NPs. The most important feature of this work relies on the differences observed in the output of C–C coupling reactions, depending on the colloidal or molecular nature of the catalyst employed. Thus, molecular systems carry out typical Suzuki–Miyaura cross-coupling, together with the dehalogenation of the substrate in different proportions. In contrast, Pd NPs catalyze either Suzuki–Miyaura or C–C homocoupling reactions depending on the haloderivative used. Interestingly, Pd NPs catalyze the quantitative dehalogenation of 4-iodotoluene. Differences observed in the chemoselectivity of these two catalytic systems support that reactions carried out with Pd NPs stabilized with the hybrid pyrazole ligands employed here take place on the surface of the colloids

Unlocking the Microstructure of Inhalation Blends using X-Ray Microscopy

Microstructural equivalence (Q3) for dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is complex because it involves both pre- and post-aerosolization powders and can be influenced by the DPI device and the patient’s aerosolization efficiency. In this paper, we show how advanced 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM, also known as X-ray computed tomography) techniques can provide unique microstructural insights into pre-aerosolized inhalation powders. Nano-scale XRM is used to detect differences within individual lactose particles and agglomerates, including voids and intra-agglomerate size distributions. Micro-scale XRM is used to visualize and quantify lactose fines (<12 mm) within a powder bed. XRM is also used to discriminate between excipient and terbutaline sulphate particles in an inhalation blend. These advanced XRM techniques could provide valuable microstructural information to help address Q3 equivalence during bioequivalence determination in inhalation drug products

Dissimilar catalytic behavior of molecular or colloidal palladium systems with a new NHC ligand

International audienceIn this work, we describe the synthesis of a new N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) ligand, derived from a hybrid pyrazole-imidazolium scaffold, namely 1-[2-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-yl)ethyl]-3-((S)-1-phenylethyl)-3H-imidazol-2-ylidene (L). This ligand has been used as a stabilizer for the organometallic synthesis of palladium(0) nanoparticles (Pd NPs). L presents a better stabilizing effect than its pre-carbenic HLCl counterpart, allowing the formation of isolated Pd NPs while HLCl yields aggregated ones. Additionally, molecular Pd(ii) coordination compounds of L and HLCl were synthesized and characterized to better understand the coordination modes of these ligands. Both molecular and colloidal Pd systems have been further tested in catalytic C-C coupling processes. Three different types of reactions have been observed depending on the catalytic system: (i) the Suzuki-Miyaura reaction takes place with Pd molecular complexes; (ii) a secondary reaction, the dehalogenation of the substrate, is always detected and (iii) the C-C homocoupling between two molecules of bromoarenes is observed with colloidal catalysts

The multiple autoimmune syndromes: A clue for the autoimmune tautology

The multiple autoimmune syndromes (MAS) consist on the presence of three or more well-defined autoimmune diseases (ADs) in a single patient. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and genetic characteristics of a large series of patients with MAS. A cluster analysis and familial aggregation analysis of ADs was performed in 84 patients. A genome-wide microsatellite screen was performed in MAS families, and associated loci were investigated through the pedigree disequilibrium test. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD), and Sjögren's syndrome together were the most frequent ADs encountered. Three main clusters were established. Aggregation for type 1 diabetes, AITD, SLE, and all ADs as a trait was found. Eight loci associated with MAS were observed harboring autoimmunity genes. The MAS represent the best example of polyautoimmunity as well as the effect of a single genotype on diverse phenotypes. Its study provides important clues to elucidate the common mechanisms of ADs (i.e., autoimmune tautology)