Paradigma, ensayo y conclusión: La Casa de Bernard Rudofsky en tres actos

La Casa, —como así fuera bautizada— que Bernard Rudofsky construyó en la costa mediterránea española en 1971 es un estimable caso de estudio sobre las posibilidades operativas de la arquitectura popular en la práctica de la disciplina contemporánea. Es depositaria de referencias teóricas propias del mundo vernáculo, pues su autor, conocido por la exposición Arquitectura sin arquitectos, es emblema de este tipo de arquitectura al que dedicó gran parte de sus esfuerzos como teórico y polemista a lo largo de toda su vida. Además, se trata per se de un singular ensayo cabal de arquitectura, ya que supone una materialización práctica de su comprometida posición teórica. Y, por tanto, de este caso tal vez pueda extraerse alguna conclusión concreta que arroje luz sobre la posible operatividad o no de un tipo de arquitectura que, a pesar de ser habitualmente admirada y elogiada, presenta no pocos escollos para ser continuada en el contexto actual de la disciplina. El texto que se presenta, además, saca a la luz información inédita hallada en los diarios personales del arquitecto y que permite recomponer las circunstancias que rodearon la ideación y construcción de esta particular pieza de arquitectura.La Casa –or in English, the house– that Bernard Rudofsky built on the Spanish Mediterranean coast in 1971 is a valuable case study on the operational possibilities of popular architecture in the practice of this contemporary discipline. It is a repository of theoretical references typical of the vernacular world; its author, known for the exhibition Architecture without Architects, is emblematic of this type of architecture to which he dedicated much of his efforts as a theorist and polemicist throughout the course of his life. Additionally, La Casa is a unique architectural feat as it involves the practical materialization of its implicated theoretical position. It is possible that a concrete conclusion can be drawn from this case, which may shed light on the possible operability of a type of architecture that presents more than a few difficulties for the current context of the discipline, despite being habitually admired and praised. Additionally, the text presented here brings to light unpublished information found in the personal diaries of the architect that allows for the recreation of the circumstances surrounding the ideation and construction of this piece of architecture

Imaginando el reciclaje, reciclando el diseño, diseñando la imagen: la reutilización como estrategia de diseño

Throughout history, recycling has become a solution for product development on several occasions. Beyond the ecological conscience that has been constituted especially from the 60s until the present time, this practice has served to solve different problems: technical, conceptual or even social. During the 20th century some seating furniture was made in which the recycling of materials and parts of objects has given rise to real design milestones and has helped, without being its main purpose, to create a sustainable image. This article attempts to tell the story of these pieces and their ecological context, to show the operation of reuse as a project strategy and as part of a holistic process that seeks to respond to technical, functional and conceptual issues, beyond the merely ecological.A lo largo de la historia, en distintas ocasiones, el reciclaje se ha convertido en solución para el desarrollo de un producto. Más allá de la conciencia ecológica que ha ido constituyéndose especialmente a partir de los años 60 hasta la actualidad, esta práctica ha servido para resolver distintos problemas: técnicos, conceptuales o incluso sociales. Durante el siglo XX se realizaron algunos muebles de asiento en los que el reciclado de materiales y partes de objetos ha dado lugar a verdaderos hitos del diseño y han ayudado, sin ser su finalidad principal, a crear una imagen sostenible. Este artículo trata de narrar la historia de esas piezas y su contexto ecológico, para mostrar la operación de reutilización como estrategia de proyecto y como parte de un proceso holístico que pretende dar respuesta a cuestiones técnicas, funcionales y conceptuales, más allá de las meramente ecológicas

Arquitectura, mobiliario y proyecto pedagógico: El pabellón de la Residencia de Señoritas Estudiantes, 1932-1933

Durante las décadas de 1920 y 1930 se hacen más frecuentes las propuestas de arquitectura europeas que plantean una tipología de mueble multifuncional que complementa y configura el espacio arquitectónico. Algunos arquitectos comienzan a diseñar este mobiliario como signo de modernidad y como una nueva estrategia espacial propia de la arquitectura. Entre ellos se encuentra el arquitecto Carlos Arniches quien diseñó el pabellón de la Residencia de Señoritas Estudiantes como un edificio vanguardista adecuado a la modernidad del proyecto pedagógico de la Junta. Esta investigación analiza esta obra, desde la arquitectura hasta el diseño de mobiliario, como factor potenciador del proyecto pedagógico moderno de la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios, y reconstruye el proceso de creación a partir de los documentos encontrados en el Archivo de la Residencia de Señoritas y las revistas de arquitectura de la época.The debate begun years ago on the relationship between furniture and architecture remains alive during the first decades of the twentieth century. In this context, they are becoming more and more common among the pages of the architectural journals in Europe designs which propose a typology of multifunctional furniture, generated by simple forms based on orthogonal planes that adhere to the new architecture. This furniture has a unique character because of its physical connection with architecture, in which it adopts a non-standard form. Some architects begin to design this type of furniture as a sign of modernity and as a new space strategy proper to architecture. Among this group of architects is Carlos Arniches, architect director of the works of Junta para the Ampliación de Estudios, who is contacted in 1932 by Maria de Maeztu, director of the Residencia de Señoritas, to be in charge of the construction of a new pavilion for students. The architect designed an avant-garde building appropriate to the modernity of the pedagogical project of the Junta. To do this, he proposed an integral project that includes a typology of multifunctional furniture that adapts to the forms of the new architecture. This initiative allowed the residents’ activities to be developed, turning them into the center of the project, following the same formative postulates dictated by the Institución Libre de Enseñanza, based on a comprehensive education. The architect approved the modernity of the pedagogical project of the Junta to apply this European model that incorporates other characteristic styles of the modernity linked to the production and the space. Therefore, this research analyzes the Pavilion of the Residencia de Estudiantes by Arniches, from architecture to furniture design, as an enabler of the modern pedagogical project of the Junta, and reconstruct the creation process from the documents found in the Archive of the Residencia de Señoritas and the architectural journals of the time

Habitar, crear, disfrutar: Villa Gloria de Harnden y Bombelli en Cadaqués (1959)

Peter G. Harnden y Lanfranco Bombelli, los arquitectos responsables de las campañas propagandísticas emprendidas por el gobierno estadounidense por el viejo continente tras la Segunda Guerra Mundial se afincaron en Cadaqués a finales de la década de los cincuenta. Esta singular pareja de apátridas ambulantes dio forma a algunos de los ejemplos de la arquitectura cadaquense del siglo pasado más destacables. El texto que se presenta pretende ahondar en el ejemplo seminal: la propia casa que ambos construyen para sí a su llegada a la pequeña localidad. Un proyecto que posteriormente servirá de modelo para los muchos otros que ambos arquitectos llevarán a cabo para la creciente colonia de extranjeros que arribaba a este mágico rincón de la periferia peninsular. Se piensa que el análisis es pertinente, dado que no se ha llevado con profundidad con anterioridad, y que se justifica además por tratarse de un caso especial de arquitectura equilibrada, de gran solidez en sus principios fundamentales, y difícilmente criticable. Además, en el estudio se desliza una posible caracterización vernácula de esta arquitectura a medio camino entre el discurso de José A. Coderch de “No son genios lo que necesitamos ahora” y el término “regionalismo crítico” de Kenneth Frampton.Peter G. Harnden and Lanfranco Bombelli, the architects responsible for the U.S. government’s post-World War II propaganda campaigns on European soil, settled in Cadaqués in the late 1950s. This peculiar partnership of itinerant stateless people shaped some of the most remarkable examples of Cadaqués’ architecture of the last century. Works that were able to be respectful with the “old” architecture of Cadaqués without renouncing to an uninhibited modernity. The text presented here seeks to delve into the construction that acted as the seed for the rest of his work: the house that both built for themselves upon their arrival in the Spanish small town. A project that would later be the model for several houses that both architects carried out for the growing colony of foreigners that arrived in this magical corner of the peninsular periphery. The analysis is relevant given that none has been carried out in depth before. In addition, it is a unique example of balanced architecture, one of great solidity in its fundamental principles. Finally, the study will remark the vernacular characterization of the presented architecture: a construction halfway between José A. Coderch’s discourse of “It’s not geniuses what we need these days” and Kenneth Frampton’s “critical regionalism.

Thermophysical Characterization of TFSI Based Ionic Liquid and Lithium Salt Mixtures

Este artigo pertence ás actas do The 23rd International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry.[Abstract] The ionic liquids (ILs) doped with metal salts have become a real alternative as electrolytes for batteries, but the right choice of these compounds for reaching the adequate properties and performance is still a challenge, and strategies are therefore needed for achieving it. The thermophysical properties of IL 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide ([bmpyr] [TFSI]) and its mixture with bis-(trifluoromethane)-sulfonimide lithium salt (from 0.1 m to saturation level) were determined in this work. These properties are density (ρ), speed of sound (U), and corresponding derived magnitudes, such as the bulk modulus and the thermal coefficient, as well as electrical conductivity (σ) against temperature. Density shows a linear decreasing dependence with temperature and a clear increase with the addition of salt, whereas the thermal expansion coefficient increases with temperature and salt addition. Speed of sound decreases with both temperature and salt concentration, and the adiabatic compressibility calculated by means of the well-known Laplace equation increases, as expected, with temperature in all the studied cases, although a small variation with concentration was observed. Electrical conductivity increases with temperature following the Vogel–Fulcher–Tammann (VFT) equation and decreases with the addition of salt.This research was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER (Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional) Program through the projects MAT2014-57943-C3-1-P, MAT2014-57943-C3-3-P, MAT2017-89239-C2-1-P as well as by Xunta de Galicia through the GRC (Grupo de Referencia Competitiva) ED431C 2016/001 project, and the Galician Network of Ionic Liquids (ReGaLIs) ED431D 2017/06. P. Vallet and J. J. Parajó are thankful for funding support from the FPI (Formación de Personal Investigador) Program from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities and I2C postdoctoral Program of Xunta de Galicia, respectively.Xunta de Galicia; ED431C 2016/001Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/0

Structural Characterization by NMR Procedure of C₄C₁Pyrr TFSI Doped with Lithium TFSI Salt in Liquid and Gel States

[Abstract] Ionic liquids represent a viable option as electrolytes for electrochemical applications such as energy storage devices, due to their high ionic conductivity and wide electrochemical window. However, liquid electrolytes present important problems of safety and performance, and encapsulation in a solid matrix can be a good solution to improve it. In this work, changes in the structure of the mixtures of ionic liquid 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and lithium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide against the concentration of the salt (0, 0.1, and 1.5 molal), and the effect of nanoconfinement through gelation process were studied using NMR technique.This work was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness and FEDER Program through the projects MAT2014-57943-C3-1-P, MAT2014-57943-C3-3-P, MAT2017-89239-C2-1-P as well as by Xunta de Galicia through GRC ED431C 2020/10 project and the Galician Network of Ionic Liquids (ReGaLIs) ED431D 2017/06. P. Vallet and J. J. Parajó thank funding support of FPI Program from the Spanish Ministry of Science, Education and Universities and I2C postdoctoral Program of Xunta de Galicia, respectivelyXunta de Galicia; ED431C 2020/10Xunta de Galicia; ED431D 2017/0

Multiparametric renal magnetic resonance imaging: A reproducibility study in renal allografts with stable function

Monitoring renal allograft function after transplantation is key for the early detection of allograft impairment, which in turn can contribute to preventing the loss of the allograft. Multiparametric renal MRI (mpMRI) is a promising noninvasive technique to assess and characterize renal physiopathology; however, few studies have employed mpMRI in renal allografts with stable function (maintained function over a long time period). The purposes of the current study were to evaluate the reproducibility of mpMRI in transplant patients and to characterize normal values of the measured parameters, and to estimate the labeling efficiency of Pseudo-Continuous Arterial Spin Labeling (PCASL) in the infrarenal aorta using numerical simulations considering experimental measurements of aortic blood flow profiles. The subjects were 20 transplant patients with stable kidney function, maintained over 1 year. The MRI protocol consisted of PCASL, intravoxel incoherent motion, and T1 inversion recovery. Phase contrast was used to measure aortic blood flow. Renal blood flow (RBF), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), flowing fraction ( f ), and T1 maps were calculated and mean values were measured in the cortex and medulla. The labeling efficiency of PCASL was estimated from simulation of Bloch equations. Reproducibility was assessed with the within-subject coefficient of variation, intraclass correlation coefficient, and Bland-Altman analysis. Correlations were evaluated using the Pearson correlation coefficient. The significance level was p less than 0.05. Cortical reproducibility was very good for T1, D, and RBF, moderate for f , and low for D*, while medullary reproducibility was good for T1 and D. Significant correlations in the cortex between RBF and f (r = 0.66), RBF and eGFR (r = 0.64), and D* and eGFR (r = -0.57) were found. Normal values of the measured parameters employing the mpMRI protocol in kidney transplant patients with stable function were characterized and the results showed good reproducibility of the techniques

Vaginal versus Obstetric Infection Escherichia coli Isolates among Pregnant Women: Antimicrobial Resistance and Genetic Virulence Profile

Vaginal Escherichia coli colonization is related to obstetric infections and the consequent development of infections in newborns. Ampicillin resistance among E. coli strains is increasing, which is the main choice for treating empirically many obstetric and neonatal infections. Vaginal E. coli strains are very similar to extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli with regards to the virulence factors and the belonging to phylogroup B2. We studied the antimicrobial resistance and the genetic virulence profile of 82 E. coli isolates from 638 vaginal samples and 63 isolated from endometrial aspirate, placental and amniotic fluid samples from pregnant women with obstetric infections. The prevalence of E. coli in the vaginal samples was 13%, which was significant among women with associated risk factors during pregnancy, especially premature preterm rupture of membranes (p<0.0001). Sixty-five percent of the strains were ampicillin-resistant. The E. coli isolates causing obstetric infections showed higher resistance levels than vaginal isolates, particularly for gentamicin (p = 0.001). The most prevalent virulence factor genes were those related to the iron uptake systems revealing clear targets for interventions. More than 50% of the isolates belonged to the virulent B2 group possessing the highest number of virulence factor genes. The ampicillin-resistant isolates had high number of virulence factors primarily related to pathogenicity islands, and the remarkable gentamicin resistance in E. coli isolates from women presenting obstetric infections, the choice of the most appropriate empiric treatment and clinical management of pregnant women and neonates should be carefully made. Taking into account host-susceptibility, the heterogeneity of E. coli due to evolution over time and the geographical area, characterization of E. coli isolates colonizing the vagina and causing obstetric infections in different regions may help to develop interventions and avoid the aetiological link between maternal carriage and obstetric and subsequent puerperal infections

‘Physio-EndEA’ Study: A Randomized, Parallel-Group Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Effect of a Supervised and Adapted Therapeutic Exercise Program to Improve Quality of Life in Symptomatic Women Diagnosed with Endometriosis

This research was funded by the Health Institute Carlos III (FEDER funds), grant number PI17/01743, and donations from particular endometriosis women that believed in this project from the beginning. It was also partly supported by funds from the PAIDI group CTS-206 (Oncologia Basica y Clinica). This study takes place thanks to the additional funding from the University of Granada, Plan Propio de Investigacion 2016, Excellence actions: Units of Excellence; Unit of Excellence on Exercise and Health (UCEES).Aim: The ‘Physio-EndEA’ study aims to explore the potential benefits of a therapeutic exercise program (focused on lumbopelvic stabilization and tolerance to exertion) on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of symptomatic endometriosis women. Design: The present study will use a parallel-group randomized controlled trial design. Methods: A total of 22 symptomatic endometriosis women will be randomized 1:1 to the Physio-EndEA or usual care groups. The ‘Physio-EndEA’ program will consist of a one-week lumbopelvic stabilization learning phase followed by an eight-week phase of stretching, aerobic and resistance exercises focused on the lumbopelvic area that will be sequentially instructed and supervised by a trained physiotherapist (with volume and intensity progression) and adapted daily to the potential of each participant. The primary outcome measure is HRQoL. The secondary outcome measures included clinician-reported outcomes (pressure pain thresholds, muscle thickness and strength, flexibility, body balance and cardiorespiratory fitness) and patient-reported outcomes (pain intensity, physical fitness, chronic fatigue, sexual function, gastrointestinal function and sleep quality). Discussion: Findings of this study will help to identify cost-effective non-pharmacological options (such as this exercise-based intervention) that may contribute to the improvement of HRQoL in symptomatic endometriosis women.Health Institute Carlos III (FEDER funds) PI17/01743PAIDI groupUniversity of Granad

Mural Endocarditis: The GAMES Registry Series and Review of the Literature

Spanish Collaboration on Endocarditis—Grupo de Apoyo al Manejo de la Endocarditis infecciosa en España (GAMES).[Introduction] Mural infective endocarditis (MIE) is a rare type of endovascular infection. We present a comprehensive series of patients with mural endocarditis.[Methods] Patients with infectious endocarditis (IE) from 35 Spanish hospitals were prospectively included in the GAMES registry between 2008 and 2017. MIEs were compared to non-MIEs. We also performed a literature search for cases of MIE published between 1979 and 2019 and compared them to the GAMEs series.[Results] Twenty-seven MIEs out of 3676 IEs were included. When compared to valvular IE (VIE) or device-associated IE (DIE), patients with MIE were younger (median age 59 years, p < 0.01). Transplantation (18.5% versus 1.6% VIE and 2% DIE, p < 0.01), hemodialysis (18.5% versus 4.3% VIE and 4.4% DIE, p = 0.006), catheter source (59.3% versus 9.7% VIE and 8.8% DIE, p < 0.01) and Candida etiology (22.2% versus 2% DIE and 1.2% VIE, p < 0.01) were more common in MIE, whereas the Charlson Index was lower (4 versus 5 in non-MIE, p = 0.006). Mortality was similar. MIE from the literature shared many characteristics with MIE from GAMES, although patients were younger (45 years vs. 56 years, p < 0.001), the Charlson Index was lower (1.3 vs. 4.3, p = 0.0001), catheter source was less common (13.9% vs. 59.3%) and there were more IVDUs (25% vs. 3.7%). S. aureus was the most frequent microorganism (50%, p = 0.035). Systemic complications were more common but mortality was similar.[Conclusion] MIE is a rare entity. It is often a complication of catheter use, particularly in immunocompromised and hemodialysis patients. Fungal etiology is common. Mortality is similar to other IEs.Peer reviewe