Participación de las empresas mexicanas en responsabilidad social empresarial: El caso de las multinacionales del sector automóvil

Keywords. Automobile sector, Mexico, social responasabilityAbstract: In present day of globalization, taking into account the commitments that Mexico faces with regards to its recent commercial treaties, and given the opportunities offered, it is crucial to construct a vision for the country based upon solid fundamentals of confidence and cohesion which are directly related to social responsibility, the basic piece in promoting competitiveness.This in turn requires long terms policies which allow the betterment of productivity in a sustainable form and which allow the incorporation of new conditions for sustainable development, requirements that the very markets impose upon in the global sphere. Sustainable development not only takes into account the environmental conditions and natural resource protection, but alsosocial sustainability within both internal as well as external environment of the company thereby justifying its commitment with regards to the society. Much has been discussed on the commitments of multinational companies which are obligated to perform within the framework of social responsibility and whether this type of commitments are also associated with multinational companies in Mexico.Palabras claves. Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, Sector automóvil, MéxicoResumen: En los actuales tiempos de globalización, teniendo en cuenta los compromisos que asume México frente a sus recientes acuerdos comerciales, y las oportunidades que se le abren, es importante la construcción de una visión de país, basada en sólidos lazos de confianza y cohesión que estén estrechamente vinculados con la RSE, pieza clave en el fortalecimiento de lacompetitividad que requiere políticas a largo plazo que mejoren la productividad en forma sostenida, pero también que incorporen las nuevas condiciones del desarrollo sustentable. Exigencias que los propios mercados imponen en la esfera mundial. Un desarrollo sustentable toma en consideración no sólo las condiciones ambientales y de protección de los recursos naturales, sino también la sustentabilidad social en el ambiente interno y externo de la empresajustificando su compromiso hacia la socieda

Estrategias de retención de empleados eficientes: Importancia estratégica de la fidelización de los empleados en organizaciones internacionales.

Abstract. In any international organization, mainly those that try to survive in a global labor market plagued of massive dismissals and intense competitiveness, it is consider natural that the same organizations design strategies focus to retention of their best employees in any field of economic activities, without forgetting that those that keep their employees, their employees are constantlylooking for better labor atmospheres and demand agreements to improve its wages around of the world.Keywords: Labor market, retention, global organizations, salariesResumen. En cualquier organización internacional, sobre todo aquellas que llegan a sobrevivir en un ambiente global laboral plagado de despidos masivos y alta competitividad, es natural que las mismas organizaciones establezcan acciones estrategias orientadas a la retención de sus mejores empleados en cualquiera de los campos de actividades económicas, sin olvidar que losque los empleados que conserven sus empleados, también se encontraran en posición de demandar mejores ambientes laborales y demandar acuerdos para mejorar sus salarios en cualquier parte del mundo.Palabras clave: Mercado laboral, retención, organizaciones globales, salario

Fundamentos teóricos de la creación de un modelo de adquisición corporativa internacional: Caso de las principales empresas de Nuevo León

The importance to propose a success Model in the international corporate acquisitions consists of offering to the important Mexican firms the factors that will allow having greater success with the international investments. In this research we selected four of the most important firms of Nuevo Leon that have important experience with international acquisitions and present them thequestionnaire that was designed to validate the variables of the Model. In this paper we present the theories that give the theoretical foundations to the variables of the proposed Model that consist of 6 variables or key success factors that need to be considered for an international acquisitions, which are: Country Knowledge, Industry Knowledge, Customer relationship, Supplier relationship, Technology and Market.La importancia de proponer un Modelo de éxito en las adquisiciones corporativas internacionales consiste en ofrecerles a las grandes empresas mexicanas los factores que les permitirán tener un mayor éxito con sus inversiones en el extranjero. Para esta investigación se seleccionaron a cuatro de las empresas más importantes de Nuevo León y que tienen unaexperiencia importante con sus adquisiciones internacionales por lo que se les entregó el cuestionario que fue diseñado para validar las variables del Modelo. En este artículo se presentan las teorías que le dan el fundamento teórico a las variables del Modelo propuesto que se integra de 6 variables o factores de éxito que deben de ser considerados para una adquisición internacional, los cuales son: Conocimiento del País, Conocimiento de la Industria, Relación conClientes, Relación con Proveedores, Tecnología y Cuota de Mercado.

Solar neutrino detection sensitivity in DARWIN via electron scattering

We detail the sensitivity of the proposed liquid xenon DARWIN observatory to solar neutrinos via elastic electron scattering. We find that DARWIN will have the potential to measure the fluxes of five solar neutrino components: pp, 7Be, 13N, 15O and pep. The precision of the13N, 15O and pep components is hindered by the doublebeta decay of 136Xe and, thus, would benefit from a depleted target. A high-statistics observation of pp neutrinos would allow us to infer the values of the electroweak mixing angle,sin2 θw, and the electron-type neutrino survival probability, Pee, in the electron recoil energy region from a few keV up to 200keV for the first time, with relative precision of 5% and 4%, respectively, with 10 live years of data and a 30 tonne fiducial volume. An observation of pp and 7Be neutrinos would constrain the neutrino-inferred solar luminosity down to 0.2%. A combination of all flux measurements would distinguish between the high- (GS98) and low-metallicity (AGS09) solar models with 2.1–2.5σ significance, independent of external measurements from other experiments or a measurement of8B neutrinos through coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering in DARWIN. Finally, we demonstrate that with a depleted target DARWIN may be sensitive to the neutrino capture process of 131Xe

Polymorphism of the 3′-Untranslated Region of the Leptin Receptor Gene, but Not the Adiponectin <i>SNP45</i> Polymorphism, Predicts Type 2 Diabetes

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Diseños experimentales e investigación científica

Key words: Design, experiment, research, scienceAbstract. The basics of the experimental designs are noted. Different features of common types of experimental designs such as the completely randomized design, the randomized block design, the Latin Square design, the split plot design and the factorial design are described. Each experimental design is illustrated by an example using real data. The application of experimental designs to the scientific research is discussed.Palabras claves: Ciencia, diseño, experimento, investigaciónResumen. Se describen los fundamentos de los diseños experimentales. Se explican las distintas características de los diseños experimentales del uso común, tales como el diseño completamente aleatorio, e diseño de bloques al azar, el diseño de cuadro latino, el diseño de parcelas divididas y el de factorial. Para cada diseño se presenta un ejemplo con los datos reales del campo. Se discute la aplicación de estos diseños en relación con la investigación científica

Estrategias de retención de empleados eficientes: Importancia estratégica de la fidelización de los empleados en organizaciones internacionales. Efficient employee’s retention strategies: The importance of employee fidelity in international organizations

Abstract. In any international organization, mainly those that try to survive in a global labor market plagued of massive dismissals and intense competitiveness, it is consider natural that the same organizations design strategies focus to retention of their best employees in any field of economic activities, without forgetting that those that keep their employees, their employees are constantly looking for better labor atmospheres and demand agreements to improve its wages around of the world. Resumen. En cualquier organización internacional, sobre todo aquellas que llegan a sobrevivir en un ambiente global laboral plagado de despidos masivos y alta competitividad, es natural que las mismas organizaciones establezcan acciones estrategias orientadas a la retención de sus mejores empleados en cualquiera de los campos de actividades económicas, sin olvidar que los que los empleados que conserven sus empleados, también se encontraran en posición de demandar mejores ambientes laborales y demandar acuerdos para mejorar sus salarios en cualquier parte del mundo

Build orientation optimization problem in additive manufacturing

Additive manufacturing (AM) is an emerging type of production technology to create three-dimensional objects layer-by-layer directly from a 3D CAD model. AM is being extensively used by engineers and designers. Build orientation is a critical issue in AM since it is associated with the object accuracy, the number of supports required and the processing time to produce the object. Finding the best build orientation in the AM will reduced significantly the building costs and will improve the object accuracy. This paper presents an optimization approach to solve the part build orientation problem considering the staircase effect, support area characteristics and the build time. Two global optimization methods, the Electromagnetism-like and the Stretched Simulated Annealing algorithms, are used to study the optimal orientation of four models. Preliminary experiments show that both optimization methods can effectively solve the build orientation problem in AM, finding several global solutions.This work has been supported and developed under the FIBR3D project - Hybrid processes based on additive manufacturing of composites with long or short fibers reinforced thermoplastic matrix (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-016414), supported by the Lisbon Regional Operational Programme 2020, under the PORTUGAL 2020 Partnership Agreement, through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF). This work was also supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Restricted Outbreak of American Tegumentary Leishmaniasis with high microfocal transmission

Cutaneous leishmaniasis is endemic in Salta, the northwestern province of Argentina. We describe an outbreak involving five recreational hunters whose exposure was limited to several hours in a residual patch of primary forest. All patients presented with typical cutaneous lesions after a mean incubation period of 59 days (range 15–78), and one developed simultaneous mucosal involvement. Polymerase chain reaction analysis of lesions confirmed Leishmania (V.) braziliensis as the etiologic agent in three cases. All patients were cured with anti-Leishmania treatment. Entomologic surveys in the transmission area revealed a predominance of Lutzomyia neivai. This outbreak report confirms a microfocal transmission pattern of tegumentary leishmaniasis in the Americas and based on a well-determined exposure, allows the determination of incubation times for leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania braziliensis.Fil: Krolewiecki, Alejandro Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Salta. Instituto de Patología Experimental; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Gil, José Fernando. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigación de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Quipildor, Marcelo. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Hospital San Vicente de Paul; ArgentinaFil: Cajal, Silvana P.. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Pravia, Carlos Alberto. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Marisa. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Villalpando, Carlos. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Locatelli, Fabricio M.. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; ArgentinaFil: Chanampa, Mariana del Milagro. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Castillo, Gabriela. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Oreste, Maria Fernanda. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Hoyos, Carlos Lorenzo. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Negri, Vanesa. Dirección Nacional de Instituto de Investigación. Administración Nacional de Laboratorio e Instituto de Salud. Instituto Nacional de Parasitología; ArgentinaFil: Nasser, Julio Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Salta. Sede Regional Oran. Instituto de Investigacion de Enfermedades Tropicales; Argentin

Prevalence of anemia and deficiency of iron, folic acid, and zinc in children younger than 2 years of age who use the health services provided by the Mexican Social Security Institute

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>In Mexico, as in other developing countries, micronutrient deficiencies are common in infants between 6 and 24 months of age and are an important public health problem. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of anemia and of iron, folic acid, and zinc deficiencies in Mexican children under 2 years of age who use the health care services provided by the Mexican Institute for Social Security (IMSS).</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>A nationwide survey was conducted with a representative sample of children younger than 2 years of age, beneficiaries, and users of health care services provided by IMSS through its regular regimen (located in urban populations) and its Oportunidades program (services offered in rural areas). A subsample of 4,955 clinically healthy children was studied to determine their micronutrient status. A venous blood sample was drawn to determine hemoglobin, serum ferritin, percent of transferrin saturation, zinc, and folic acid. Descriptive statistics include point estimates and 95% confidence intervals for the sample and projections for the larger population from which the sample was drawn.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Twenty percent of children younger than 2 years of age had anemia, and 27.8% (rural) to 32.6% (urban) had iron deficiency; more than 50% of anemia was not associated with low ferritin concentrations. Iron stores were more depleted as age increased. Low serum zinc and folic acid deficiencies were 28% and 10%, respectively, in the urban areas, and 13% and 8%, respectively, in rural areas. The prevalence of simultaneous iron and zinc deficiencies was 9.2% and 2.7% in urban and rural areas. Children with anemia have higher percentages of folic acid deficiency than children with normal iron status.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Iron and zinc deficiencies constitute the principal micronutrient deficiencies in Mexican children younger than 2 years old who use the health care services provided by IMSS. Anemia not associated with low ferritin values was more prevalent than iron-deficiency anemia. The presence of micronutrient deficiencies at this early age calls for effective preventive public nutrition programs to address them.</p