Creación de la “Marca Ciudad Cascas” para incentivar el turismo interno en el distrito de Cascas, provincia de Gran Chimú 2015

La presente tesis tiene como propósito proponer la “creación de la Marca Cascas para incentivar el turismo interno en el Distrito de Cascas Provincia de Gran Chimú 2015”. Así como el determinar un flujo de turistas nacionales y extranjeros dentro del periodo 2012-2014 y; una eventual proyección del mismo. Luego se elabora un inventario de recursos turísticos de la Ciudad de Cascas, para determinar la identidad e imagen de la marca Ciudad de Cascas. Posteriormente defino la plataforma mediática con la finalidad de difundir los atractivos turísticos de dicho distrito, con el inventario de bienes turísticos. De este modo se propone la puesta en valor sus atractivos turísticos, coadyuvando de esta manera el desarrollo de la industria del turismo, el desarrollo de la infraestructura hotelera y redunde en una mejor calidad de vida para sus pobladores. La metodología utilizada en el desarrollo de la presente investigación ha sido el Método de Análisis y el Método de Síntesis. Finalmente el resultado final de la presente investigación arroja que el concepto de marca Ciudad contribuye al incremento del turismo a la Ciudad de Cascas. El trabajo en mención es novedoso y único en su género, pues no existen investigaciones de este tipo y, sirve de base para futuros estudios en la Ciudad de Cascas.This thesis aims to propose the "branding Cascas to encourage domestic tourism in the District of Cascas province Gran Chimú 2015". As well as determining a flow of domestic tourists and foreigners within the period 2012-2014 and; a possible projection of the same. Then prepares an inventory of tourism resources of the city of Cascas, to determine the identity and image of the brand city of Cascas. Then I define the media platform in order to promote the tourist attractions in the district, with the inventory of tourist goods. Thus proposes the enhancement its tourist attractions, contributing in this way the development of the industry of tourism, the development of the hotel infrastructure and result in a better quality of life for its inhabitants. The methodology used in the development of the present investigation has been the Method of Analysis and the Method of Synthesis. The work in mention is novel and unique in its kind, because there are no investigations of this type, and will form the basis for future studies in the city of CascasTesi

In silico study on the effects of matrix structure in controlled drug release

Purpose: To study the effects of drug concentration and spatial distribution of the medicament, in porous solid dosage forms, on the kinetics and total yield of drug release. Methods: Cubic networks are used as models of drug release systems. They were constructed by means of the dual site-bond model framework, which allows a substrate to have adequate geometrical and topological distribution of its pore elements. Drug particles can move inside the networks by following a random walk model with excluded volume interactions between the particles. The drug release time evolution for different drug concentration and different initial drug spatial distribution has been monitored. Results: The numerical results show that in all the studied cases, drug release presents an anomalous behavior, and the consequences of the matrix structural properties, i.e., drug spatial distribution and drug concentration, on the drug release profile have been quantified. Conclusions: The Weibull function provides a simple connection between the model parameters and the microstructure of the drug release device. A critical modeling of drug release from matrix-type delivery systems is important in order to understand the transport mechanisms that are implicated, and to predict the effect of the device design parameters on the release rate.Fil: Villalobos, Rafael. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Cordero, Salomón. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Vidales, Ana Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez, Armando. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Méxic

Effect of the drug-excipient ratio in matrix-type-controlled release systems: Computer simulation study

The main objective of this work is to study the drug release behavior from inert matrix systems by using computer simulation. This study allowed us to propose a new statistical method to evaluate the drug percolation threshold as a function of the exposed surface area of the device. The matrix system was simulated as a simple cubic lattice. The sites of the lattice were randomly occupied at various drug-excipient ratios. By simulating a diffusive process, the drug was delivered from the matrix system. The obtained release profiles were fitted to two different models: near the excipient percolation threshold, the square root of the time was well fitted, whereas close to (but above) the drug percolation threshold, the power law described accurately the release data. A relationship between the initial drug load and the amount of drug trapped inside the matrix system at infinite time was found. This relationship was conveniently described by an error function. Percolation thresholds in the matrix systems were determined from the latter relationship by using a nonlinear regression method. The assessment of percolation thresholds depends on the exposed surface area of the matrix systems. Moreover, estimated percolation thresholds were in agreement with the predicted values stated in the percolation theory.Fil: Villalobos, Rafael. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Ganem, Adriana. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Cordero, Salomón. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Vidales, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich". Universidad Nacional de San Luis. Facultad de Ciencias Físico Matemáticas y Naturales. Instituto de Física Aplicada "Dr. Jorge Andrés Zgrablich"; ArgentinaFil: Domínguez, Armande. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Méxic

Monte carlo simulation of diffusion-limited drug release from finite fractal matrices

How fast can drug molecules escape from a controlled matrix-type release system? This important question is of both scientific and practical importance, as increasing emphasis is placed on design considerations that can be addressed only if the physical chemistry of drug release is better understood. In this work, this problem is studied via Monte Carlo computer simulations. The drug release is simulated as a diffusion-controlled process. Six types of Menger sponges (all having the same fractal dimension, d f = 2.727, but with different values of random walk dimension, d w ∈ [2.028, 2.998]) are employed as models of drug delivery devices with the aim of studying the consequences of matrix structural properties (characterized by d f and d w ) on drug release performance. The results obtained show that, in all cases, drug release from Menger sponges follows an anomalous behavior. Finally, the influence of the matrix structural properties on the drug release profile is quantified.Fil: Villalobos, Rafael. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Vidales, Ana Maria. Universidad Nacional de San Luis; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - San Luis; ArgentinaFil: Cordero, Salomón. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Quintanar, David. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; MéxicoFil: Domínguez, Armando. Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana; Méxic

Salud Mental y Desarrollo Humano: La complejidad de la Práctica del Trabajo Social

Políticas sociales sectoriales Publicación anual de la Facultad de Trabajo Social y Desarrollo Humano de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo LeónLa revista arbitrada POLÍTICAS SOCIALES SECTORIALES publica en esta edición 63 interesantes artículos que se complace en poner a consideración de la comunidad académica, científica y del público en general. Todos los trabajos que configuran este número fueron presentados en el marco de un importante evento internacional que conjuga las políticas sociales sectoriales, la investigación e intervención en trabajo social –el cual constituye un hito trascendental en el aporte al desarrollo social y bienestar de la población--, y escogidos para su publicación por su calidad científica y/o académica, a través del escrutinio y dictaminación de un Comité Editorial Científico que se configuró para tal efecto. Los artículos están realizados por investigadores, docentes y profesionales interesados en la investigación, las políticas sociales y la construcción del bienestar social, así como en difundir el conocimiento. Para su mejor comprensión, el contenido se divide en diez ejes estructurales: Familia y Género, Grupos Vulnerables, Educación, Salud, Intervención Social, Vivienda y Desarrollo Urbano, Pobreza y Desarrollo Humano, Empleo y Trabajo Social y Políticas Sociales. Esperamos que la lectura de estos documentos estimule la reflexión y el debate, a fin de favorecer el desarrollo y aplicación del conocimiento científico-social. Así mismo, agradecemos y felicitamos a los autores por su invaluable contribución y los invitamos a seguir participando, pues la publicación es uno de los medios más importantes para la difusión del saber.Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Facultad de Trabajo Social y Desarrollo Humano

Network models of soil porous structure

Soils sustain life on Earth. In times of increasing anthropogenic demands on soils [1] there is growing need to seek for novel approaches to understand the relationships between the soil porous structure and specific soil functions. Recently [2-4], soil pore structure was described as a complex network of pores using spatially embedded varying fitness network model [2] or heterogeneous preferential attachment scheme [3-4], both approaches revealing the apparent scale-free topology of soils. Here, we show, using a large set of soil images of structures obtained by X-ray computed tomography that both methods predict topological similar networks of soil pore structures. Furthermore, by analyzing the node-node link correlation properties of the obtained networks we suggest an approach to quantify the complexity of soil pore structur

Manejo odontológico integral de paciente con antecedentes de ictus cerebral. Reporte de un caso

Introduction: Stroke are a set of pathologies which affect the blood vessels that supply the blood to the brain causing an alteration of the function of a certain region. The group of pathologies are popularly known as embolisms or strokes and are suddenly manifested. These disorders have in common their abrupt presentation and usually affect older people; although, they can also be presented in youth. Objective: To introduce to health professionals the implications and consequences that should be taken in the habitual dental practice and at the time of using treatments such as fixed prosthetic rehabilitation or the placement of dental implants in patients with heart disease, in order to avoid accidents and prevent postoperative hemorrhages. Results: Satisfactory esthetic and functional results were obtained in the surgical and oral rehabilitation treatments carried out to the patient. Conclusions: Due to the risk of stroke, the patients are usually subjected to antiplatelet therapy, whose side effect is the tendency to bleed. Therefore, it is important to carry out a multidisciplinary management with the specialist doctor when using surgical treatments in this type of patients in order to avoid complications and obtain adequate results

Community Structure in Soil Porous System

Diffusion controls the gaseous transport process in soils when advective transport is almost null. Knowledge of the soil structure and pore connectivity are critical issues to understand and modelling soil aeration, sequestration or emission of greenhouse gasses, volatilization of volatile organic chemicals among other phenomena. In the last decades these issues increased our attention as scientist have realize that soil is one of the most complex materials on the earth, within which many biological, physical and chemical processes that support life and affect climate change take place. A quantitative and explicit characterization of soil structure is difficult because of the complexity of the pore space. This is the main reason why most theoretical approaches to soil porosity are idealizations to simplify this system. In this work, we proposed a more realistic attempt to capture the complexity of the system developing a model that considers the size and location of pores in order to relate them into a network. In the model we interpret porous soils as heterogeneous networks where pores are represented by nodes, characterized by their size and spatial location, and the links representing flows between them. In this work we perform an analysis of the community structure of porous media of soils represented as networks. For different real soils samples, modelled as heterogeneous complex networks, spatial communities of pores have been detected depending on the values of the parameters of the porous soil model used. These types of models are named as Heterogeneous Preferential Attachment (HPA). Developing an exhaustive analysis of the model, analytical solutions are obtained for the degree densities and degree distribution of the pore networks generated by the model in the thermodynamic limit and shown that the networks exhibit similar properties to those observed in other complex networks. With the aim to study in more detail topological properties of these networks, the presence of soil pore community structures is studied. The detection of communities of pores, as groups densely connected with only sparser connections between groups, could contribute to understand the mechanisms of the diffusion phenomena in soils

Multiscaling of soils as heterogeneous complex networks

In this paper we present a complex network model based on a heterogeneous preferential attachment scheme to quantify the structure of porous soils. Under this perspective pores are represented by nodes and the space for the flow of fluids between them is represented by links. Pore properties such as position and size are described by fixed states in a metric space, while an affinity function is introduced to bias the attachment probabilities of links according to these properties. We perform an analytical study of the degree distributions in the soil model and show that under reasonable conditions all the model variants yield a multiscaling behavior in the connectivity degrees, leaving a empirically testable signature of heterogeneity in the topology of pore networks. We also show that the power-law scaling in the degree distribution is a robust trait of the soil model and analyze the influence of the parameters on the scaling exponents. We perform a numerical analysis of the soil model for a combination of parameters corresponding to empirical samples with different properties, and show that the simulation results exhibit a good agreement with the analytical predictions

ACTIVATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMIC– PITUITARY–ADRENAL AXIS INDUCES THE DIFFERENTIAL RELEASE OF PRO– INFLAMMATORY CYTOKINES IN BALB/C MICE

Physiological processes are associated with interactions between the nervous, endocrine and immune systems, which communicate through neurotransmitters, hormones and cytokines. The key to this communication is the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis which can be activated by stress and pro–inflammatory cytokines. We have investigated the effects of acute and chronic stress on the release of pro–inflammatory cytokines through activation of the HPA axis. Accordingly, BALB/c mice were exposed to acute stress through the single application of bi–frontal electrical stimulation (ESa, 20V/10 mA/0.05s) and the effect produced by a single i.p. dose of Lipopolysacharide (LPS) (250 μg/100g). Chronic stress was (ESc) induced by applying the electrical stimulus to the animals in the same way for 7 consecutive days, as well as the effects of ascending LPS administration over 7 days (35–250 μg/100g i.p./day). Following stimulation, the levels of pro–inflammatory cytokines and corticosterone were quantified by ELISA. Unlike LPS that provoked an increase in TNF–α, IL–1β, IL–6, and corticosterone levels, acute electrical stress did not induce any change in the levels of pro–inflammatory cytokines or corticosterone. In contrast, chronic ESc stress produced an increase in the levels of TNF–α, while in the animals treated with LPS the IL–6 levels increased. These data suggest that the response of the HPA axis to stress depends on the duration, intensity and etiology of the stress agent, also suggest a suitable model for the evaluation of drugs with potential effect on inflammatory stress