Protocol de prevenció i control de l’escabiosi (sarna)

Escabiosi; Prevenció i control; TractamentEscabiosis; Prevención y control; TratamientoScabiosis; Prevention and control; TreatmentProtocol per als professionals d’epidemiologia i per als professionals assistencials que hagin de gestionar l’existència de casos i/o de brots epidèmics de sarna en qualsevol àmbit (familiar, escolar, centres sanitaris, institucions tancades, etc.)

Protocol de prevenció i control de l’escabiosi (sarna)

Escabiosi; Prevenció i control; TractamentEscabiosis; Prevención y control; TratamientoScabiosis; Prevention and control; TreatmentProtocol per als professionals d’epidemiologia i per als professionals assistencials que hagin de gestionar l’existència de casos i/o de brots epidèmics de sarna en qualsevol àmbit (familiar, escolar, centres sanitaris, institucions tancades, etc.)

Detection of norovirus in saliva samples from acute gastroenteritis cases and asymptomatic subjects : Association with age and higher shedding in stool

Norovirus infections are a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide and across all age groups, with two main genogroups (GI and GII) infecting humans. The aim of our study was to investigate the occurrence of norovirus in saliva samples from individuals involved in outbreaks of acute gastroenteritis in closed and semiclosed institutions, and its relationship with the virus strain, virus shedding in stool, the occurrence of symptoms, age, and the secretor status of the individual. Epidemiological and clinical information was gathered from norovirus outbreaks occurring in Catalonia, Spain during 2017-2018, and stool and saliva samples were collected from affected and exposed resident individuals and workers. A total of 347 saliva specimens from 25 outbreaks were analyzed. Further, 84% of individuals also provided a paired stool sample. For GII infections, norovirus was detected in 17.9% of saliva samples from symptomatic cases and 5.2% of asymptomatic individuals. Positivity in saliva occurred in both secretors and nonsecretors. None of the individuals infected by norovirus GI was positive for the virus in saliva. Saliva positivity did not correlate with any of the studied symptoms but did correlate with age ≥ 65 years old. Individuals who were positive in saliva showed higher levels of virus shedding in stool. Mean viral load in positive saliva was 3.16 ± 1.08 log10 genome copies/mL, and the predominance of encapsidated genomes was confirmed by propidium monoazide (PMA)xx-viability RTqPCR assay. The detection of norovirus in saliva raises the possibility of oral-to-oral norovirus transmission during the symptomatic phase and, although to a lesser extent, even in cases of asymptomatic infections

Protocol de prevenció i control de l’escabiosi (sarna)

Escabiosi; Prevenció i control; TractamentEscabiosis; Prevención y control; TratamientoScabiosis; Prevention and control; TreatmentProtocol per als professionals d’epidemiologia i per als professionals assistencials que hagin de gestionar l’existència de casos i/o de brots epidèmics de sarna en qualsevol àmbit (familiar, escolar, centres sanitaris, institucions tancades, etc.)

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on Sexually Transmitted Infections surveillance data : incidence drop or artefact?

Altres ajuts: Fundacion Alfonso Martin Escudero and the Medical Research Council (grant numbers MR/K501256/1, MR/N013468/1).Background: Before the COVID-19 pandemic, Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) were increasing in Europe, and Spain and Catalonia were not an exception. Catalonia has been one of the regions with the highest number of COVID-19 confirmed cases in Spain. The objective of this study was to estimate the magnitude of the decline, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, in the number of STI confirmed cases in Catalonia during the lockdown and de-escalation phases. Methods: Interrupted time series analysis was performed to estimate the magnitude of decline in the number of STI reported confirmed cases - chlamydia, gonorrhoea, syphilis, and lymphogranuloma venereum- in Catalonia since lockdown with historical data, from March 13th to August 1st 2020, comparing the observed with the expected values. Results: We found that since the start of COVID-19 pandemic the number of STI reported cases was 51% less than expected, reaching an average of 56% during lockdown (50% and 45% during de-escalation and new normality) with a maximum decrease of 72% for chlamydia and minimum of 22% for syphilis. Our results indicate that fewer STIs were reported in females, people living in more deprived areas, people with no previous STI episodes during the last three years, and in the HIV negative. Conclusions: The STI notification sharp decline was maintained almost five months after lockdown started, well into the new normality. This fact can hardly be explained without significant underdiagnosis and underreporting. There is an urgent need to strengthen STI/HIV diagnostic programs and services, as well as surveillance, as the pandemic could be concealing the real size of the already described re-emergence of STIs in most of the European countries