782 research outputs found
Weak-Field Gravity of Revolving Circular Cosmic Strings
A weak-field solution of Einstein's equations is constructed. It is generated
by a circular cosmic string revolving in its plane about the centre of the
circle. (The revolution is introduced to prevent the string from collapsing.)
This solution exhibits a conical singularity, and the corresponding deficit
angle is the same as for a straight string of the same linear energy density,
irrespective of the angular velocity of the string.Comment: 13 pages, LaTe
Representations of SU(1,1) in Non-commutative Space Generated by the Heisenberg Algebra
SU(1,1) is considered as the automorphism group of the Heisenberg algebra H.
The basis in the Hilbert space K of functions on H on which the irreducible
representations of the group are realized is explicitly constructed. The
addition theorems are derived.Comment: Latex, 8 page
Twinlike models with identical linear fluctuation spectra
Recently, the possibility of so-called twinlike field theories has been
demonstrated, that is, of different field theories which share the same
topological defect solution with the same energy density. Further, purely
algebraic conditions have been derived which the corresponding Lagrangians have
to obey in order that the field theories be twins of each other. A further
diagnostical tool which, in general, allows to distinguish the topological
defects of a given theory from the corresponding defects of its twins is the
spectrum of linear fluctuations about these defects. Very recently, however,
explicit examples of twin theories have been constructed such that not only
their shapes and energy densities coincide, but also their linear fluctuation
spectra are the same. Here we show that, again, there exist purely algebraic
conditions for the Lagrangian densities which imply that the corresponding
field theories are twins and that the fluctuation spectra about their defects
coincide. These algebraic conditions allow to construct an infinite number of
twins with coinciding fluctuation spectra for a given theory, and we provide
some explicit examples. The importance of this result is related to the fact
that coinciding defects with coinciding energy densities and identical
fluctuation spectra are almost indistinguishable physically, that is,
indistinguishable in a linear or semiclassical approximation. This implies that
the measurable physical properties of a kink, in general, do not allow to
determine the theory which provides the kink uniquely. Instead, in principle an
infinite number of possible theories has to be considered.Comment: Latex, 13 pages, no figure
Fractional Super Lie Algebras and Groups
n^{th} root of a Lie algebra and its dual (that is fractional supergroup)
based on the permutation group invariant forms are formulated in the Hopf
algebra formalism. Detailed discussion of -graided algebras is
done.Comment: 13 pages, detailed discussion of -graided is adde
Prediction and explanation in the multiverse
Probabilities in the multiverse can be calculated by assuming that we are
typical representatives in a given reference class. But is this class well
defined? What should be included in the ensemble in which we are supposed to be
typical? There is a widespread belief that this question is inherently vague,
and that there are various possible choices for the types of reference objects
which should be counted in. Here we argue that the ``ideal'' reference class
(for the purpose of making predictions) can be defined unambiguously in a
rather precise way, as the set of all observers with identical information
content. When the observers in a given class perform an experiment, the class
branches into subclasses who learn different information from the outcome of
that experiment. The probabilities for the different outcomes are defined as
the relative numbers of observers in each subclass. For practical purposes,
wider reference classes can be used, where we trace over all information which
is uncorrelated to the outcome of the experiment, or whose correlation with it
is beyond our current understanding. We argue that, once we have gathered all
practically available evidence, the optimal strategy for making predictions is
to consider ourselves typical in any reference class we belong to, unless we
have evidence to the contrary. In the latter case, the class must be
correspondingly narrowed.Comment: Minor clarifications adde
Black Holes from Nucleating Strings
We evaluate the probability that a loop of string that has spontaneously
nucleated during inflation will form a black hole upon collapse, after the end
of inflation. We then use the observational bounds on the density of primordial
black holes to put constraints on the parameters of the model. Other
constraints from the distortions of the microwave background and emission of
gravitational radiation by the loops are considered. Also, observational
constraints on domain wall nucleation and monopole pair production during
inflation are briefly discussed.Comment: 27 pages, tutp-92-
Quantum effects in gravitational wave signals from cuspy superstrings
We study the gravitational emission, in Superstring Theory, from fundamental
strings exhibiting cusps. The classical computation of the gravitational
radiation signal from cuspy strings features strong bursts in the special null
directions associated to the cusps. We perform a quantum computation of the
gravitational radiation signal from a cuspy string, as measured in a
gravitational wave detector using matched filtering and located in the special
null direction associated to the cusp. We study the quantum statistics
(expectation value and variance) of the measured filtered signal and find that
it is very sharply peaked around the classical prediction. Ultimately, this
result follows from the fact that the detector is a low-pass filter which is
blind to the violent high-frequency quantum fluctuations of both the string
worldsheet, and the incoming gravitational field.Comment: 16 pages, no figur
Relating Spin Foams and Canonical Quantum Gravity: A Discrete Step Evolution Formulation of Spin Foams
This article has been replaced by gr-qc/0412011Comment: This article has been replaced by gr-qc/041201
Fermion Energies in the Background of a Cosmic String
We provide a thorough exposition, including technical and numerical details,
of previously published results on the quantum stabilization of cosmic strings.
Stabilization occurs through the coupling to a heavy fermion doublet in a
reduced version of the standard model. We combine the vacuum polarization
energy of fermion zero-point fluctuations and the binding energy of occupied
energy levels, which are of the same order in a semi-classical expansion.
Populating these bound states assigns a charge to the string. We show that
strings carrying fermion charge become stable if the electro-weak bosons are
coupled to a fermion that is less than twice as heavy as the top quark. The
vacuum remains stable in our model, because neutral strings are not
energetically favored. These findings suggests that extraordinarily large
fermion masses or unrealistic couplings are not required to bind a cosmic
string in the standard model.Comment: 38 pages, 6 figures, version accepted for publication in Phys Rev
Electromagnetic field near cosmic string
The retarded Green function of the electromagnetic field in spacetime of a
straight thin cosmic string is found. It splits into a geodesic part
(corresponding to the propagation along null rays) and to the field scattered
on the string. With help of the Green function the electric and magnetic fields
of simple sources are constructed. It is shown that these sources are
influenced by the cosmic string through a self-interaction with their field.
The distant field of static sources is studied and it is found that it has a
different multipole structure than in Minkowski spacetime. On the other hand,
the string suppresses the electric and magnetic field of distant sources--the
field is expelled from regions near the string.Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures (low-resolution figures; for the version with
high-resolution figures see http://utf.mff.cuni.cz/~krtous/papers/), v2: two
references added, typos correcte
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