Waste reduction possibilities in a manufacturing process

In this paper the manufacturing process of a high load-bearing capacity gear is introduced. These gears are built into truck and bus transmission systems and are machined at a high level of accuracy. The process has particular importance not only because the accuracy has to be ensured but because the machining of precision components requires relatively complicated processes. Here the process was described and quantified for a given component. The focus was on one-piece flow of components and its effect on decreasing lead time. On the basis of the analysis it was shown that one-piece flow can significantly decrease the lead time but the time spent with material handling increases, which results in a load on the operator or the material handling equipment. Therefore, multi-variable optimization is needed. The available results can be used for improvement of manufacturing processes of other component groups manufactured by similar technology

The economic efficiency of apple production in terms of post‑harvest technology

This study analyses how the level of postharvest technology’s development influences the economic efficiency of apple production with the help of a deterministic simulation model based on primary data gathering in producer undertakings. To accomplish our objectives and to support our hypotheses three processing plant types are included in the model: firstly apple production with no postharvest and prompt sale after the harvest, secondly parallel production and storage combined with an extended selling period and thirdly production and entire postharvest infrastructure (storage, sorting-ranking, packing) with the highest level of goods production and continuous sales. Based on our results it can be stated that the parallel production (plantation) and cold storage, so the second case is proved to be totally inefficient, considering that the establishment of a cold storage carries enormously high costs with resulting a relative low plus profit compared to the first type of processing plant. The reason for this is that this type is selling bulk goods without sorting-grading or packaging; storage itself – as a means of continuously servicing the market – is not covered properly by the consumers. Absolute efficiency ranking cannot be established regarding the other two processing plants: plantation without post-harvest infrastructure resulting lower NPV, but a more favourable IRR, DPP and PI as developing a plantation and a whole post-harvest infrastructure.</jats:p

The economic efficiency of apple production in terms of post-harvest technology

This study analyses how the level of postharvest technology’s development influences the economic efficiency of apple production with the help of a deterministic simulation model based on primary data gathering in producer undertakings. To accomplish our objectives and to support our hypotheses three processing plant types are included in the model: firstly apple production with no postharvest and prompt sale after the harvest, secondly parallel production and storage combined with an extended selling period and thirdly production and entire postharvest infrastructure (storage, sorting-ranking, packing) with the highest level of goods production and continuous sales. Based on our results it can be stated that the parallel production (plantation) and cold storage, so the second case is proved to be totally inefficient, considering that the establishment of a cold storage carries enormously high costs with resulting a relative low plus profit compared to the first type of processing plant. The reason for this is that this type is selling bulk goods without sorting-grading or packaging; storage itself – as a means of continuously servicing the market – is not covered properly by the consumers. Absolute efficiency ranking cannot be established regarding the other two processing plants: plantation without post-harvest infrastructure resulting lower NPV, but a more favourable IRR, DPP and PI as developing a plantation and a whole post-harvest infrastructure

Distribution and Host Preference of Poroid Basidiomycetes in Hungary I. – Ganoderma

Abstract From the economical point of view, the genus Ganoderma is one of the most important groups of Basidiomycetes due to their medicinal effects and also because they cause decay in a very wide range of tree species all over the world. In this study new data of the Hungarian Ganoderma species are published and the specimens in accessible Hungarian herbarium collections are processed and revised. The article includes the nomenclatural status, the morphological characters, the host preference, frequencies and the details of the fungarium samples of six Ganoderma species (Ganoderma adspersum, G. applanatum, G. carnosum, G. cupreolaccatum, G. lucidum, G. resinaceum) as well. In total 215 Ganoderma specimens are examined and 10 hosts of the six native Ganoderma species new for Hungary are presented. The Hungarian locality and time of the collection of the only Ganoderma carnosum (IZ3122) specimen and two new localities of this rare species is published here for the first time.</jats:p

Fűtött, többhajós, többtechnológiás fóliaházak néhány fontos, egymásra ható fizikai paraméterének vizsgálata = Research of some significant interaction of physical parameters of a heated plastic greenhouse using multitechnology

A kutatás célkitűzéseinek megfelően az alábbi eredmények születtek: - A Magyarországon használatos növényházi burkolófóliák spektrális fényáteresztő képességének összehasonlítása - A Magyarországon használatos növényházi burkolófóliák szilárdsági paramétereinek vizsgálata a fóliák típusának, az adalékanyagok függvényében - Fóliaház tartószerkezet erőhatásainak vizsgálata alapján ajánlás vázszerkezetre A mért paraméterek alapján a kettős burkolatú fóliaházak kedvező vázszerkezetére, valamint a fóliapár optimális kiválasztására vonatkozó ajánlások születtek. | Regarding the objectives the research resulted the following outcomes: - Comparison of spectrale light transparency of different cladding plastic materials used in Hungary - Strength test of the cladding plastic materials in dependency of the type of the plastic thickness of the cladding material additives - Analysis of the different greenhouse structures regarding to the marginal conditions and suggestion to the optimal structure The research can additionallz contribute to the following results - theoretical statements from the interrelation between the measured parameters, - Give a help for choosing the proper structure and cladding material coupling for different plant-cultures in the Hugarian circumstances