PHARMACOGNASTIC STUDY AND DEVELOPMENT OF QUALITY CONTROL PARAMETERS FOR FLOWERS OF AVARTAKI (CASSIA AURICULATA LINN)

Context: Avartaki (Cassia auriculata linn) flowers are used for various conditions of ailments in traditional systems of medicine since ancient times. Aims: This study is designed to lay down the various pharmacognostic and phytochemical standards which will be helpful to ensure the purity, safety, and efficacy of this medicinal plant. Materials and Methods: Various methods including macroscopic, microscopic, physicochemical and phytochemical methods were applied to determine the diagnostic features for the identification and standardization of intact and powdered drug of Avartaki (Cassia auriculata Linn) flowers. Results: The shape, color, odour and surface characteristics were determined for the intact drug and powdered materials of Avartaki (Cassia auriculata Linn) flowers. Light and electron microscope images of cross-section of stamen and powdered microscopy revealed useful diagnostic features. Phytochemical, physicochemical analysis of powdered drug proved useful to differentiate the powdered drug material. High performance thin layer chromatography analysis showed the presence of important phytoconstituents. Conclusion: Morphology as well as various pharmacognostic aspects of different parts of the plant were studied and have been described here along with phytochemical and physicochemical studies, which will help in authentication and quality control

Tom and Jerry Based Multipath Routing with Optimal K-medoids for choosing Best Clusterhead in MANET

Given the unpredictable nature of a MANET, routing has emerged as a major challenge in recent years. For effective routing in a MANET, it is necessary to establish both the route discovery and the best route selection from among many routes. The primary focus of this investigation is on finding the best path for data transmission in MANETs. In this research, we provide an efficient routing technique for minimising the time spent passing data between routers. Here, we employ a routing strategy based on Tom and Jerry Optimization (TJO) to find the best path via the MANET's routers, called Ad Hoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV). The AODV-TJO acronym stands for the suggested approach. This routing technique takes into account not just one but three goal functions: total number of hops. When a node or connection fails in a network, rerouting must be done. In order to prevent packet loss, the MANET employs this rerouting technique. Analyses of AODV-efficacy TJO's are conducted, and results are presented in terms of energy use, end-to-end latency, and bandwidth, as well as the proportion of living and dead nodes. Vortex Search Algorithm (VSO) and cuckoo search are compared to the AODV-TJO approach in terms of performance. Based on the findings, the AODV-TJO approach uses 580 J less energy than the Cuckoo search algorithm when used with 500 nodes

Investigating Consistency Among Bridge Inspectors Using Simulated Virtual Reality Testbed

The current condition of US infrastructure requires a data-driven, risk-based approach to asset management. In the case of bridges, inspectors in every state visit these structures and collect data, and based on the information they report, state departments evaluate bridge conditions, predict deterioration, and make repair and retrofit decisions. However, the capacity of inspectors for defect detection might vary due to several factors, such as the inspectors’ experience or eyesight, which results in differences when reporting their results. Through the development of a virtual reality (VR)-based testbed, the variability among inspectors in examination and documentation practices in steel and concrete bridges in Indiana will be measured and analyzed. As a result, training programs could be enhanced according to the outcome analyses of the VR system

High beta tokamak research. Progress report, November 1991--December 1992

This report discussion the following on high beta tokamaks: basic machine operation; operational parameter space; and plasma impurity control

High beta tokamak research

This report discussion the following on high beta tokamaks: basic machine operation; operational parameter space; and plasma impurity control

Sulfur and heavy metals in biological tissue

The correlation between sulfur, metallothionein and heavy metals was investigated in biological samples from the aquatic environment. Samples of orange roughie, shark, goldfish and king crab were analysed for metals and sulfur. Results indicated that there was insufficient evidence to suggest any relationship between sulfur and total metals, but there was sufficient evidence to suggest a significant relationship existed between mercury and total sulfur in the biological tissues examined

Mapping of spatial and temporal variation of shoreline in Poompuhar using comprehensive approach

1292-1296Survey of India topographic map, Remote Sensing satellite imageries, NHO-Chart, GSI maps and ground-truthing data collected by Tamil Nadu PWD over the past four decades have been used to extract the shoreline during the various periods. In addition NIOT has marked the High Tide Line (HTL) during the years 2006 and 2013 which gives real time information on the behaviour of the shoreline. Data is processed and analyzed using software ERDAS for image processing and Arc-GIS for geospatial analysis respectively. Rate of shoreline changes are estimated by overlay analysis in GIS environment. The influence of natural and anthropogenic processes along the coast which is found to modify the shoreline configuration has been analyzed.Shoreline has been mapped using Landsat satellite data andTamil Nadu PWD ground truthing data for 1990, 2000 and 2006. It is observed that the shoreline change is more than 30 meters between 1990 and 2006. Studies include linking the natural impacts due to geology of the region and coastal geomorphology influenced by the River Cauvery on the shoreline change.</span

Validated spectrofluorimetric method for the determination of tamsulosin in spiked human urine, pure and pharmaceutical preparations

A novel, sensitive and selective spectrofluorimetric method was developed for the determination of tamsulosin in spiked human urine and pharmaceutical preparations. The proposed method is based on the reaction of tamsulosin with 1-dimethylaminonaphthalene-5-sulfonyl chloride in carbonate buffer pH10.5 to yield a highly fluorescent derivative. The described method was validated and the analytical parameters of linearity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), accuracy, precision, recovery and robustness were evaluated. The proposed method showed a linear dependence of the fluorescence intensity on drug concentration over the range 1.22 x 10(-7) to 7.35 x 10(-6)M. LOD and LOQ were calculated as 1.07 x 10(-7) and 3.23 x 10(-7)M, respectively. The proposed method was successfully applied for the determination of tamsulosin in pharmaceutical preparations and the obtained results were in good agreement with those obtained using the reference method. Copyright (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd