O papel da educação no caminho que falta percorrer em Portugal na desconstrução dos estereótipos de género: breves reflexões

Exedra - Número temático de 2014 - Sexualidade, Género e EducaçãoApesar das evidentes mudanças na sociedade portuguesa nos últimos quarenta anos, após a queda do regime ditatorial, o eixo estruturante das relações entre homens e mulheres continua eivado de um certo desequilíbrio, muitas vezes menosprezado tanto pelas entidades políticas como pela sociedade civil. E tal acontece, quer em virtude da crença generalizada de que está tudo conseguido na construção de uma nação com tolerância zero às leis e atitudes sexistas do passado, quer devido ao poder silencioso das estereotipias de género, que continuam a constituir obstáculos reais ao exercício da cidadania pelas pessoas de ambos os sexos, ao longo da vida. Neste artigo pretende-se refletir brevemente sobre o papel da educação na promoção de uma cidadania sem visões de género estereotipadas, em rapazes/homens e em raparigas/mulheres, chamando para o debate diferentes agentes de socialização e percorrendo contextos formais e não formais de aprendizagem.Despite the noticeable changes in Portuguese society for the last forty years, after the dictatorial regime, the structural axis of the relations between men and women remains unbalanced and such fact is often disregarded by both political entities and civil society. This happens either because of the widespread belief that everything is done in building a nation with a zero tolerance to the laws and sexist attitudes of the past, either due to the silent power of gender stereotypes that continues to pose real obstacles to the exercise of citizenship by persons of both sexes, throughout lifespan. In this article we intend to reflect briefly on the role of education in promoting citizenship values without of gender stereotypical views in boys/men and girls/women, discussing the role of several socializing instances and covering formal and non-formal learning contexts.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Para quê usar as "lentes de género" na escolaridade obrigatória em Portugal?: reflexões de docentes participantes em ações de formação acreditadas

Comunicação apresentada no XIII Congresso da Sociedade Portuguesa de Ciências da Educação (SPCE) realizado em Viseu de 6 a 8 de outubro de 2016.Os curricula da escolaridade obrigatória em Portugal não têm um tempo de lecionação obrigatório em todos os ciclos para fomentar com crianças e adolescentes a discussão de temas incontornáveis de cidadania, como as questões de género e outras formas instaladas de desigualdade de poder, que conduzem a assimetrias sociais, embora o eixo estruturante da promoção da igualdade entre mulheres e homens através da educação formal seja um princípio integrante das atuais políticas públicas. Da nossa experiência como coautoras dos Guiões de Educação Género e Cidadania, da responsabilidade da Comissão para a Cidadania e Igualdade de Género (CIG), e facilitadoras de ações de formação acreditadas de docentes, é nossa intenção nesta comunicação refletir, com base nas respostas de mais de 200 docentes, de ambos os sexos, que frequentaram ações de formação contínua, entre 2013 e 2016, sobre o impacto percebido por formandas e formandos nas suas práticas, quer enquanto docentes, quer como cidadãos ou cidadãs.In Portugal, there are no specific hours of teaching, in the national curriculum of compulsory education, to foster, among children and adolescents, the debate on unavoidable citizenship issues, such as gender social order and other forms of installed inequality of power, leading to social inequalities. In spite of this, the structural axis of promoting equality between women and men through formal education constitutes an integral principle of the current public policies. From our experience as co-authors of Education Guides - Gender and Citizenship, produced by the national mechanism for gender equality (CIG), and as teacher trainers, is our intention in this communication to reflect on the impact perceived by trainees and students in their practices, either as teachers or as citizens, through the responses of more than 200 teachers, of both sexes, who attended accredited ongoing training courses between 2013 and 2016.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Do ensino superior para o trabalho: contributo dos estágios para inserção profissional

O presente trabalho visou analisar o papel dos estágios na transição para o trabalho, entendendo-se a inserção profissional como um processo temporalmente alargado constituído por três fases interdependentes: a formação académica, a procura de uma actividade remunerada e a adaptação ao mundo laboral. Mais especificamente, pretendeu-se estudar o impacto dos estágios curriculares na promoção de variáveis psicológicas centrais nesta transição – exploração vocacional, auto-eficácia e objectivos de investimento profissional – numa amostra de 337 finalistas do ensino superior português. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que os estudantes que tiveram a oportunidade de realizar um estágio curricular apresentaram maiores níveis de exploração vocacional, de auto-eficácia, bem como objectivos de investimento profissional mais robustos, quando comparados com aqueles que não realizaram estágio

From higher education to work: contributions of practicum training to job insertion

O presente trabalho visou analisar o papel dos estágios na transição para o trabalho, entendendo-se a inserção profi ssional como um processo temporalmente alargado constituído por três fases interdependentes: a formação académica, a procura de uma actividade remunerada e a adaptação ao mundo laboral. Mais especifi camente, pretendeu-se estudar o impacto dos estágios curriculares na promoção de variáveis psicológicas centrais nesta transição – exploração vocacional, autoefi cácia e objectivos de investimento profi ssional – numa amostra de 337 fi nalistas do ensino superior português. Os resultados encontrados evidenciaram que os estudantes que tiveram a oportunidade de realizar um estágio curricular apresentaram maiores níveis de exploração vocacional, de auto-efi cácia, bem como objectivos de investimento profi ssional mais robustos, quando comparados com aqueles que não realizaram estágio. Palavras-chave: transição escola-trabalho, estágio profi ssionalizante, ensino superior, auto-efi cácia, inserção profi ssional.This study aims at analyzing the contributions of practicum training in the transition-to-work. In this study, job insertion is understood as a broad process including three interrelated phases: academic training, search for a paid job and adaptation to work. Specifi cally, our aim was to investigate the impact on career exploration, self-effi cacy and career goals in a sample of 337 senior Portuguese students. The results showed benefi ts in terms of career exploration, self-effi cacy and career goals with students that had a practicum experience, as compared to the ones who had not had that opportunity.El presente trabajo trató de analizar el papel de las prácticas en la transición al trabajo, entendiéndose la inserción profesional como un proceso temporalmente prolongado constituido por tres fases interdependientes: la formación académica, la búsqueda de una actividad remunerada y la adaptación al mundo laboral. Se pretendió, más específi camente, estudiar el impacto de las prácticas curriculares en la promoción de variables psicológicas centrales en esta transición – exploración vocacional, efi cacia propia y objetivos de inversión profesional – en una muestra de 337 fi nalistas de la enseñanza superior portuguesa. Los resultados encontrados evidenciaron que los estudiantes que tuvieron la oportunidad de realizar una práctica curricular presentaron mayores niveles de exploración vocacional y de efi cacia propia, así como objetivos de inversión profesional más robustos, cuando se compararon con aquellos que no realizaron práctica

Enhancement of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus antibiotic susceptibility using sesquiterpenoids

The present work examines the potential of sesquiterpenoids to sensitize Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, and modulate their susceptibility to the standard antibiotics ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin and vancomycin. It was tested samples of three sesquiterpenoids: guaiazulene, nerolidol (racemic mixture of the cis and trans isomers) and germacrene D enriched natural extract. Experiments were conducted aiming to assess the antimicrobial effects of the antibiotic-sesquiterpenoid combination on bacterial growth inhibition, by the disc diffusion assay and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assessment, the bactericidal effects, the post-antibiotic effect (PAE) and the effect on membrane permeability. The data related with the antimicrobial activity evidenced, through the disc diffusion assay, an antibiotic S. aureus antimicrobial activity enhancement by sesquiterpenoids presence. The MIC value for E. coli decreased significantly by sesquiterpenoids combination with ciprofloxacin, erythromycin and gentamicin, and for S. aureus, with all four selected antibiotics. This combination also increased the PAE, with the exception of guaiazulene, which seemed to quench antibiotic antimicrobial action. A moderate correlation between antimicrobial action and impairment of cell membrane function was detected for germacrene D enriched extract, and nerolidol, as single treatments and in combination with antibiotic, while a poor correlation was obtained for guaiazulene. This study provides basis for the evaluation of sesquiterpenoids as alternative or possible synergistic compounds for current antimicrobial chemotherapeutics, showing the practical utility of natural derived products to increase the susceptibility of E. coli and S. aureus.The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (Project CHEMBIO-POCI/BIO/61872/2004, CIENCIA2007 - Manuel Simoes

Exopolysaccharide production by Helicobacter pylori

Helicobacter pylori is a widespread Gram-negative bacterium that infects the stomach of humans leading to the onset of several gastric disorders, such as, gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancers. Studies from developing countries with low socioeconomic status and poor management of the drinking water suggest that it may serve as an environmental reservoir of H. pylori and therefore contribute to human infection. It has been reported that H. pylori has the ability to form microbial consortia embedded by a highly hydrated exopolysaccharidic matrix (biofilms) on surfaces exposed to water. The enhanced protection provided to microbial cells by the exopolysaccharides (EPS) brings added concerns about the possibility of H. pylori being transmitted through drinking water. H. pylori EPS as been reported to be composed mainly by Gal:Glc:GlcN in a proportion of 1.0:2.1:7.0, respectively (Stark et al., 1999). The present work brings about microscopical evidences of the capability of H. pilory to form free swimming bacterial aggregates and biofilms when submitted to nutrient depletion and hydrodynamic stress. Evidences that H. pylori aggregation is an exopolysaccharidic mediated phenomena both in planktonic and sessile states are also showed. Ethanol fractioning of the material recovered from these aggregates revealed an EPS composed of Gal:Glc:GlcN in a proportion of 1.0:0.4:1.6 respectively. A further structural detail about this EPS is under progress

Evidences of exopolysaccharide production by Helicobacter pylori submitted to hydrodynamic stress

Helicobacter pylori is a widespread Gram-negative bacterium that infects the stomach of humans leading to the onset of several gastric disorders, such as gastritis, gastric ulcers, and cancers. The transmission of H. pylori remains unclear but two different pathways have been suggested: faecal-oral and oraloral. It has been reported that H. pylori has the ability to incorporate in biofilms formed on water-exposed surfaces thus providing a route of infection. On the other hand, a polysaccharide-containing biofilm has been observed at the air-liquid interface when H. pylori is grown in a glass fermenter1. Because exopolysaccharides (EPS) play a determinant role in bacterial adhesion by conferring protection against adverse conditions such as starvation and environmental aggressions, EPS production would be expected to be higher if the bacterium is exposed to water. In this work the capability of H. pylori to produce EPS when exposed to water and under hydrodynamic stress has been evaluated. H. pylori was inoculated in autoclaved distilled water and allowed to stand under gentle stirring at room temperature. The significant and continuous increase in the sugar content 192 hours after inoculation suggests the production of exopolysaccharides. This evidence is reinforced by epiflourescence microscopical observation of the bacteria stained with DAPI (4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole) that revealed the presence of bacterial aggregates 318 hours after inoculation