Early antenatal prediction of gestational diabetes in obese women: development of prediction tools for targeted intervention

All obese women are categorised as being of equally high risk of gestational diabetes (GDM) whereas the majority do not develop the disorder. Lifestyle and pharmacological interventions in unselected obese pregnant women have been unsuccessful in preventing GDM. Our aim was to develop a prediction tool for early identification of obese women at high risk of GDM to facilitate targeted interventions in those most likely to benefit. Clinical and anthropometric data and non-fasting blood samples were obtained at 15+0–18+6 weeks’ gestation in 1303 obese pregnant women from UPBEAT, a randomised controlled trial of a behavioural intervention. Twenty one candidate biomarkers associated with insulin resistance, and a targeted nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) metabolome were measured. Prediction models were constructed using stepwise logistic regression. Twenty six percent of women (n = 337) developed GDM (International Association of Diabetes and Pregnancy Study Groups criteria). A model based on clinical and anthropometric variables (age, previous GDM, family history of type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, sum of skinfold thicknesses, waist:height and neck:thigh ratios) provided an area under the curve of 0.71 (95%CI 0.68–0.74). This increased to 0.77 (95%CI 0.73–0.80) with addition of candidate biomarkers (random glucose, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), fructosamine, adiponectin, sex hormone binding globulin, triglycerides), but was not improved by addition of NMR metabolites (0.77; 95%CI 0.74–0.81). Clinically translatable models for GDM prediction including readily measurable variables e.g. mid-arm circumference, age, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c and adiponectin are described. Using a ≥35% risk threshold, all models identified a group of high risk obese women of whom approximately 50% (positive predictive value) later developed GDM, with a negative predictive value of 80%. Tools for early pregnancy identification of obese women at risk of GDM are described which could enable targeted interventions for GDM prevention in women who will benefit the most

Negative correlation between Placental Growth Factor and Endocan-1 in women with preeclampsia

Objective: To analyse Endocan-1, a biomarker of vascular endothelial related pathologies, and Placental growth factor (PlGF), an angiogenic factor and a placental dysfunction marker in patients with pre-eclampsia (PE). Methods: Case-control study conducted at São Lucas Hospital. Endocan-1 and PlGF levels were quantified in maternal plasma using MagPlexTH-C microspheres system and analysed by ANCOVA adjusted by BMI, gestational age and maternal age. To estimate the difference between groups, mean ratio (MR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Pearson correlation test was used to establish any association between Endocan-1 and PlGF levels. The null hypothesis was rejected when

Gamma Radiation Induced Oxidation and Tocopherols Decrease in In-Shell, Peeled and Blanched Peanuts

In-shell, peeled and blanched peanut samples were characterized in relation to proximate composition and fatty acid profile. No difference was found in relation to its proximate composition. The three major fatty acids were palmitic acid, oleic acid, and linoleic acid. In order to investigate irradiation and storage effects, peanut samples were submitted to doses of 0.0, 5.0, 7.5 or 10.0 kGy, stored for six months at room temperature and monitored every three months. Peanuts responded differently to irradiation, particularly with regards to tocopherol contents, primary and secondary oxidation products and oil stability index. Induction periods and tocopherol contents were negatively correlated with irradiation doses and decreased moderately during storage. α-Tocopherol was the most gamma radiation sensitive and peeled samples were the most affected. A positive correlation was found among tocopherol contents and the induction period of the oils extracted from irradiated samples. Gamma radiation and storage time increased oxidation compounds production. If gamma radiation is considered an alternative for industrial scale peanut conservation, in-shell samples are the best feedstock. For the best of our knowledge this is the first article with such results; this way it may be helpful as basis for future studies on gamma radiation of in-shell crops

Free-living Capybaras (Hydrochoerus hydrochaeris) in an Urban Area in Brazil - Biochemical and Hematological Parameters

Background: Capybaras have found favorable conditions for survival and reproduction in green urban environments. In recent years, the population of these large rodents has been increasingly abundant in several brazilian cities such as Uberlândia, a municipality of the southeastern region with a Cerrado biome. Capybaras are important in the Brazilian Spotted Fever epidemiological chain, by amplifying infection rates of the vector population. However, knowledge of this host´s physiology is scarce. Thus, the aim of this work was to describe hematological and biochemical parameters of free-living capybaras groups in urbanized areas in the city of Uberlândia, Minas Gerais State, Brazil.Materials, Methods & Results: Capybaras were captured in 4 different locations of Uberlândia city, Minas Gerais state, including 1 Condominium (P1), 1 Private Market Garden (P2), 1 Private Club (P3) and 1 Municipal Park (P4). The animals were baited into an octagonal iron corral and chemically contained with anesthetic darts. After sedated, blood was collected from the femoral vein in tubes with and without EDTA. Biochemical evaluation, hematological analysis with differential leukocyte counts and search for Dirofilaria sp. were done. The blood count and biochemistry values obtained from animals of different ages, sex and sectors (P1, P2, P3 and P4) were submitted to the Shapiro-Wilk normality test, considering 95% significance. Values that had a normal distribution were subjected to ANOVA tests followed by Student's t-test. Values that did not follow normality were submitted to the Kruskal-Wallis test, to obtain a P-value, with a significance level of 95%. A total of 19 capybaras were captured: 4 in P1, 6 in P2, 4 in P3 and 5 in P4. From the 19 animals, 13 were females (68.42%) and 6 were males (31.57%), 12 adults (63.15%) and 7 juveniles (36.84%). Apart from occasional skin scars and moderate to intense Ambyomma spp. tick infestations, all captured animals were healthy on a broad examination. From 5 animals captured in P4, despite the use of anticoagulant, blood from 4 animals clotted fast. No microfilariae were found in the thick drop test in any of the 19 animals sampled, and in 2 adult female capybaras captured in P1, Kurloff cells were observed. Hematological and biochemical values presented no major differences when comparing sex and age. Nevertheless, differences in liver and kidney profile were observed between the capybara groups, including ALT, alkaline phosphorus, BUN and creatinine.Discussion: Blood from 4 animals clotted fast, despite the use of EDTA tubes. Blood clotting of samples with anticoagulant in this work could be associated with some physiological features inherent to capybaras. Many attempts were required to obtain enough blood from each individual due to the rapid hemostasis, what come in accordance with reports in literature. Kurloff cells were observed in 2 adult female capybaras captured in P1, which can be found in peripheral blood of female rodents during follicular phase of estrous cycle. Hematological and biochemical values differences in liver enzymes such as ALT and alkaline phosphorus, and kidney profile enzymes including BUN and creatinine could be associated to capture stress or dietetic variation between groups. Despite statistical relevant, the values were still in accordance with other works, although comparisons should be done with caution since various environments exert a diverse array of stimulus upon the animals such as parasitic, infective, stress, nutritional, social and undoubtedly blood parameters mirror them. In conclusion, this work contributes to the standardization of free-living capybaras' physiological parameters in urban areas.Keywords: capybaras, physiological parameters, enzymatic parameters, green urban environment, capture stress, fauna, biomes.

EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA E ESPORTES: MOTIVANDO PARA A PRÁTICA COTIDIANA ESCOLAR

We analyze how an intervention program based on the teaching of team sports could contribute to motivate students to participate in Physical Education classes. The intervention was based on a hybrid teaching model: sports and developmental education. We worked in 45 classes with 23 students from the 6th year of elementary school. Using the Psychological Basic Needs Questionnaire in Physical Education, we observed that the program indicated improvement in autonomy, reflecting on students’ participation and integration during lessons. Analizamos cómo un programa de intervención basado en la enseñanza de deportes colectivos pudo contribuir para motivar a los estudiantes a participar en las clases de Educación Física. La acción intervencionista se sustentó en un modelo híbrido de enseñanza: educación deportiva y desarrollista. Trabajamos en 45 clases con la participación de 23 estudiantes de sexto grado de primaria. A partir del cuestionario de Necesidades Psicológicas Básicas en la Educación Física observamos que el programa indicó una mejora en la autonomía, lo que se reflejó en la participación e integración de los estudiantes en el transcurso de las clases. Analisamos como um programa de intervenção baseado no ensino de esportes coletivos pôde contribuir para que os alunos se motivassem a participar das aulas de Educação Física. A ação interventiva sustentou-se em um modelo híbrido de ensino: educação esportiva e desenvolvimentista. Trabalhamos 45 aulas, com a participação de 23 alunos do 6º ano do ensino fundamental. A partir do questionário de Necessidades Psicológicas Básicas na Educação Física Escolar observamos que o programa indicou uma melhora na autonomia, refletindo na participação e integração dos alunos durante a realização das aulas.

Marginal zone lymphoma of the dura — two case reports with long-term follow-up

Primary MALT lymphoma arising at the dura is a rare circumstance with no categorical therapeutic plan in literature. There are few reports available with different treatment courses. Here, we report two cases with a long-term follow-up after the same pattern of management and review the literature

JOGOS EDUCATIVOS: RECURSOS DIDÁTICOS UTILIZADOS NA MONITORIA DE EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE

RESUMO Relato de experiência com objetivo de descrever a utilização de jogos na monitoria da disciplina Educação em Saúde. Tiveram-se como jogos: dominó, passa ou repassa, bingo, jogo da velha, jogo de dardos e jogo da memória, os quais foram adaptados aos conteúdos ministrados na disciplina. Todos foram desenvolvidos conforme os temas abordados em sala de aula, estabelecendo-se: dominó - conceitos de promoção da saúde, prevenção de doenças e educação em saúde; passa ou repassa - antecedentes históricos da Educação em Saúde; bingo - cartas de promoção da saúde; jogo da memória - características do aprendiz; jogo da velha - técnicas e estratégias de ensino e aprendizagem; jogo de dardos - abordagens de Paulo Freire. Concluiu-se que os jogos podem ser utilizados nas atividades de monitoria, adaptando-os aos conteúdos da disciplina

Chemical constituents and antifungal potential of Attalea geraensis Barb. Rodr. (Arecaceae) palm leaves, a species native to the Cerrado of Brazil

Abstract Fungal diseases, especially those that affect the root systems of plants, caused by Rhizoctonia and Macrophomina are limiting factors for achieving high crop yields. Alternatives to controlling fungi with chemical products drive the search for new options for bioactive compounds from plants. Attalea geraensis, a palm tree from the Brazilian Cerrado, is rich in flavonoids with antifungal actions. The objective of this work is to identify the chemical classes present in the ethanolic extract of green leaves of A. geraensis and determine the antifungal potential of the extract against isolates of Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) Goid. and Rhizoctonia solani JG Kühn. Phytochemical prospection, flavonoid dereplication, and antifungal activity were carried out of the ethanolic extract of the green leaves of A. geraensis harvested in the Cerrado area of Brazil. Steroids, triterpenes, saponins, and anthraquinones are described here for the first time for the leaves of A. geraensis. The flavonoids quercetin, isorhamnetin, 3,7-dimethylquercetin, quercetin 3-galactoside, 5,7-dihydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-{[3,4,5-trihydroxy-6-(hydroxymethyl)oxan-2-yl]oxy}-4H-chromen-4-one, rhamnazin 3-galactoside, keioside, and rhamnazin 3-rutinoside were identified. Of these, only quercetin and isorhamnetin had already been identified in the leaves of A. geraensis. The results show a fungistatic potential for the species. The diversity of flavonoids present in the leaves of A. geraensis may be the result of a synergistic action between fungus and plant or there could be an antagonistic effect between flavonoids and the other identified chemical classes

O ESPORTE NA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA ESCOLAR: UM CONTEÚDO COM POTENCIAL EMANCIPADOR

This research focuses on analyzing emancipation on the practice of sports through the use of a hybrid model in teaching in physical education school based on models of Education and Education Education. This is a case study with reports and student testimonials and the teacher's field diary. 45 classes were systematized based on the students' indication of the sports knowledge that awakened them to know how to do, reaching futsal, basketball and handball. The results indicated that the pedagogical experience centered on the hybrid model favors participatory and cooperative action, enabling the pairs to demonstrate emancipation in the motor and technical autonomy, as well as the sense of responsibility in the development of the proposed sports activities, praising the fact that the didactic treatment of the sports content can lead to inclusion and effective participation of students in Physical Education classes. Esta investigación se centra en analizar la emancipación sobre la práctica de deportes a través del uso de un modelo híbrido en la enseñanza en la escuela de educación física basada en los modelos de Educación y Educación de Educación. Se trata de un estudio de caso con informes y testimonios de los estudiantes y el diario de campo del profesor. Se siguieron 45 clases sistematizadas a partir de la indicación de los alumnos sobre el conocimiento deportivo que les despertó para saber cómo hacer, alcanzando futsal, baloncesto y balonmano. Los resultados indican que la pedagogía de la experiencia se centró en el modelo híbrido de favores participativos y cooperativos, permitiendo a los pares la emancipación en la autonomía motora y técnica, así como el sentido de responsabilidad en el desarrollo de actividades deportivas, que el tratamiento didáctico de la competición deportiva puede traer consigo la inclusión y participación efectiva de estudiantes en clases de educación física.Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo apresentar como se dá a ação pedagógica do professor de Educação Física a partir da implementação de uma proposta tendo como sustentação a utilização de um modelo híbrido no ensino esportes por meio dos Modelos de Educação Esportiva e Desenvolvimentista. Trata-se de um estudo de caso com relatos e depoimentos dos alunos e diário de campo do professor. Foram acompanhadas 45 aulas sistematizadas a partir da indicação dos alunos acerca dos saberes esportivos que lhes despertavam para o saber fazer, chegando ao futsal, basquetebol e handebol. Os resultados indicaram que a experiência pedagógica centrada no modelo híbrido favorece a ação participativa e cooperativa possibilitando aos pares, emancipação, autonomia e sentido de responsabilidade no desenvolvimento das atividades esportivas propostas