Hypocrellin B, a perylenequinonoid pigment, and its complexes with lanthanide ions: optical characterization and enhancements in its photodynamic properties

Hypocrellins, perylenequinonoid pigments isolated from Hypocrella bambusae, are known photodynamic agents. They exhibit several advantages over the other photosensitizers, such as ready preparation, easy purification, low aggregation tendency, high singlet oxygen generation quantum yield and rapid metabolism in vivo. However, hypocrellins do not exhibit absorption at wavelengths longer than 600 nm, which limits their application for PDT. To solve this problem our efforts were focused towards modifying the properties of hypocrellin B. in this study, hypocrellin B complexes formed with the lanthanide ions lanthanum (La(3+)), terbium (Tb(3+)) and europium (Eu(3+)), using ethanol as solvent, had their optical properties characterized through spectroscopic methods. We observed that all the lanthanide ions change the HB molecular structure, since displacements in the bands were noted in both absorption and emission spectra. Different molar ratios between the HB and the lanthanide ions were tested, and it was verified that the complexes with 1 mol of HB for 2 mol of lanthanide ions present the larger red-shift comparatively to pure HB. We also determined the dimerization constants for these complexes. Under excitation at 532 nm the singlet oxygen generation quantum yields were estimated by the emission at 1270 nm, where singlet oxygen has a well known emission peak. It can be affirmed that such complexations were responsible for an improvement in the optical properties of the HB molecule, which suggests that these complexes may find a good application at in vivo studies.IPEN CNEN SP, Ctr Laser & Aplicacoes, São Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, ICAQF, Departamento de Ciências Exatas e da Terra, Diadema, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Optimization of plates reinforced with different initial slope and variable number of carbon fibers

Optimization methods for curvilinear reinforcements placement aims to improve mechanical response of structure. Whenever a gradient-based method is used to optimization, it is necessary arbitrate an initial placement for the fibers. This initial guess has influence on the result. This work aims to observe the influence of the initial positioning of straight carbon fiber in epoxy resin plates, which had their compliance minimized by Sequential Linear Programming. The maximum displacement is observed too, even if it is not an objective function. The case studies were carried out on the same structure and the number of fibers and its slope were changed. Variation of the force slope was also evaluated. The results confirmed an influence of the initial slope in results. The addition of a greater number of fibers does not always cause a better performance in the design. To achieve the best results, it is essential that the initial arrangement be configured in such a way as to provide proximity of the ends of the fibers and the forces and supports. It's important to try to place the fibers with axial directions close to the axial direction of the force

Inspiratory resistance decreases limb blood flow in COPD patients with heart failure

Hosp Clin Porto Alegre, Exercise Pathophysiol Res Lab, BR-90035007 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Div Cardiol, BR-90035007 Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilSerra Gaucha Coll, Phys Therapy Dept, Caxias Do Sul, RS, BrazilHosp Clin Porto Alegre, Pulmonary Div, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilFed Univ Rio Grande, Fac Med, Dept Med, Porto Alegre, RS, BrazilUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Resp Dis, Pulmonary Funct & Clin Exercise Physiol Unit, São Paulo, BrazilQueens Univ, Dept Med, Div Respirol, LACEP, Kingston, ON, CanadaKingston Gen Hosp, Kingston, ON K7L 2V7, CanadaUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Med, Div Resp Dis, Pulmonary Funct & Clin Exercise Physiol Unit, São Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

Lean accounting: a structured literature review

The purpose of this paper is to perform a review and analyze the literature on Lean Accounting (LA), to develop insights into how LA research is developing, offering a critique of the research to date, and underlining future research opportunities. This research uses a structured literature review to categorize and analyze 39 research articles from relevant journals with a publication date from 1996 to 2020 (September) and to answer three research questions. Findings demonstrated that although LA seems to be the most suitable method for lean companies, it still lacks research in terms of the role of accountants in lean organizations as well as how its concepts are integrated with the Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). This paper provides both academics and practitioners with valuable insights regarding the role of management accounting and accountants in the pursuit of lean transformation, presenting meaningful themes and a complete analysis of the literature along with research gaps for future research. This paper contributes to lean manufacturing literature by providing a comprehensive structured literature review of articles regarding LA. Also, it serves as a basis for developing future research agendas in management accounting practices for lean organizations

Lessons on direct seeding to restore Neotropical savanna

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EVALUATION OF WATER QUALITY FOR CONSUMPTION AND PREVALENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC-RESISTANT BACTERIA:

Resumo: O consumo inadequado de água representa um risco para a saúde, porque leva a um aumento na incidência de doenças infecciosas propagadas pela água. Amostras de água coletadas em torneiras foram avaliadas quanto à presença de coliformes e outras bactérias, testes fenotípicos foram realizados para identificá-los e definir seus padrões de susceptibilidade antimicrobiana. Também foram analisadas a presença de metais potencialmente tóxicos e os padrões físico-químicos estabelecidos para a água consumida pelo homem. Por meio da avaliação microbiológica foi possível observar que a quantidade de coliformes na maioria das amostras é superior à recomendada pelos órgãos que regulam os padrões de potabilidade da água. Além disso, através da análise microbiológica foi possível identificar a presença de bactérias relacionadas a doenças comuns em humanos, das quais muitas apresentavam resistência a múltiplos antibacterianos. Os resultados das análises físico-químicas e dos metais potencialmente tóxicos demonstraram que esses parâmetros estão de acordo com os padrões estabelecidos para água potável pelas instituições normativas. Assim, o presente trabalho alerta para o problema da contaminação bacteriana em água para consumo de regiões quilombolas e também para o crescente problema da transmissão de genes de resistência antimicrobiana em água. Palavras chave: Coliformes. Água subterrânea. Multidroga-resistente. Físico-químico. Metais tóxicos.   Abstract: Inappropriate water consumption represents a health risk because it leads to an increase in the incidence of infectious diseases propagated by water. Samples of water collected in taps were evaluated for the presence of coliforms and other bacteria, phenotypic tests were performed to identify them and define their patterns of antimicrobial susceptibility. Were also analyzed for the presence of potentially toxic metals and for the physico-chemical standards established for human consumed water. By means of the microbiological evaluation it was possible to observe that the quantity of coliforms in the majority of the samples is superior to that recommended by the organs that regulate the water potability standards. In addition, through the microbiological analysis it was possible to identify the presence of bacteria related to common diseases in humans, of which many presented resistance to multiple antibacterial. Physico-chemical analyzes and potentially toxic metals were performed, the results demonstrated that these parameters are in agreement with the standards established for potable water by the normative institutions. Thus, the present work alerts to the problem of bacterial contamination in water for consumption of quilombola regions and also to the growing problem of the transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes in water. Keywords: Coliform. Groundwater. Multidug-resistance. Physico-chemical. Toxic metals. &nbsp

Genes de resistência a ?-lactamases na água bruta do Rio Meia Ponte – Goiás / Genes of resistance to ?-lactamase in the raw water of the Meia Ponte River - Goiás

O rio Meia Ponte é um dos corpos hídricos mais importante do estado de Goiás, sendo que, beneficia não somente a população, mais também, o meio ambiente. Entretanto, com o aumento de antibióticos e poluentes presentes na água no rio, tem contribuído para o aumento de resistência a antimicrobianos e provocado prejuízos para a saúde da população consumidora dessa água. O objetivo teste estudo foi demonstrar e identificar bactérias resistentes a ?-lactamase, utilizando métodos de PCR convencional. Foi obtido amplificação de 11,1% para o gene blaCTX-M, 66,7% para os genes blaTEM e blaKPC das nove amostras de Escherichia coli testadas neste estudo. Para o gene blaSME não se obteve amplificação dentre das amostras estudadas. A identificação dessas resistências bacterianas é de extrema importância, pois podem ocasionar um problema relacionado á saúde, dificultando nas formas de tratamento do paciente que obtiver contato com essas bactérias resistentes.