Efeitos da dieta rica em frutose associada ao treinamento aeróbio sobre os níveis de ácido úrico e função endotelial

INTRODUÇÃO: As doenças cardiometabólicas têm sido associadas ao elevado consumo de bebidas adoçadas. Estes produtos são responsáveis pela maior porção do consumo total de frutose na dieta e sugere-se que a ingestão excessiva deste monossacarídeo possa promover efeitos negativos na saúde, devido algumas particularidades de seu metabolismo. Entretanto, faltam dados na literatura demonstrando os efeitos deletérios do consumo diário de frutose sobre a função endotelial, influenciados pelas possíveis alterações nas concentrações de ácido úrico, e se o treinamento aeróbio é capaz de prevenir ou atenuar estes prejuízos em humanos. OBJETIVO: Verificar o efeito de 4 semanas de dieta rica em frutose associada ao treinamento aeróbio sobre fatores de risco para doenças cardiometabólicas, incluindo as concentrações de ácido úrico e marcadores relacionados a função endotelial. MÉTODOS: O presente estudo trata-se de um ensaio clínico randomizado controlado, cego e em paralelo. Vinte e um homens e mulheres adultos jovens, com idades entre 19 e 35 anos, foram randomizados em três grupos: Dieta Rica em Frutose (DRF), Dieta Rica em Glicose (DRG) e Dieta Rica em Frutose e Exercício (DRFE). Durante as 4 semanas de intervenção, os sujeitos foram submetidos à dieta personalizada, incluindo 1g/kg de massa corporal de frutose ou glicose por dia. O grupo DRFE realizou 3 sessões semanais de 60 minutos de exercício aeróbio em intensidade moderada (65% da frequência cardíaca obtida no consumo de oxigênio de pico) em bicicleta ergométrica. Antes e após este período, foram realizadas coletas de sangue, para verificar as concentrações de ácido úrico, nitrito/nitrato (NOx), endotelina-1 (ET-1), colesterol total (CT), triglicerídeos (TG), lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL), glicose, insulina, proteína C-reativa (PCR) e substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico (TBARS), e foram avaliadas as variáveis dilatação mediada por fluxo (DMF), índice de resistência à insulina (HOMA2-IR), índice da capacidade funcional das células beta pancreáticas (HOMA2-%B), índice de sensibilidade à insulina (ISI) e pressão arterial de 24 horas (MAPA). As comparações foram realizadas através das Equações de Estimativas Generalizadas (GEE), adotando-se os fatores grupo e tempo. Foi utilizado o post-hoc de LSD para identificar diferenças. Todos os resultados foram expressos em média e desvio padrão e o nível de significância aceito foi 5%. Para todas as variáveis, o tamanho de efeito (TE) foi calculado (Cohen d). RESULTADOS: Observou-se efeito de interação entre grupo e tempo para as concentrações de ácido úrico (p=0,035), no qual o grupo DRF exibiu aumento (4,46±1,11 mg/dL para 4,74±1,22 mg/dL; TE: 0,22; p=0,040) da semana 0 para a semana 4. O grupo DRG (5,27±1,56 mg/dL para 5,40±1,32 mg/dL; TE: 0,08; p=0,573) e o grupo DRFE (5,40±0,87 mg/dL para 5,66±0,66 mg/dL; TE: 0,31; p=0,220) não apresentaram alterações significativas entre a semana 0 e a semana 4, porém DRFE aumentou as concentrações de ácido úrico entre a semana 2 e a semana 4 (p=0,013). As concentrações de glicose também apresentaram interação entre grupo e tempo (p≤0,001), sem alterações entre os momentos pré e pós. Porém foi encontrado aumento entre a semana 2 e a semana 4 no grupo DRF (p=0,037) e, no grupo DRFE, aumento da semana 0 para a semana 2 (p=0,019) seguido de redução da semana 2 para a semana 4 (p=0,003). Por outro lado, demonstrou-se interação para a pressão arterial sistólica (PAS) de 24h (p=0,029), na qual o grupo DRFE apresentou queda do momento pré para o momento pós intervenção (110,68±8,20 mmHg para 107,17±8,15 mmHg; TE: 0,40; p=0,018). Também foram observadas interações para as variáveis PAS de sono (p=0,010) e pressão arterial diastólica (PAD) de sono (p=0,008). O grupo DRF apresentou incrementos na PAS (98,98±9,13 mmHg para 104,99±9,58 mmHg; TE: 0,59; p=0,022) e na PAD (53,71±6,32 mmHg para 60,98±9,95 mmHg; TE: 0,80; p=0,009) de sono e o grupo DRG exibiu reduções na PAS (103,12±5,82 mmHg para 100,26±4,15 mmHg; TE: 0,52; p=0,028) e PAD de sono (56,29±6,43 mmHg para 54,80±5,56 mmHg; TE: 0,23; p=0,031) após as 4 semanas. CONCLUSÃO: O consumo de 1g/kg de massa corporal de frutose por dia, durante 4 semanas, é capaz de aumentar as concentrações de ácido úrico e promover incrementos na pressão arterial de sono em adultos saudáveis. Por outro lado, o exercício aeróbio associado ao consumo de frutose atenua as alterações nas concentrações de ácido úrico e impede os prejuízos causados pela frutose na pressão arterial de sono.INTRODUCTION: Cardiometabolic diseases have been associated with high consumption of sweetened beverages. These products are responsible for the largest portion of total dietary fructose consumption and it is suggested that excessive intake of this monosaccharide may promote negative health effects due to some particularities of its metabolism. However, there is a lack of data in the literature demonstrating the deleterious effects of daily fructose consumption on endotelial function, influenced by possible changes in uric acid concentrations, and whether aerobic training can prevent or mitigate these impairments in humans. AIM: To verify the effect of 4 weeks high fructose diet associated with aerobic training on risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases, including uric acid concentrations and endotelial function-related outcomes. METHODS: This study is a blinded, paralleled randomized controlled trial. Twenty-one young adult men and women, aged 19 to 35 years, were randomized into three groups: Fructose Rich Diet (DRF), Glucose Rich Diet (DRG) and Fructose Rich Diet and Exercise (DRFE). During the 4 weeks of intervention, subjects underwent a personalized diet, including 1 g / kg body weight of fructose or glucose per day. The DRFE group performed 3 weekly 60-minute sessions of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise (65% of heart rate obtained on peak oxygen uptake). Before and after this period, blood samples were taken to verify the concentrations of uric acid, nitrite / nitrate (NOx), endothelin-1 (ET-1), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein (CRP) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS), and the variables flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), resistance index insulin (HOMA2-IR), pancreatic beta cell functional capacity index (HOMA2-%B), insulin sensitivity index (ISI) and 24-hour blood pressure. Comparisons were performed using Generalized Estimation Equations (GEE), adopting the group and time factors. The LSD post hoc was used to identify differences. All results were expressed as mean and standard deviation and the accepted significance level was 5%. For all variables, the effect size (ES) was calculated (Cohen d). RESULTS: An interaction effect between group and time was observed for uric acid concentrations (p = 0.035), in which the DRF group showed an increase (4.46 ± 1.11 mg / dL to 4.74 ± 1.22 mg / dL; ES: 0.22; p = 0.040) from pre to post intervention. The DRG group (5.27 ± 1.56 mg / dL to 5.40 ± 1.32 mg / dL; ES: 0.08; p = 0.573) and the DRFE group (5.40 ± 0.87 mg / dL to 5.66 ± 0.66 mg / dL; ES: 0.31; p = 0.220) showed no significant changes between the pre and post intervention, but DRFE increased the uric acid concentrations between the half of the intervention and the moment after intervention (p = 0.013). Glucose concentrations also showed interaction between group and time (p≤0.001), without changes between the pre and post moments. However, an increase was found between the half and the end of the intervention in the DRF group (p = 0.037) and, in the DRFE group, an increase from pre to half the intervention (p = 0.019) followed by a reduction from half to the post intervention moment (p = 0.003). On the other hand, an interaction was observed for systolic blood pressure (SBP) of 24h (p = 0.029), in which the DRFE group presented a decrease from pre to post intervention (110.68 ± 8.20 mmHg to 107.17 ± 8.15 mmHg; ES: 0.40; p = 0.018). Interactions were observed for nocturnal SBP (p = 0.010) and nocturnal diastolic blood pressure (DBP) (p = 0.008). The DRF group showed increases in nocturnal SBP (98.98 ± 9.13 mmHg to 104.99 ± 9.58 mmHg; ES: 0.59; p = 0.022) and nocturnal DBP (53.71 ± 6.32 mmHg to 60.98 ± 9.95 mmHg; ES: 0.80; p = 0.009) and the DRG group showed reductions in nocturnal SBP (103.12 ± 5.82 mmHg to 100.26 ± 4.15 mmHg; ES: 0.52; p = 0.028) and nocturnal DBP (56.29 ± 6.43 mmHg to 54.80 ± 5.56 mmHg; ES: 0.23; p = 0.031) after 4 weeks. CONCLUSION: The daily consumption of 1 g / kg body mass of fructose for 4 weeks is able to increase uric acid concentrations and promote increases in nocturnal blood pressure in healthy adults. On the other hand, aerobic exercise associated with fructose consumption attenuates changes in uric acid concentrations and prevents the deleterious effects of fructose in nocturnal blood pressure

Herramienta de diagnóstico para determinar la cultura organizacional de una Pyme colombo-venezolana. Caso BCR Supply Colombia, S.A.S

264 Páginas.Los diversos y repentinos cambios del entorno vulneran cada vez más la estabilidad de las organizaciones y, en consecuencia, éstas deben estar preparadas para enfrentarlos (capacidad de adaptación e innovación), asumiendo nuevos retos empresariales que si no son bien llevados, pueden influir en el comportamiento de sus colaboradores frente a los nuevos planteamientos de la organización, impactando la moral, la motivación, satisfacción y productividad de los mismos, impidiendo o favoreciendo las modificaciones establecidas, para lo cual se hace necesario la implementación de un cambio cultural. La cultura corporativa, es el efecto de la interacción entre los miembros de una organización en la toma de decisiones para la solución de problemas contextualizados en los hábitos, principios, valores, creencias, reglas y procedimientos que comparten y que se incorporan a la empresa a través de procesos de socialización. No obstante, estos elementos que conforman la cultura vienen a ser el mecanismo por el cual se comunican y se materializan los propósitos, metas y objetivos estratégicos en las organizaciones, por esta razón se hace imprescindible la medición de la cultura como estrategia de mejoramiento continuo, la única opción que tienen las empresas para crecer, permanecer en el tiempo y generar utilidades (Serna, 2016)

Assessment of species gaps in DNA barcode libraries of nonindigenous species (NIS) occurring in European coastal regions

DNA metabarcoding has the capacity to bolster current biodiversity assessment techniques, including the early detection and monitoring of non-indigenous species (NIS). However, the success of this approach is greatly dependent on the availability, taxonomic coverage and reliability of reference sequences in genetic databases, whose deficiencies can potentially compromise species identifications at the taxonomic assignment step. In this study we assessed lacunae in availability of DNA sequence data from four barcodes (COI, 18S, rbcL and matK) for NIS occurring in European marine and coastal environments. NIS checklists were based on EASIN and AquaNIS databases. The highest coverage was found for COI for Animalia and rbcL for Plantae (up to 63%, for both) and 18S for Chromista (up to 51%), that greatly increased when only high impact species were taken into account (up to 82 to 89%). Results show that different markers have unbalanced representations in genetic databases, implying that the parallel use of more than one marker can act complimentarily and may greatly increase NIS identification rates through DNA-based tools. Furthermore, based on the COI marker, data for approximately 30% of the species had maximum intra-specific distances higher than 3%, suggesting that many NIS may have undescribed or cryptic diversity. Although completing the gaps in reference libraries is essential to make the most of the potential of the DNA-based tools, a careful compilation, verification and annotation of available sequences is fundamental to assemble large curated and reliable reference libraries that provide support for rigorous species identifications.FCT - Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia(PTDC/BIA-BMA/29754/2017

Current status of the DNA barcode reference library of non-indigenous marine species occurring in European coastal regions

Coastal habitats are among the most important, but also the most threatened ecosystems in the world, which may pose at risk many important services for human well-being (Solan et al. 2004). Along with global climate change, overexploitation, pollution and habitat destruction; the spread of invasive species is among the major threats to coastal ecosystems (Rilov 2009). Non-indigenous species (NIS), which can establish in areas outside their natural range and become invasive, can spread rapidly across the natural environment and displace and out-compete native species, driving to severe ecological changes that threaten ecosystem integrity (Rilov 2009). While morphology-based identification of taxa has largely contributed to appreciate the current status of NIS occurrence in coastal regions and marine environments (e.g. Chainho et al. 2015), this process is expertise-demanding, laborious and time consuming. Because of these limitations, most studies reporting bioinvasions and relying on morphotaxonomy are limited in time and space and only focus in the ecology of specific taxa or smaller groups at a time. Due to the above-mentioned reasons, it becomes a priority to develop and optimize novel detection methods capable to overcome some of these challenges and that would allow an early detection and ease the monitoring of NIS in coastal ecosystems. Particularly, the combination of DNA barcoding with high-throughput sequencing (HTS) renders metabarcoding the capacity to bolster current biodiversity assessments techniques (Cristescu 2014). Within this approach, genetic information can be obtained through the use of standardized DNA barcode markers targeting a wide taxonomic range of organisms in mixed specimens or environmental samples (Cristescu 2014). DNA-based tools promise a number of potential benefits over traditional methods, including increased sensitivity and specificity as well as greater throughput and cost effectiveness. However, the success of DNA-based methods is greatly dependent on the availability, taxonomic coverage and reliability of reference sequence databases, whose deficiencies can potentially compromise species identifications through HTS (Briski et al. 2016). In this study, we conducted a species-gap analysis on the availability of accessible DNA barcode sequences for marine NIS occurring in European coastal regions using the Barcode of Life Data System V4 (BOLD V4) (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). The checklist of NIS occurring in European seas was compiled by using two online databases: i) European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN) and ii) Information System on Aquatic Non-Indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS). The taxonomic classification of the NIS compiled in the checklist followed the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). All records without taxonomic assignments at the species level were removed from the list and only taxa with accepted scientific species names were maintained. The species list was submitted to BOLD v4 and the checklist progress report option implemented in BOLD was used to conduct our gap analysis (Ratnasingham and Hebert 2007). Barcoded species were considered to be those with sequences that meet the following requirements: i) minimum sequence length of 500 bp; ii) < 1% ambiguous bases; iii) presence of forward and reverse trace files; iv) minimum quality of trace files status and v) presence of a country specification, either with co-ordinates or country name. Barcode compliance flags were applied to the following markers if the sequences meet the above requirements: the mitochondrial cytochrome C oxidase gene (COI), for animals and the maturase K gene (matK) or the rubisco large subunit gene (rbcL), for plants. For Chromista, due to the high diversity within this kingdom, barcode compliance flags were applied to the following markers: COI for all Chromista groups, and, in addition to COI, matK and rbcL for Cryptophyta, Haptophyta and Ochrophyta. A list of 1,915 NIS occurring in European coastal regions was generated and uploaded to BOLD v4 (checklist: CL-NISEU). The species in the list were distributed by three kingdoms: i) Animalia (1,411 species), ii) Chromista (276 species) and iii) Plantae (228 species), comprehending 28 phyla. The most well represented phyla with NIS were Arthropoda (331 species), Mollusca (324 species) and Chordata (285 species) within Animalia; Ochrophyta (105 species), Myzozoa (79 species) and Foraminifera (70 species), within Chromista and Rhodophyta (171 species) and Chlorophyta (40 species), within Plantae. From the total species in the list, 1,109 were still missing a DNA barcode on BOLD (including private and public records), which corresponded to ca. 60% of the total NIS. In addition, within barcoded species ca. 13% were singletons (i.e. only one barcode sequence available). However, when only high-impact species were taken into account (146 species with the status of established or invasive), the gap was much lower (ca. 22% of the species). Animalia NIS were the most well represented with DNA barcodes, but still missing for ca. 49% of the species. Only 5 out of the 16 represented phyla have a % of barcoded species higher than 50% (Acanthocephala, Arthropoda, Chordata, Echinodermata and Nemertea). For Chromista and Plantae the gap of missing species was higher than 80%. Among Chromista, only 2 out of 8 phyla (Myzozoa and Ochrophyta) were represented with DNA barcodes, but the % of covered species was lower than 30%. Among Plantae phyla, the % of barcoded species varied between 50 and 100%, but for Rodophyta NIS no DNA barcodes were yet deposited on BOLD. The current study allowed us to gauge the gaps of DNA barcodes for NIS occurring in European coastal ecosystems. The few marine NIS eradications attempts that proved successful in the past owe their success to an early detection, soon after introduction. DNA-based tools would allow the detection of early developmental stages or smaller organisms, reducing the time from introduction to detection and increasing the success of NIS control and/or eradication (Holman et al. 2018). However, the gaps found in reference libraries can have strong implications for an accurate species identification through DNA-based tools. Prioritization efforts should be conducted in order to fulfil these gaps, in particular for high impact species still missing DNA barcodes.FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, I.P., in the scope of the project PTDC/BIA-BMA/29754/201

Cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação à pessoa com pneumonia: estudo de caso

Introduction: Pneumonia is a disease where the inflammation of the parenchyma of one or both lungs occurs. It is one of the main reasons for hospitalization due to respiratory disease and is characterized by a restrictive pattern, where there is a decrease in the inspired volume capacity. The treatment of pneumonia is symptomatic and/or pharmacological, depending on the agents involved, and should be complemented with Functional Respiratory Reeducation exercises to optimize ventilation, prevent and correct postural changes, permeabilize the airway and reduce work respiratory. Objective: To identify the contribution of a Functional Respiratory Reeducation program for people with pneumonia. Method: Case Study that respects the Case REport guidelines. A Rehabilitation Nursing program was implemented, aimed at the diagnoses identified according to the foreseen objectives and the needs identified in the initial assessment of the person being cared for. Results: The Functional Respiratory Reeducation techniques used allowed the reduction of symptoms associated with pneumonia, the improvement of exercise capacity and functional capacity, with a subsequent increase in participation in daily life activities and, consequently, an improvement in quality of life. Conclusions: The Rehabilitation Nursing program implemented contributed to the improvement of respiratory function and functionality of the person in the context of acute respiratory disease.Introducción: La neumonía es una enfermedad en la que ocurre la inflamación del parénquima de uno o ambos pulmones. Es uno de los principales motivos de hospitalización por enfermedad respiratoria y se caracteriza por un padrón restrictivo, donde hay una disminución de la capacidad de volumen inspirado. El tratamiento de la neumonía es sintomático y/o farmacológico, dependiendo de los agentes implicados, Y debe complementarse con la realización de ejercicios de Reeducación Respiratoria Funcional para optimizar la ventilación, prevenir y corregir los cambios posturales, permeabilizar la vía aérea y reducir el trabajo respiratorio. Objetivo: Identificar la contribución de un programa de Reeducación Respiratoria Funcional para personas con neumonía. Metodología: Estudio de caso que respeta las pautas del Case REport. Se implementó un programa de Enfermería de Rehabilitación orientado a los diagnósticos identificados según los objetivos esperados y las necesidades identificadas en la valoración inicial de la persona cuidada. Resultados: Las técnicas de Reeducación Funcional Respiratoria utilizadas permitieron la reducción de los síntomas asociados a la neumonía, la mejora de la capacidad de ejercicio ya la capacidad funcional, con un posterior aumento de la participación en actividades de la vida diaria y en consecuencia, una mejora en la calidad de vida. Conclusión: El programa de Enfermería de Rehabilitación implementado contribuyó a mejorar la función y funcionalidad respiratoria de la persona en el contexto de enfermedad respiratoria aguda.Introdução: A pneumonia é uma doença onde ocorre a inflamação do parênquima de um ou ambos os pulmões. É um dos principais motivos de internamento por doença respiratória e caracteriza-se por um padrão restritivo, onde há diminuição na capacidade do volume inspirado. O tratamento da pneumonia é sintomático e/ou farmacológico, em função dos agentes envolvidos, e deve ser complementado com a realização de exercícios de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória para otimizar a ventilação, prevenir e corrigir as alterações posturais, permeabilizar a via aérea e reduzir o trabalho respiratório. Objetivo: Identificar o contributo de um programa de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória dirigido à pessoa com pneumonia. Método: Estudo de Caso que respeita as guidelines Case REport. Foi implementado um programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação dirigido aos diagnósticos identificados consoante os objetivos previstos e das necessidades identificadas na avaliação inicial da pessoa cuidada. Resultados: As técnicas de Reeducação Funcional Respiratória utilizadas permitiram a redução da sintomatologia associada à pneumonia, a melhoria da capacidade de exercício e da capacidade funcional, com um posterior aumento da participação nas atividades de vida diárias e consequentemente, uma melhoria da qualidade de vida. Conclusão: O programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação implementado contribuiu para a melhoria da função respiratória e da funcionalidade da pessoa com doença respiratória aguda

Compilation, revision, and annotation of DNA barcodes of marine invertebrate Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) occurring in european coastal regions

The script developed to create the DNA sequence reference library is available at https://github.com/tadeu95/Curated-BINs-Reference-Library (accessed on 25 January 2023). Metabarcoding datasets will be made available upon request since they belong to a study that is not published yet.The introduction of non-indigenous species (NIS) is one of the major threats to the integrity of European coastal ecosystems. DNA-based assessments have been increasingly adopted for monitoring NIS. However, the accuracy of DNA-based taxonomic assignments is largely dependent on the completion and reliability of DNA barcode reference libraries. As such, we aimed to compile and audit a DNA barcode reference library for marine invertebrate NIS occurring in Europe. To do so, we compiled a list of NIS using three databases: the European Alien Species Information Network (EASIN), the Information System on Aquatic Non-indigenous and Cryptogenic Species (AquaNIS), and the World Register of Introduced Marine Species (WRiMS). For each species, we retrieved the available cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) mitochondrial gene sequences from the Barcode of Life Data System (BOLD) and used the Barcode, Audit & Grade System (BAGS) to check congruence between morphospecies names and Barcode Index Numbers (BINs). From the 1249 species compiled, approximately 42% had records on BOLD, among which 56% were discordant. We further analyzed these cases to determine the causes of the discordances and attributed additional annotation tags. Of the 622 discordant BINs, after revision, 35% were successfully solved, which increased the number of NIS detected in metabarcoding datasets from 12 to 16. However, a fair number of BINs remained discordant. Reliability of reference barcode records is particularly critical in the case of NIS, where erroneous identification may trigger action or inaction when not required.This research was funded by national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT I.P.), grant number PTDC/BIA-BMA/29754/2017 (NIS-DNA: Early detection and monitoring of non-indigenous species (NIS) in coastal ecosystems based on high-throughput sequencing tools) and by the “Contrato-Programa” UIDB/04050/2020. Financial support granted by the FCT I.P. to S.D. (CEECIND/00667/2017) is also acknowledged. A.S.L. (UI/BD/150871/2021) and J.T.F. (UI/BD/150910/2021) are supported by the Collaboration Protocol for Financing the Multiannual Research Grants Plan for Doctoral Students with financial support from FCT I.P. and the European Social Fund under the Northern Regional Operational Program—Norte2020

Surveillance of non-indigenous invertebrate species through DNA metabarcoding in recreational marinas in the North and Center of Portugal

DNA metabarcoding has been widely used in biodiversity assessments as a complement to traditional morphology-based techniques. This technique is useful for the early detection and surveillance of non-indigenous species (NIS) in aquatic ecosystems. When introduced to new locations, NIS can establish, and become invasive, which may cause severe alterations to native ecosystems and biodiversity. As most introductions in coastal ecosystems occur by transport in ships (through ballast waters discharges and biofouling), ports and marinas are priority hubs for the early detection of NIS. The aim of this study was to survey marine invertebrate NIS in four marinas in the north and center of Portugal using (e)DNA metabarcoding and different sampling methodologies. We sampled four marinas in three locations in Portugal spanning a distance of ca. 150 km: one in Viana do Castelo (VC), one in Porto (L), inside the port of Leixões, and two in Aveiro (Av1: Costa Nova and Av2: Oudinot). Viana do Castelo, Porto, and Oudinot marinas are more sheltered, located near the coast, with a lower current flow, while Costa Nova marina is located inside a channel, more exposed to the passage of ships and to a higher current flow. Samples were taken of the organisms colonizing the marinas’ hard substrates (e.g. pontoons, buoys, ropes), as well as from water, for environmental DNA (eDNA) analysis, and zooplankton, collected using a 55-µm mesh net. We used two molecular markers: the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase gene (COI) and the small subunit ribosomal RNA gene (18S) to produce amplicon libraries for each sample, which were high throughput sequenced in an Illumina MiSeq platform. mBRAVE and SILVAngs were then used to process the sequence data and to generate species-level assignments for COI and 18S data, respectively. A total of 23 NIS was detected in this study: 13 using each molecular marker. Only 3 NIS were detected using both markers. The highest number of NIS was detected in the Av1 marina with COI (11), whereas in the other marinas this number ranged from 5-9 NIS depending on the molecular marker. Six NIS were common to all the marinas, amongst which Amphibalanus amphitrite and Amphibalanus eburneus , two invasive barnacle species and Eriocheir sinensis, the Chinese mitten crab, a very well-known species with invasive behavior that causes severe ecological and economic damages. Fifty percent of NIS belonged to the phyla Arthropoda: Crustacea and Chordata: Ascidiacea. The sampling method that registered the highest number of NIS (9) was the eDNA from water in Av1, using COI. Overall, 18S detected approximately 1,6 times higher numbers of OTUs (237-267), phyla (16-21) and species (179-210) than COI, and only 5-6% of species were detected using both markers. Regarding the type of sampling method, the zooplankton samples retrieved the highest number of phyla (20 in VC; COI: 12 and 18S: 20) and more species (40 to 155; COI: 90 and 18S: 155), namely from Mollusca and Annelida. Between the three methods, there were only 21 (COI) to 28% (18S) of shared species. Crustacea dominated most samples collected from hard substrates. As for marinas, VC had the highest number of recovered OTUs (267), phyla (21) and species (210), when analyzed with the 18S marker, and the lowest number of OTUs (94) and species (86) was recovered in Av1 with COI. Coincidently, this was also the marina with the highest number of NIS probably due to its more exposed location. These results show the efficiency of NIS detection using (e)DNA metabarcoding but reveal the need to employ different molecular markers and sampling methodologies to guarantee a more comprehensive surveillance and detection of NIS in these environmentsNIS-DNA: Early detection and monitoring of non-indigenous species (NIS) in coastal ecosystems based on high-throughput sequencing tools (PTDC/BIA-BMA/29754/2017). Ana S. Lavrador was supported by grant UI/BD/150871/202

O arquivo pessoal da professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves (1917-2005): um suporte para a escrita de si

A prática cultural de compor um arquivo pessoal pode ser demarcada a partir do século XVIII, oriunda da relação que o indivíduo moderno estabeleceu com seus documentos e a produção de uma memória de si. Essas ações estenderam-se durante o século XIX e século XX, porém foram impactadas pelas mudanças ocorridas na produção de suportes para tal atividade, nas modificações no setor da comunicação e na expansão da prática da leitura e da escrita. Nascida no início do século XX, a professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves constituiu um vasto arquivo – o qual contém documentos forjados nos espaços públicos em que frequentou e outros produzidos em seu ambiente privado – cuja composição serviu de suporte material para uma escrita de si da docente. Dessa forma, o artigo procurou responder: Qual a escrita de si, dada a ler, que o ordenamento e o conteúdo do arquivo pessoal da professora Pórcia Guimarães Alves (1917-2005) proporcionam? O artigo objetivou analisar a escrita de si expressa no arquivo pessoal de Pórcia Guimarães Alves (1917-2005) e delimitou os objetivos específicos em: descrever alguns aspectos e conteúdo do arquivo da professora; procurar possíveis lógicas oriundas da docente para o ordenamento do material guardado em seu arquivo; e sistematizar seu arquivo pessoal, a fim de buscar a escrita de si nele contido. A pesquisa documental contou com o arcabouço teórico-metodológico de Gomes (2004); e Artières (1998). Os resultados levam a crer que no processo de constituição do arquivo pessoal, a professora elaborava uma representação de si ao mesmo tempo em que constituía sua identidade

Enfermagem de reabilitação a pessoas idosas com andar comprometido

Objetivo: avaliar os ganhos na capacidade para andar, decorrentes das estratégias de enfermagem de reabilitação, em pessoas com andar comprometido. Método: estudo piloto, de natureza descritiva, realizado em unidades de internamento de uma instituição de saúde do sul de Portugal, entre setembro de 2018 e janeiro de 2019. A amostra de conveniência integrou sete (7) pessoas, orientadas no espaço e no tempo, que aceitaram participar no estudo e que usufruíram de cuidados de enfermagem de reabilitação. Os instrumentos de avaliação utilizados foram a Escala de Ashword Modificada (avaliação do tónus muscular), Escala de Lower (avaliação da força muscular), Escala de Berg (avaliação do equilíbrio, estático e dinâmico) e Escala de Barthel (avaliação do nível de independência nas atividades de vida diária). Resultados: verificou-se uma melhoria na força muscular, equilíbrio, com diminuição do risco de queda, melhoria nas transferências e mobilidade (andar) e por consequência uma melhoria na capacidade funcional, evidente através dos scores do Índice de Barthel. Conclusão: comprova-se o contributo das estratégias de intervenção de enfermagem de reabilitação na capacitação da pessoa com andar comprometido, com ganhos que se refletem na sua independência funcional. Face às limitações da amostra e do desenho, sugere-se o desenvolvimento de mais projetos de investigação centrados nesta problemática, para confirmar a eficácia destas estratégias e programas de enfermagem de reabilitação na capacitação das pessoas com andar comprometido