A comparison between body weight-supported treadmill training and conventional over-ground training in dogs with incomplete spinal cord injury

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesIn human medicine there was no evidence registered of a significant difference in recovery between body weight-supported treadmill training (BWSTT) and conventional over-ground (COGI). There isn’t any similar study in veterinary medicine. Thus, this study aimed to compare the locomotor recovery obtained in incomplete SCI (T11–L3 Hansen type I) post-surgical dogs following BWSTT or COGI protocols, describing their evolution during 7 weeks in regard to OFS classifications. At admission, dogs were blindly randomized in two groups but all were subjected to the same protocol (underwater treadmill training) for the first 2 weeks. After, they were divided in the BWSTT group (n = 10) and the COGI group (n = 10) for the next 2 weeks, where they performed different training. In both groups locomotor training was accompanied by functional electrical stimulation (FES) protocols. Results reported statistically significant differences between all OFS evaluations time-points (p < 0.001) and between the two groups (p < 0.001). In particular with focus on T1 to T3 a two-way repeated measures ANOVA was performed and similar results were obtained (p = 0.007). Functional recovery was achieved in 90% (17/19) of all dogs and 100% recovered bladder function. The BWSTT group showed 100% (10/10) recovery within a mean time of 4.6 weeks, while the COGI group had 78% (7/9) within 6.1 weeks. Therefore, BWSTT leads to a faster recovery with a better outcome in general.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Educación virtual como complemento de la educación formal y continuada

*Trabajo “Interamericano” presentado en la XXIV Conferencia Interamericana de Contabilidad Área 4 Educación – Tema 42 Punta del Este – Uruguay – 18 al 21 de noviembre de 200

a preliminary report

© European Association of Hospital Pharmacists 2021. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.OBJECTIVES: Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), the pressure to minimise its impact on public health has led to the implementation of different therapeutic strategies, the efficacy of which for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was unknown at the time. Remdesivir (REM) was granted its first conditional marketing authorisation in the EU in June 2020. The European Medicines Agency (EMA) and local health authorities all across the EU have since strongly recommended the implementation of pharmacovigilance activities aimed at further evaluating the safety of this new drug. The objective of this study was to evaluate adverse drug reactions (ADRs) attributed to either REM or hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) in patients hospitalised for COVID-19 in Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Ocidental, a Portuguese hospital centre based in Lisbon. We present the preliminary results reporting plausible adverse effects of either HCQ or REM. METHODS: An observational cohort study was carried out between 16 March and 15 August 2020. Participants were divided into two cohorts: those prescribed an HCQ regimen, and those prescribed REM. Suspected ADRs were identified using an active monitoring model and reported to the Portuguese Pharmacovigilance System through its online notification tool. The ADR cumulative incidence was compared between the two cohorts. RESULTS: The study included 149 patients, of whom 101 were treated with HCQ and the remaining 48 with REM. The baseline characteristics were similar between the two cohorts. A total of 102 ADRs were identified during the study period, with a greater incidence in the HCQ cohort compared with the REM cohort (47.5% vs 12.5%; p<0.001). Causality was assessed in 81 ADRs, all of which were considered possible. CONCLUSIONS: Real-world data are crucial to further establish the safety profile for REM. HCQ is no longer recommended for the treatment of COVID-19.publishersversionpublishe

Cost-effective method to perform SARS-CoV-2 variant surveillance: detection of Alpha, Gamma, Lambda, Delta, Epsilon, and Zeta in Argentina

SARS-CoV-2 variants with concerning characteristics have emerged since the end of 2020. Surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 variants was performed on a total of 4,851 samples from the capital city and 10 provinces of Argentina, during 51 epidemiological weeks (EWs) that covered the end of the first wave and the ongoing second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in the country (EW 44/2020 to EW 41/2021). The surveillance strategy was mainly based on Sanger sequencing of a Spike coding region that allows the identification of signature mutations associated with variants. In addition, whole-genome sequences were obtained from 637 samples. The main variants found were Gamma and Lambda, and to a lesser extent, Alpha, Zeta, and Epsilon, and more recently, Delta. Whereas, Gamma dominated in different regions of the country, both Gamma and Lambda prevailed in the most populated area, the metropolitan region of Buenos Aires. The lineages that circulated on the first wave were replaced by emergent variants in a term of a few weeks. At the end of the ongoing second wave, Delta began to be detected, replacing Gamma and Lambda. This scenario is consistent with the Latin American variant landscape, so far characterized by a concurrent increase in Delta circulation and a stabilization in the number of cases. The cost-effective surveillance protocol presented here allowed for a rapid response in a resource-limited setting, added information on the expansion of Lambda in South America, and contributed to the implementation of public health measures to control the disease spread in Argentina.Fil: Torres, Carolina. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Mojsiejczuk, Laura Noelia. Instituto de Investigaciones En Bacteriologia y Virologia Molecular (ibavim) ; Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquimica ; Universidad de Buenos Aires; . Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Acuña, Dolores. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Alexay, Sofía. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Amadio, Ariel Fernando. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Aulicino, Paula. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Debat, Humberto Julio. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Fay, Fabian. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Franco. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Giri, Adriana Angelica. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Centro Científico Tecnológico - CONICET -Rosario. Instituto de Biologia Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Goya, Stephanie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital de Pediatría "Juan P. Garrahan". Laboratorio de Biología Celular y Retrovirus; ArgentinaFil: König, Guido Alberto. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Lucero, Horacio. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Nabaes Jodar, Mercedes Soledad. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Pianciola, Luis. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquén. Ministerio de Salud. Secretaría de Salud Pública Neuquén; ArgentinaFil: Sfalcin, Javier A.. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, Raúl Maximiliano. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Bengoa Luoni, Sofia Ailin. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Bolatti, Elisa Maria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Brusés, Bettina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Cacciabue, Marco Polo Domingo. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Casal, Pablo Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Cerri, Agustina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Chouhy, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Rosario. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Rosario; ArgentinaFil: Dus Santos, María José. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. Grupo Vinculado Incuinta al IVIT | Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Virología e Innovaciones Tecnológicas. Grupo Vinculado Incuinta al IVIT; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Hurlingham; ArgentinaFil: Eberhardt, Maria Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Ailén. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquén. Ministerio de Salud. Secretaría de Salud Pública Neuquén; ArgentinaFil: Fernández, Paula del Carmen. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Do Porto, Darío Augusto. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Calculo. - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Calculo; ArgentinaFil: Formichelli, Laura Belén. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Gismondi, María Inés. Universidad Nacional de Lujan. Departamento de Ciencias Básicas. Laboratorio de Genómica Computacional; Argentina. CIBIC Laboratorio; ArgentinaFil: Irazoqui, José Matías. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea. - Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro Regional Santa Fe. Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Rafaela. Instituto de Investigación de la Cadena Láctea; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzini Campos, Melina Noelia. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Lusso, Silvina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Marquez, Nathalie. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigaciones Agropecuarias. Instituto de Patología Vegetal; ArgentinaFil: Muñoz, Marianne. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Mussin, Javier Esteban. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Natale, Mónica Inés. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Oria, Griselda Ines. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Instituto de Medicina Regional; ArgentinaFil: Pisano, María Belén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Posner, Victoria Maria. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Puebla, Andrea. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Veterinarias y Agronómicas. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Parque Centenario. Instituto de Agrobiotecnología y Biología Molecular; ArgentinaFil: Ré, Viviana Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Medicina. Instituto de Virología Dr. J. M. Vanella; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Sosa, Ezequiel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Villanova, Gabriela Vanina. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas. Laboratorio de Biotecnología Acuática; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Zaiat, Jonathan Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales; ArgentinaFil: Zunino, Sebastián. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquén. Ministerio de Salud. Secretaría de Salud Pública Neuquén; ArgentinaFil: Acevedo, María Elina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Acosta, Julián. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; ArgentinaFil: Alvarez Lopez, Cristina. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Álvarez, María Laura. Gobierno de la Provincia de Río Negro. Hospital Zonal Doctor Ramón Carrillo; ArgentinaFil: Angeleri, Patricia. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Angelletti, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; Argentina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Arca, Manuel. Municipalidad de Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Ríos). Hospital Justo José de Urquiza; ArgentinaFil: Ayala, Natalia A.. Gobierno de la Provincia de Chaco. Ministerio de Salud Publica; ArgentinaFil: Barbas, Maria Gabriela. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Secretaría de Prevención y Promoción; ArgentinaFil: Bertone, Ana. Gobierno de la Provincia de La Pampa. Laboratorio de la Dirección de Epidemiología. Santa Rosa; ArgentinaFil: Bonnet, Maria Agustina. Municipalidad de Concepción del Uruguay (Entre Ríos). Hospital Justo José de Urquiza; ArgentinaFil: Bourlot, Ignacio. Gobierno de la Provincia de Entre Ríos. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Hospital Centenario. Gualeguaychú; ArgentinaFil: Cabassi, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Castello, Alejandro. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; ArgentinaFil: Castro, Gonzalo. Gobierno de la Provincia de Córdoba. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central de la Provincia; ArgentinaFil: Cavatorta, Ana Laura. Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Ceriani, Maria Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Cimmino, Carlos José. Instituto Nacional de Epidemiología Dr. Jara. Mar del Plata; ArgentinaFil: Cipelli, Julián. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Colmeiro, María. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Cordero, Andrés. Universidad Nacional de la Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Cristina, Silvia Carolina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Di Bella, Sofia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Dolcini, Guillermina Laura. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ercole, Regina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Espasandin, Yesica Romina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Río Negro. Hospital Zonal Doctor Ramón Carrillo; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Espul, Carlos. Gobierno de la Provincia de Mendoza. Ministerio de Salud Desarrollo Social y Deportes; ArgentinaFil: Falaschi, Andrea. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Fernández Moll, Facundo Lucio. Universidad Nacional del Noroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Bioinvestigaciones (Sede Junín); ArgentinaFil: Foussal, María Delia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Chaco. Hospital Julio César Perrando; ArgentinaFil: Gatelli, Andrea. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal Especializado de Agudos y Crónicos San Juan de Dios; ArgentinaFil: Goñi, Sandra Elizabeth. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Jofré, María Estela. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Bolívar; ArgentinaFil: Jaramillo Ortiz, José Manuel. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Labarta, Natalia. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Lacaze, María Agustina. Gobierno de la Provincia de San Luis. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Larreche Calahorrano, María Rocío. Laboratorio de Biología Molecular Bolívar; ArgentinaFil: Leiva, Viviana. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Levin, Gustavo Javier. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos. Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones y Transferencia de Entre Ríos; ArgentinaFil: Luczak, Erica Natalia. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Interzonal de Agudos Evita; ArgentinaFil: Mandile, Marcelo Gastón. Universidad Nacional de Quilmes; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Marino, Gioia. Provincia de Chaco. Hospital Pediátrico Dr. Avelino Castelán; ArgentinaFil: Massone, Carla Antonella. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; ArgentinaFil: Mazzeo, Melina. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquen. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Medina, Carla. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños "Ricardo Gutiérrez". Laboratorio de Virología; ArgentinaFil: Monaco, Belén. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital Zonal General de Agudos Blas Dubarry; ArgentinaFil: Montoto, Luciana. Gobierno de la Ciudad de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Niños Pedro Elizalde (ex Casa Cuna); ArgentinaFil: Mugna, Viviana. Gobierno de la Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Musto, Alejandra Beatriz. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Nadalich, Victoria. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas. Laboratorio de Salud Pública; ArgentinaFil: Nieto Farías, María Victoria. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil. Provincia de Buenos Aires. Gobernación. Comision de Investigaciones Científicas. Centro de Investigación Veterinaria de Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Ojeda, Guillermo. Gobierno de la Provincia de Santa Fe. Ministerio de Salud. Laboratorio Central de la Provincia de Santa Fe; ArgentinaFil: Piedrabuena, Andrea C.. Servicio de Microbiología. Hospital 4 de junio. Roque Sáenz Peña; ArgentinaFil: Pintos, Carolina. Gobierno de la Provincia del Neuquen. Ministerio de Salud; ArgentinaFil: Pozzati, Marcia. Gobierno de la Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires. Hospital General de Agudos Doctor Cosme Argerich; ArgentinaFil: Rahhal, Marilina. Gobierno de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Hospital El Cruce Doctor Néstor Carlos Kirchner. Centro de Medicina Traslacional; ArgentinaFil: Rechimont, Claudia. Laboratorio de la Dirección de Epidemiología; ArgentinaFil: Remes Lenicov, Federico. Consejo Nacional de Investigaci

The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

INTRODUCTION Investment in Africa over the past year with regard to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing has led to a massive increase in the number of sequences, which, to date, exceeds 100,000 sequences generated to track the pandemic on the continent. These sequences have profoundly affected how public health officials in Africa have navigated the COVID-19 pandemic. RATIONALE We demonstrate how the first 100,000 SARS-CoV-2 sequences from Africa have helped monitor the epidemic on the continent, how genomic surveillance expanded over the course of the pandemic, and how we adapted our sequencing methods to deal with an evolving virus. Finally, we also examine how viral lineages have spread across the continent in a phylogeographic framework to gain insights into the underlying temporal and spatial transmission dynamics for several variants of concern (VOCs). RESULTS Our results indicate that the number of countries in Africa that can sequence the virus within their own borders is growing and that this is coupled with a shorter turnaround time from the time of sampling to sequence submission. Ongoing evolution necessitated the continual updating of primer sets, and, as a result, eight primer sets were designed in tandem with viral evolution and used to ensure effective sequencing of the virus. The pandemic unfolded through multiple waves of infection that were each driven by distinct genetic lineages, with B.1-like ancestral strains associated with the first pandemic wave of infections in 2020. Successive waves on the continent were fueled by different VOCs, with Alpha and Beta cocirculating in distinct spatial patterns during the second wave and Delta and Omicron affecting the whole continent during the third and fourth waves, respectively. Phylogeographic reconstruction points toward distinct differences in viral importation and exportation patterns associated with the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants and subvariants, when considering both Africa versus the rest of the world and viral dissemination within the continent. Our epidemiological and phylogenetic inferences therefore underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic on the continent and highlight key insights and challenges, for instance, recognizing the limitations of low testing proportions. We also highlight the early warning capacity that genomic surveillance in Africa has had for the rest of the world with the detection of new lineages and variants, the most recent being the characterization of various Omicron subvariants. CONCLUSION Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve. This is important not only to help combat SARS-CoV-2 on the continent but also because it can be used as a platform to help address the many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats in Africa. In particular, capacity building for local sequencing within countries or within the continent should be prioritized because this is generally associated with shorter turnaround times, providing the most benefit to local public health authorities tasked with pandemic response and mitigation and allowing for the fastest reaction to localized outbreaks. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century

Joint Production of Safer, Cleaner and Animal Friendlier Beef: Do Consumers Join it Too? - Insights from Focus Groups

Consumers’ motivations and behaviour towards food safety, animal welfare and the environment in beef production and beef products were discussed in several focus groups, within a broader research program aiming at determining Portuguese consumers’ willingness to pay for safer, cleaner and animal friendlier beef. Regarding the supply context, food safety, animal welfare and environmental protection are, to some extent, jointly produced within beef production systems. From the demand perspective there are also reasons to believe consumers aren’t able to separately value each one of these outputs of beef production. Due to considerable difficulties in production costs allocation as well as willingness to pay valuation, there are therefore reasons to jointly value them in a multi-dimensional package. Six focus groups were used to elicit how respondents perceive and talk about these topics and to provide insights into their motivations towards beef. Results show that respondents often refer intrinsic attributes as determinants of beef quality. The main quality cues at the moment of purchase include appearance, expiration date and price. Beef safety is generally taken for granted. However, concerns include hormones, antibiotics and slaughter hygiene. Environmental concerns are mainly linked with pollution and recycling. Animal welfare concerns include transportation, slaughtering and rearing conditions. There are mixed reactions when it comes to willingness to pay premiums for any of the three given attributes. Participants refer preferences for products with bundles of these attributes, thus reinforcing the need to jointly value such complex and jointly produced attributes

Serum levels of urokinase-type plasminogen activator in healthy dogs and oncologic canine patients

Aim: Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been scarcely studied in veterinary oncology. The aim of this study was to determine the uPA serum concentrations in healthy and oncologic canine patients and to investigate its potential value as a tumor biomarker. Materials and Methods: Serum uPA concentrations of healthy and oncologic canine patients were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Their relationships with the dogs' health status and tumor characteristics were analyzed through ANOVA and independent t-test. Results: There were no significant differences between mean serum values (±standard deviation) of healthy dogs (0.19±0.13 ng/ml) and oncologic canine patients (0.22±0.33 ng/ml), or between dogs with benign or malignant tumors, and with or without metastases, although the latter tended to show higher uPA serum levels. Conclusion: This is the first study describing the uPA serum levels in dogs. Although its results do not support uPA as a tumor biomarker, higher uPA levels in dogs with metastatic neoplasms may reflect the role of the enzyme in tumor progression

Gla-Rich Protein Acts as a Calcification Inhibitor in the Human Cardiovascular System

Objective-Vascular and valvular calcifications are pathological processes regulated by resident cells, and depending on a complex interplay between calcification promoters and inhibitors, resembling skeletal metabolism. Here, we study the role of the vitamin K-dependent Gla-rich protein (GRP) in vascular and valvular calcification processes. Approach and Results-Immunohistochemistry and quantitative polymerase chain reaction showed that GRP expression and accumulation are upregulated with calcification simultaneously with osteocalcin and matrix Gla protein (MGP). Using conformation-specific antibodies, both gamma-carboxylated GRP and undercarboxylated GRP species were found accumulated at the sites of mineral deposits, whereas undercarboxylated GRP was predominant in calcified aortic valve disease valvular interstitial cells. Mineral-bound GRP, MGP, and fetuin-A were identified by mass spectrometry. Using an ex vivo model of vascular calcification, gamma-carboxylated GRP but not undercarboxylated GRP was shown to inhibit calcification and osteochondrogenic differentiation through alpha-smooth muscle actin upregulation and osteopontin downregulation. Immunoprecipitation assays showed that GRP is part of an MGP-fetuin-A complex at the sites of valvular calcification. Moreover, extracellular vesicles released from normal vascular smooth muscle cells are loaded with GRP, MGP, and fetuin-A, whereas under calcifying conditions, released extracellular vesicles show increased calcium loading and GRP and MGP depletion. Conclusions-GRP is an inhibitor of vascular and valvular calcification involved in calcium homeostasis. Its function might be associated with prevention of calcium-induced signaling pathways and direct mineral binding to inhibit crystal formation/maturation. Our data show that GRP is a new player in mineralization competence of extracellular vesicles possibly associated with the fetuin-A-MGP calcification inhibitory system. GRP activity was found to be dependent on its gamma-carboxylation status, with potential clinical relevance

Gla-Rich Protein Is a Potential New Vitamin K Target in Cancer: Evidences for a Direct GRP-Mineral Interaction

Gla-rich protein (GRP) was described in sturgeon as a new vitamin-K-dependent protein (VKDP) with a high density of Gla residues and associated with ectopic calcifications in humans. Although VKDPs function has been related with γ-carboxylation, the Gla status of GRP in humans is still unknown. Here, we investigated the expression of recently identified GRP spliced transcripts, the γ-carboxylation status, and its association with ectopic calcifications, in skin basal cell and breast carcinomas. GRP-F1 was identified as the predominant splice variant expressed in healthy and cancer tissues. Patterns of γ-carboxylated GRP (cGRP)/undercarboxylated GRP (ucGRP) accumulation in healthy and cancer tissues were determined by immunohistochemistry, using newly developed conformation-specific antibodies. Both GRP protein forms were found colocalized in healthy tissues, while ucGRP was the predominant form associated with tumor cells. Both cGRP and ucGRP found at sites of microcalcifications were shown to have in vitro calcium mineral-binding capacity. The decreased levels of cGRP and predominance of ucGRP in tumor cells suggest that GRP may represent a new target for the anticancer potential of vitamin K. Also, the direct interaction of cGRP and ucGRP with BCP crystals provides a possible mechanism explaining GRP association with pathological mineralization