Experimental validation of corrections factors for gamma-gamma and gamma-X coincidence summing of Ba-133, Eu-152, and Sb-125 in volume sources

True coincidence summing correction factors for Ba-133, Eu-152 and Sb-125 were determined experimentally for a small volume source and compared with correction factors obtained with three softwares (EFFTRAN-X, GESPECOR and VGSL). The radionuclides investigated have a relatively challenging decay scheme and their spectra are known to suffer from losses due to summation (gamma-gamma, gamma-X and X-X) when measured at close distances on a HPGe detector sensitive to low energy photons. This study shows that the softwares were in good agreement with each other and the experimental data and the calculated activity was consistent with the activity in the volume source

Sociopsychological Processes Underlying Attitudes Toward Legal Punishment

This paper develops a theoretical framework for investigating the socialpsychological dynamics of punishment reactions to criminal offenders. Two basic types of punishment motives are delineated: behavior control and retribution. The target, or focus, of these motives may be the offender or a broader social audience. Within each of the four cells defined by this classification, we review the literature describing how punishment responses are influenced by characteristics of the rule, the offense, and the offender, as well as by the attitude and personality of the reactor. A large number of empirically testable propositions are generated

THE CONTINUITY OF THE ANTIQUE COMPOSITIONAL PRINCIPLES IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE EUFRASIAN BASILICA

El artículo aborda la supervivencia de los modos de construcción más allá de la caída del Imperio Romano, en particular se discuten las medidas de la basílica eufrasiana desde el punto de vista de la metodología, el ritmo modular, proporción y simbolismo numérico

THE CONTINUITY OF THE ANTIQUE COMPOSITIONAL PRINCIPLES IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF THE EUFRASIAN BASILICA

This article studies the remains of the ways of building after the Fa11 of the Roman Empire and discusses, in particular, the size of the eufrasian basilique from the methodological point of view, the modular rythm, the proportion and numerical symbolism.El artículo aborda la supervivencia de los modos de construcción más allá de la caída del Imperio Romano, en particular se discuten las medidas de la basílica eufrasiana desde el punto de vista de la metodología, el ritmo modular, proporción y simbolismo numérico

Dissociation of a Hubbard--Holstein bipolaron driven away from equilibrium by a constant electric field

Using a variational numerical method we compute the time-evolution of the Holstein-Hubbard bipolaron from its ground state when at t=0 the constant electric field is switched on. The system is evolved taking into account full quantum effects until it reaches a quasi-stationary state. In the zero-field limit the current shows Bloch oscillations characteristic for the adiabatic regime where the electric field causes the bipolaron to evolve along the quasiparticle band. Bipolaron remains bound and the net current remains zero in this regime. At larger electric fields the system enters the dissipative regime with a finite steady-state current. Concomitantly, the bipolaron dissociates into two separate polarons. By examining different parameter regimes we show that the appearance of a finite steady-state current is inevitably followed by the dissociation of the bipolaron.Comment: 9 pages, 7 figure

Occurrence of C60 and related fullerenes in the Sava River under different hydrologic conditions

The presence of nanomaterials in the environment has caught the attention of the scientific because of the uncertainties in their fate, mobility and potential toxic effects. However, few studies have determined experimentally their concentration levels in aquatic systems up to date, which complicates the development of an adequate risk assessment. In the present study, the occurrence of ten fullerenes has been assessed in the Sava River (Southeastern Europe): 27 freshwater samples and 12 sediment samples from 12 sampling points have been analysed during two sampling campaigns. C was the most ubiquitous fullerene, with concentrations of 8 pg/l–59 ng/l and 108–895 pg/g in water and sediments, respectively. Statistically significant differences existed between the levels in 2014 and 2015, which has been attributed to the extreme hydrologic conditions (severe floods and drought, respectively). C fullerene has been detected in most of the samples and the fullerene derivatives [6,6]-phenyl C butyric acid methyl ester and N‑methyl fulleropyrrolidine have been detected eventually, which highlights that nanotechnology research and development activities are responsible for emitting these emerging contaminants to the environment. The role of diverse potential anthropogenic sources (including oil refinery, general industrial activity, river navigation, urban emissions and nanotechnology) is discussed

A new conceptual framework for revenge firesetting

Revenge has frequently been acknowledged to account for a relatively large proportion of motives in deliberate firesetting. However, very little is actually known about the aetiology of revenge firesetting. Theoretical approaches to revenge-seeking behaviour are discussed. A brief review of how revenge is accounted for in existing theoretical explanations of deliberate firesetting and the known characteristics of revenge firesetters are provided. On this basis, the authors suggest, as a motive, revenge firesetting has to date been misconceptualised. A new conceptual framework is thus proposed, paying particular attention to the contextual, affective, cognitive, volitional and behavioural factors which may influence and generate a single episode of revenge firesetting. Treatment implications and suggestions for future research are also provided

The International Law of Secession and the Protection of the Human Rights of Oppressed Sub-State Groups: Yesterday, Today and Tomorrow

This paper focuses on significant patterns/features in the historical development of the international law of secession and its contribution over time (or the lack thereof) to the struggle to afford greater protection to oppressed sub-state groups the world over. It was Crawford Young who once observed that “the state as an analytical quarry is an elusive and complex prey.” With the necessary modifications, this observation applies with almost equal force to the international law of secession. Complexity and confusion loom too large in this area of international law. For example, there is, at best, little clarity in the literature of the discipline of international law and in related fields of study regarding the existence or otherwise of an international legal entitlement to secession in favor of even the most highly oppressed and subjugated sub-state groups