Occupational safety and health practice: a study at universities’ laboratories

The Occupational Safety and Health (OSH)’s field has become a topic for the last 30 years. The establishment of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) reflected the recognition that safety in the workplace is a basic expectation for all work staffs. This study describes the needs of universities in relation to planning the provision of occupational health services, by detailing their occupational hazards and risks and other relevant factors in its laboratories. The purpose of this study is to focus on the hazards, OSH practices and injury management in the laboratories in University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia (UTHM) in Educational Hub Pagoh (Edu Hub Pagoh). This paper is the initial studies to identify the main causes and steps to overcome the hazards that occurred. The purpose was achieved by visiting the university’s laboratories in order to get the real picture of the hazards in that place. The data collection was carried out through site investigation using Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment and Risk Control (HIRARC) and interview with the staffs and students in the university. This study analysed the HIRARC, and suggest recommendations for improving OSH act in the university’s laboratories. These approaches showed that the university sector is large, with a notably wide range of occupational hazards, and other significant factors which must be considered in planning occupational health provision for individual universities or for the sector as a whole

Sepse: uma discussão sobre as mudanças de seus critérios diagnósticos / Sepse: a discussion on the changes of its diagnostic criteria

No início de 2016 ocorreu o Terceiro Consenso Internacional para a Definição de Sepse e Choque Séptico (Sepsis-3), no qual algumas mudanças foram adotadas em relação aos antigos critérios diagnósticos, e com elas surgiram dúvidas e discussões a respeito de suas adequações, vantagens e desvantagens. Para melhor esclarecimento destas questões realizamos esta revisão da literatura, cujos resultados indicaram que as atualizações das definições de sepse trazem vantagens em relação ao entendimento de sua definição e fisiopatologia, além de trazer maior importância a qualquer quadro de sepse. Entretanto, o novo escore ainda apresenta problemas como: dificuldade do uso, retardo do diagnóstico, ausência de validação prospectiva do Quick Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (qSOFA), diminuição da importância do lactato e redução da sensibilidade. Desse modo, os critérios de Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS) ainda não podem ser totalmente abandonados, principalmente nos países em desenvolvimento. Além disso, ainda é necessária a realização de mais estudos prospectivos sobre o assunto e que levem em consideração dados de países em desenvolvimento, como mortalidade, recursos e epidemiologia.

Identification of a humanized mouse model for functional testing of immune-mediated biomaterial foreign body response.

Biomedical devices comprise a major component of modern medicine, however immune-mediated fibrosis and rejection can limit their function over time. Here, we describe a humanized mouse model that recapitulates fibrosis following biomaterial implantation. Cellular and cytokine responses to multiple biomaterials were evaluated across different implant sites. Human innate immune macrophages were verified as essential to biomaterial rejection in this model and were capable of cross-talk with mouse fibroblasts for collagen matrix deposition. Cytokine and cytokine receptor array analysis confirmed core signaling in the fibrotic cascade. Foreign body giant cell formation, often unobserved in mice, was also prominent. Last, high-resolution microscopy coupled with multiplexed antibody capture digital profiling analysis supplied spatial resolution of rejection responses. This model enables the study of human immune cell-mediated fibrosis and interactions with implanted biomaterials and devices

Hubungan antara penagihan dadah dengan keganasan rumah tangga

Pertubuhan Kesihatan Sedunia (WHO) dan negara-negara anggotanya melalui Resolusi Perhimpunan Kesihatan Sedunia 49.25 telah mengakui bahawa keganasan adalah masalah awam yang serius dan juga merupakan suatu pencabulan hak asasi manusia. Di Malaysia, istilah “keganasan rumah tangga” merujuk kepada keganasan yang dilakukan oleh pasangan terhadap isteri atau orang yang disayangi. Statistik menunjukkan bahawa kes penagihan dadah meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah kes keganasan rumah tangga. Objektif kajian ini ialah untuk mengkaji perspektif responden berkenaan keganasan rumah tangga terutamanya dalam kalangan pengguna-pengguna opiat di Malaysia khususnya di Terengganu seterusnya kesan penagihan dadah terhadap keharmonian rumah tangga. Kaedah pengajian prospektif telah dijalankan dalam tempoh enam bulan ke atas 30 orang penagih opiat yang sedang menerima rawatan Terapi Gantian Metadon (TGM) di sekitar Kuala Terengganu dengan menggunakan borang kaji selidik. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menganalisis data dalam kajian kuantitatif. Kajian ini menggunakan perisian SPSS versi 22.0%.Hasil kajian memfokuskan hubungan kekeluargaan, perlakuan, tingkah laku serta emosi di antara respondan dan pasangan. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa hampir 80.0% responden tidak mempunyai sejarah penderaan sebelum ini dan tidak melakukan keganasan rumah tangga terhadap pasangan mereka. Sebanyak 39.4% responden sangat bersetuju bahawa keganasan rumah tangga adalah jenayah, berbanding 7.1% responden yang tidak bersetuju. Seterusnya, data menunjukkan bahawa 36.0% responden bersetuju bahawa layanan mereka terhadap pasangan berubah setelah mengambil dadah. Data juga membuktikan bahawa sebanyak 22.0% responden merasakan pasangan mereka berasa risau dan takut apabila bersama mereka. Hasil daripada analisis data menunjukkan bahawa kebanyakan responden merupakan individu yang mampu menjalani kehidupan normal sebelum pengambilan dadah. Walau bagaimanapun, setelah pengambilan dadah, perubahan pada tingkah laku dan emosi responden menyebabkan berlakunya keganasan dalam rumah tangga dan terhadap keluarga. Hal ini seterusnya menyebabkan pasangan berasa tidak selamat apabila bersama responden

CIÊNCIA NAS LICENCIATURAS?

We investigate how pre-service teachers understand science and some practices due to it and if they relate their scientific knowledge to the teacher undergraduate degree itself in which they are enrolled. The results were produced from the qualitative analyze of generated data through interviews with pre-service teachers of different teacher undergraduate degrees. We assume the antidisciplinary approach of Applied Linguistics, considering as main theoretical framework some scientific literacy studies located in different disciplines or fields of knowledge. The knowledge of science shared by research collaborators is linked more directly to the natural sciences; human sciences are reduced to a few numbers of disciplines and language studies are disregarded. This research contributes to recontextualize the scientific literacy studies in Applied Linguistics

Nível de conhecimento acerca dos métodos de ensino dos esportes coletivos e sua frequência de utilização na atuação profissional

INTRODUÇÃO: Os métodos de ensino dos esportes são meios de sistematizar o processo pedagógico para promover aprendizagem dos componentes técnico-táticos dos jogos esportivos coletivos. É possível que a aplicação apropriada dos métodos de ensino e a sua frequência de utilização estejam relacionados ao nível de conhecimento do profissional de Educação Física acerca dos mesmos, entretanto existe uma escassez de conhecimentos a respeito desta temática. OBJETIVO: Avaliar o nível de conhecimento acerca dos métodos de ensino dos esportes coletivos e sua frequência de utilização na atuação profissional. MÉTODOS: A amostra foi constituída por 311 profissionais de Educação Física que atuavam diretamente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem-treinamento de esportes coletivos, em escolas de esportes, academias, projetos esportivos sociais, centros esportivos, clubes e treinamento de equipes escolares. Os participantes responderam um questionário eletrônico constituído por questões relacionadas às características, objetivos e aplicações dos métodos de ensino. RESULTADOS: Em média, o nível de conhecimento dos métodos de ensino entre os profissionais foi de 58,0±29,2% de acerto nas perguntas respondidas. Dentre as variáveis analisadas, somente o grau de formação acadêmica foi associado ao nível de conhecimento. Níveis de conhecimento superiores foram encontrados acerca dos métodos analítico e situacional, mas os profissionais parecem utilizar com maior frequência os métodos situacional e global. CONCLUSÃO: Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem a importância da formação continuada para suprir deficiências da formação inicial dos profissionais e mudança de paradigma no processo de ensino-aprendizagem dos esportes coletivos. TITLE: Level of knowledge about the teaching methods of team sports and their frequency of use in professional practice ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Sports teaching methods are a means of systematizing the pedagogical process to promote learning of the technical-tactical components of team sports. It is possible that the appropriate application of teaching methods and their frequency of use are related to the level of knowledge of the Physical Education professional about them, however there is a lack of knowledge about this topic. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the level of knowledge about the teaching methods of team sports and their frequency of use in professional practice. METHODS: The sample consisted of 311 Physical Education professionals involved in teaching-learning-training process of team sports, in sports schools, academies, social sports projects, sports centers, clubs and high-school teams. The participants answered an electronic questionnaire consisting of questions related to the characteristics, objectives and applications of teaching methods. RESULTS: On average, the level of knowledge of teaching methods among professionals was 58.0±29.2% of correct answers. Among the analyzed variables, only the educational level was associated with the level of knowledge. Higher levels of knowledge have been found with regards to the analytical and situational methods, but the professionals seem to use situational and global methods more frequently in the teaching-learning process. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest the importance of continuing education to overcome deficiencies in initial training and paradigm shift in the teaching-learning process of team sports

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Interactions between Type 1 Interferons and the Th17 Response in Tuberculosis: Lessons Learned from Autoimmune Diseases

textabstractThe classical paradigm of tuberculosis (TB) immunity, with a central protective role for Th1 responses and IFN-γ-stimulated cellular responses, has been challenged by unsatisfactory results of vaccine strategies aimed at enhancing Th1 immunity. Moreover, preclinical TB models have shown that increasing IFN-γ responses in the lungs is more damaging to the host than to the pathogen. Type 1 interferon signaling and altered Th17 responses have also been associated with active TB, but their functional roles in TB pathogenesis remain to be established. These two host responses have been studied in more detail in autoimmune diseases (AID) and show functional interactions that are of potential interest in TB immunity. In this review, we first identify the role of type 1 interferons and Th17 immunity in TB, followed by an overview of interactions between these responses observed in systemic AID. We discuss (i) the effects of GM-CSF-secreting Th17.1 cells and type 1 interferons on CCR2+ monocytes; (ii) convergence of IL-17 and type 1 interferon signaling on stimulating B-cell activating factor production and the central role of neutrophils in this process; and (iii) synergy between IL-17 and type 1 interferons in the generation and function of tertiary lymphoid structures and the associated follicular helper T-cell responses. Evaluation of these autoimmune-related pathways in TB pathogenesis provides a new perspective on recent developments in TB research