Body fat in elite Spanish football referees and assistants: A 1-year follow-up study

Introduction The current literature about the body composition of elite football referees is scarce and almost non-existent. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and track the percentage of body fat (%BF) of elite Spanish football referees and assistant referees across an entire season. Material and methods Two hundred and twenty-eight referees and assistant referees (mean age 32.5 ± 5.1 y), refereeing in Spanish First category (La Liga), Second category, and Second-B category, took part in this study. A bioelectrical impedance analyser (TANITA BC 418-MA) was used to evaluate %BF. A total of four-time-points for 1st category referees and three for all other groups were performed throughout the season. Results Analysing by category and role, 1st category assistants had the highest %BF in all assessments (p < 0.05). Small variations (around 1%) in %BF within groups were observed across the competitive season. Conclusion The %BF in elite Spanish referees remains constant, analysing by category, role and age, throughout a competitive season. All groups in this study reported healthy %BF values, between 8 and 14%, which might directly help to achieve the high standards required when refereeing and to improve the level of refereeing in the Spanish leagues. Introducción La literatura actual relativa a la composición corporal de los árbitros de fútbol de élite es escasa y prácticamente inexistente. Por tanto, los objetivos de este estudio fueron evaluar y realizar un seguimiento del porcentaje de grasa corporal (%GC) a los árbitros de fútbol de élite españoles, y a los árbitros asistentes, a lo largo de toda la temporada. Material y Métodos En este estudio participaron doscientos veintiocho árbitros y árbitros asistentes (edad media 32,5 ± 5,1), que arbitran en la primera división de España (La Liga), la segunda división y la segunda división B. Se utilizó un analizador de impedancia bioeléctrica (TANITA BC 418-MA) para evaluar el porcentaje de grasa corporal. Durante la temporada se realizaron un total de cuatro mediciones en los árbitros de primera división, y tres para el resto de los grupos. Resultados Realizando un análisis por categoría y función, los asistentes de primera división tuvieron un mayor porcentaje de grasa corporal en todas las evaluaciones (p < 0,05). Se observaron pequeñas variaciones (de alrededor del 1%) en cuanto al porcentaje de GC dentro de los distintos grupos a lo largo de la temporada de competición. Conclusión El porcentaje de grasa corporal en los árbitros españoles de élite permanece constante, tras analizar la categoría, función y edad a lo largo de la temporada de competición. Todos los grupos incluidos en el estudio reportaron unos valores saludables en cuanto a grasa corporal, comprendidos entre el 8 y el 14%, lo que podría contribuir directamente al logro de los elevados estándares requeridos para el arbitraje, y a la mejora del nivel de arbitraje en las ligas españolas

III Congreso Internacional en Ciencias de la Salud y del Deporte Actividad física segura y saludable en la montaña Trabajo multidisciplinar en salud, 28-29 de octubre de 2022, Huesca : libro de resúmenes

El deporte y la actividad física en Aragón tienen gran arraigo y tradición tanto a nivel federativo como escolar y recreacional, y por ello todo el profesional, amateur o aficionado a su enseñanza, entrenamiento o práctica habrá podido encontrar en el congreso espacio de discusión, aprendizaje y avances en todos los ámbitos relacionados y cruciales para conseguir grandes objetivos; desde la gestión, la enseñanza, el rendimiento o la salud. El libro que tienen entre sus manos pretende ser una herramienta útil para recopilar y dejar a disposición de las personas profesionales o simplemente interesadas, toda la evidencia presentada por las investigadoras/es que han participado activamente en este congreso. Sin duda la montaña forma parte de la vida de Aragón y concretamente de Huesca, es una región privilegiada para los amantes de los deportes en ambiente natural, el turismo activo o el simple disfrute del paisaje. También es fuente y medio de vida para muchos de nuestros vecinos, generando oportunidades y riquezas en toda la región. A nadie se nos escapa que genera además situaciones educativas incomparables dentro y fuera del ámbito escolar, siendo las salidas a la montaña y las semanas blancas contempladas en el currículo escolar momentos que marcan la historia personal. Pese a todas las bondades y a cuanto amor podamos profesar por la montaña todos somos conscientes de los riesgos que entraña. Una actitud y práctica responsable, informada y adecuada a nuestra capacidad física y psicológica nos permitirá realizar actividad física segura en el medio natural y evitará poner en riesgo a otras personas, entre ellas equipos de rescate altamente entrenados y cualificados que velarán por la población en las peores circunstancias. Nos complace presentar en este libro evidencias y experiencias en todos estos ámbitos, que han sido presentadas con gran calidad y generosidad en el congreso y que pueden ser información e inspiración útil para científicos, profesionales y población general. No sería justo cerrar este prólogo sin nuestro más sincero agradecimiento a todas las personas que han participado y compartido conocimiento y experiencia: ponentes, congresistas, estudiantes, comités científico y organizador, instituciones como el Ayuntamiento de Huesca, Diputación de Huesca, Guardia Civil con la Unidad Especial de Montaña y el Centro de Adiestramientos Específicos de Montaña (CAEM), Federación Aragonesa de Montaña, Cátedra de Montaña y por supuesto nuestra Universidad de Zaragoza. Además de la aportación científica del Congreso en todos estos ámbitos, esperamos que el entorno histórico y natural y la riqueza gastronómica de la ciudad y nuestra tierra os haya permitido disfrutar en estos días que habéis pasado con nosotros; y que si este libro cae en manos de quienes no hayan podido visitarnos, sea estímulo y motivación para ser activo y recorrer Huesca y su entorno

The diverse meteorology of Jezero crater over the first 250 sols of Perseverance on Mars

NASA’s Perseverance rover’s Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer is collecting data at Jezero crater, characterizing the physical processes in the lowest layer of the Martian atmosphere. Here we present measurements from the instrument’s first 250 sols of operation, revealing a spatially and temporally variable meteorology at Jezero. We find that temperature measurements at four heights capture the response of the atmospheric surface layer to multiple phenomena. We observe the transition from a stable night-time thermal inversion to a daytime, highly turbulent convective regime, with large vertical thermal gradients. Measurement of multiple daily optical depths suggests aerosol concentrations are higher in the morning than in the afternoon. Measured wind patterns are driven mainly by local topography, with a small contribution from regional winds. Daily and seasonal variability of relative humidity shows a complex hydrologic cycle. These observations suggest that changes in some local surface properties, such as surface albedo and thermal inertia, play an influential role. On a larger scale, surface pressure measurements show typical signatures of gravity waves and baroclinic eddies in a part of the seasonal cycle previously characterized as low wave activity. These observations, both combined and simultaneous, unveil the diversity of processes driving change on today’s Martian surface at Jezero crater.This work has been funded by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, through the projects no. ESP2014-54256-C4- 1-R (also -2-R, -3-R and -4-R); Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, projects no. ESP2016-79612-C3-1-R (also -2-R and -3-R); Ministry of Science and Innovation/State Agency of Research (10.13039/501100011033), projects no. ESP2016-80320-C2-1-R, RTI2018-098728-B-C31 (also -C32 and -C33), RTI2018-099825-B-C31, PID2019-109467GB-I00 and PRE2020-092562; Instituto Nacional de Técnica Aeroespacial; Ministry of Science and Innovation’s Centre for the Development of Industrial Technology; Spanish State Research Agency (AEI) Project MDM-2017-0737 Unidad de Excelencia “María de Maeztu”—Centro de Astrobiología; Grupos Gobierno Vasco IT1366- 19; and European Research Council Consolidator Grant no 818602. The US co-authors performed their work under sponsorship from NASA’s Mars 2020 project, from the Game Changing Development programme within the Space Technology Mission Directorate and from the Human Exploration and Operations Directorate. Part of this research was carried out at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under a contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (80NM0018D0004). G.M. acknowledges JPL funding from USRA Contract Number 1638782. A.G.F. is supported by the European Research Council, Consolidator Grant no. 818602.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

Management of acute diverticulitis with pericolic free gas (ADIFAS). an international multicenter observational study

Background: There are no specific recommendations regarding the optimal management of this group of patients. The World Society of Emergency Surgery suggested a nonoperative strategy with antibiotic therapy, but this was a weak recommendation. This study aims to identify the optimal management of patients with acute diverticulitis (AD) presenting with pericolic free air with or without pericolic fluid. Methods: A multicenter, prospective, international study of patients diagnosed with AD and pericolic-free air with or without pericolic free fluid at a computed tomography (CT) scan between May 2020 and June 2021 was included. Patients were excluded if they had intra-abdominal distant free air, an abscess, generalized peritonitis, or less than a 1-year follow-up. The primary outcome was the rate of failure of nonoperative management within the index admission. Secondary outcomes included the rate of failure of nonoperative management within the first year and risk factors for failure. Results: A total of 810 patients were recruited across 69 European and South American centers; 744 patients (92%) were treated nonoperatively, and 66 (8%) underwent immediate surgery. Baseline characteristics were similar between groups. Hinchey II-IV on diagnostic imaging was the only independent risk factor for surgical intervention during index admission (odds ratios: 12.5, 95% CI: 2.4-64, P =0.003). Among patients treated nonoperatively, at index admission, 697 (94%) patients were discharged without any complications, 35 (4.7%) required emergency surgery, and 12 (1.6%) percutaneous drainage. Free pericolic fluid on CT scan was associated with a higher risk of failure of nonoperative management (odds ratios: 4.9, 95% CI: 1.2-19.9, P =0.023), with 88% of success compared to 96% without free fluid ( P &lt;0.001). The rate of treatment failure with nonoperative management during the first year of follow-up was 16.5%. Conclusion: Patients with AD presenting with pericolic free gas can be successfully managed nonoperatively in the vast majority of cases. Patients with both free pericolic gas and free pericolic fluid on a CT scan are at a higher risk of failing nonoperative management and require closer observation

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Retrospective evaluation of whole exome and genome mutation calls in 746 cancer samples

Funder: NCI U24CA211006Abstract: The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) curated consensus somatic mutation calls using whole exome sequencing (WES) and whole genome sequencing (WGS), respectively. Here, as part of the ICGC/TCGA Pan-Cancer Analysis of Whole Genomes (PCAWG) Consortium, which aggregated whole genome sequencing data from 2,658 cancers across 38 tumour types, we compare WES and WGS side-by-side from 746 TCGA samples, finding that ~80% of mutations overlap in covered exonic regions. We estimate that low variant allele fraction (VAF < 15%) and clonal heterogeneity contribute up to 68% of private WGS mutations and 71% of private WES mutations. We observe that ~30% of private WGS mutations trace to mutations identified by a single variant caller in WES consensus efforts. WGS captures both ~50% more variation in exonic regions and un-observed mutations in loci with variable GC-content. Together, our analysis highlights technological divergences between two reproducible somatic variant detection efforts

Longitudinal effects of swimming on bone in adolescents: a pQCT and DXA study

The aims of the present study were, firstly, to evaluate areal bone mineral density (aBMD), bone strength and structure during a swimming season and compare them to those of normo-active controls (CG), and secondly to ascertain whether practising an additional weight-bearing sport other than swimming might improve bone. Twenty-three swimmers who only swam (SWI-PURE; 14 males, 9 females), 11 swimmers who combined swimming with an additional weight-bearing sport (SWI-SPORT; 8 males, 3 females) and 28 controls (CG; 16 males, 12 females) participated in the present study. aBMD was assessed with dual energy X-ray (DXA). Bone mass, area, structure and strength of the non-dominant tibia and radius were measured with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Measurements were performed at the beginning of the swimming season and 8 months later. The only difference among groups for DXA and pQCT variables was found for arm aBMD, which was higher in the SWI-SPORT than in the CG group at both pre- and post-evaluation. Group by time interactions (GxT) were found for trochanter aBMD when comparing SWI-SPORT to CG and SWI-SPORT to SWI-PURE, favouring in both cases SWI-SPORT. No GxT were found for the radius. For the tibia, GxT were found between SWI-SPORT and CG and between SWI-PURE and CG, in both cases favouring the swimmers. A season of swimming does not confer any additional benefits to aBMD, but may confer minor benefits to structure and mass. Complementing swimming with a weight-bearing activity is beneficial to bone

Is Vibration Training Good for Your Bones? An Overview of Systematic Reviews

Whole-body vibration (WBV) intervention studies and reviews have been increasing lately. However, the results regarding its effects on bone tissue in different populations are still inconclusive. The goal of this overview was to summarize systematic reviews assessing the effects of WBV training on bone parameters. Three electronic databases were scanned for systematic reviews and meta-analyses evaluating the effects of WBV on bone tissue. The search had no time restrictions and was limited to articles written in English. Vibration protocols and the main bone parameters included in each review were extracted. Methodological quality was assessed and analyses were conducted stratifying by age. 17 reviews and meta-analyses fulfilled the inclusion criteria. No increase or small improvements in bone mineral density (BMD) after WBV interventions were observed in reviews regarding postmenopausal women. One intervention study regarding young adults was included and reported no bone-related benefits from WBV. Most reviews including children and adolescents with compromised bone mass showed an improvement of BMD at lower limbs, lumbar spine, and whole body. In conclusion, WBV interventions seem to help children and adolescents with compromised bone mass to increase their BMD, but these improvements are limited in postmenopausal women and there is insufficient evidence for young adults. Further research is also needed to identify the ideal parameters of WBV training focused on bone health

Manejo forestal sostenible del Pambil en la amazonia ecuatoriana

The non-timber forest resources from palms such as the Pambil (Iriartea deltoidea; Ruiz &amp; Pav.) are used for the construction of houses and props in agriculture. The research presents a quantitative approach, with a positivist paradigm, in addition an experimental design and hypothetical deductive method were used. Forest use of this species in the Ecuadorian Amazon is currently unsustainable, so it is necessary for the National Environmental Authority to regulate the use of this forest product; since in the forest legislation up to the present date there is no specific regulation for the sustainable management of palms. The present investigation determined the technical parameters so that the forest use of Pambil is sustainable. The study was carried out in the community of Porotayu, Jatun Sumaku parish, Archidona canton, Napo province; where the DAP and commercial height of all the individuals greater than 15 cm DAP were recorded, it was also evidenced that there is a high abundance of Pambil, exceeding 100 individuals per hectare, where between 8 and 10 latillas are extracted per segment of the stem of the palms greater than 20 cm DAP. For a sustainable use of this species, it is recommended to extract individuals with DAP greater than 20 cm, with intensities of 30% in abundances greater than 100 individuals/ha; 20% in abundances between 50 and 99 individuals/ha and 10% in abundances less than 50 individuals/ha. The volumetric factor for Iriartea deltoidea; Ruiz &amp; Pav. it was 0.94; with a waste of 50%, evidencing that in the first segment of the stem the waste is less and increases in relation to the height of the stem since the thickness of the usable bark of the Pambil is reduced.Los recursos forestales no maderables provenientes de palmas como el Pambil (Iriartea deltoidea; Ruiz &amp; Pav.) son utilizados para construcción de viviendas y puntales en la agricultura. La investigación presenta un enfoque cuantitativo, con un paradigma positivista, además se empleó un diseño experimental y método hipotético deductivo. El aprovechamiento forestal de esta especie en la amazonía ecuatoriana actualmente es insostenible, por lo que es necesario que la Autoridad Ambiental Nacional, regule el aprovechamiento de este producto forestal; ya que en la legislación forestal hasta la presente fecha no existe reglamentación específica para el manejo sostenible de las palmas. La presente investigación determinó los parámetros técnicos para que el aprovechamiento forestal de Pambil sea sostenible. El estudio se realizó en la comunidad de Porotayu, parroquia Jatun Sumaku, cantón Archidona, provincia de Napo; donde se registró el DAP y altura comercial de todos los individuos mayores a 15 cm de DAP, además se evidenció que existe alta abundancia de Pambil, superando 100 individuos por hectárea, donde se extraen entre 8 y 10 latillas por segmento de fuste de las palmas superiores a 20 cm de DAP. Para un aprovechamiento sostenible de esta especie se recomienda extraer individuos con DAP superiores a 20 cm, con intensidades del 30% en abundancias superiores a 100 individuos/ha; del 20% en abundancias entre 50 y 99 individuos/ha y del 10% en abundancias menores a 50 individuos por hectárea. El factor volumétrico para Iriartea deltoidea; Ruiz &amp; Pav. fue de 0.94; con un desperdicio del 50%, evidenciándose que en el primer segmento del fuste el desperdicio es menor y va en aumento en relación con altura del fuste ya que se va reduciendo el grosor de la corteza aprovechable del Pambil