Entrepreneurship, Management Servicesand Economic Growth

We set out to model the joint production of entrepreneurs and workers assuming that the former contribute to the output of the firm by making entrepreneurial decisions (with increasing returns), and managing the productive resources (with decreasing returns). The model explains the equilibrium output of the representative firm and the equilibrium share of entrepreneurs in the working population, as a function of the quality of the entrepreneur and of the elasticity of output to the entrepreneur’s management services. The time dynamics of the solution imply that the contribution to labor productivity growth from increases in the quality of entrepreneurs over time is higher in countries with a larger starting share of entrepreneurs and higher in countries with lower starting labor productivity (convergence enhancing). The model predictions are tested with data from OECD countries for the period 1970-2002. We find that improvements in the quality of entrepreneurs can make a substantial contribution to economic growth by means of more productive management services.Entrepreneurial quality, productivity growth, OECD countries, Coasian entrepreneur

Numerical considerations in spectral multidomain methods for BiGlobal instability analysis of open cavity configurations

A novel approach for the solution of the viscous incompresible and/or compressible BiGlobal eigenvalue problems (EVP) in complex open cavity domains is discussed. The algorithm is based on spectral multidomain spatial discretization, decomposing space into rectangular subdomains which are resolved by spectral collocation based on Chebyshev polynomials. The eigenvalue problem is solved by Krylov subspace iteration. Here particular emphasis is placed on aspects of the parallel developments that have been necessary, on account of the high computing demands placed on the solver, as ever more complex “T-store” configurations are addressed

Autonomic stress response of nurse students in an objective structured clinical examination (OSCE)

The aim of the present research was to analyze the autonomic stress response of nursing students in a nursing Objective Structured Clinical Evaluation (OSCE). We analyzed, in 41 s-year nursing degree students (20.1 ± 2.3 years), modifications in heart rate variability (HRV) to monitor the autonomic stress response before, during and after the 18 different scenarios of a complete OSCE. Heart rate mean response of nurse students was consistent with an anticipatory anxiety response at the beginning of the OSCE, showing a sympathetic nervous system activation, but HRV parameters show contradictory results. The most stressful OSCE station was the CPR maneuver, the stress response varying according to the station’s demands

Differences between students and professors in difficulty, stress and performance in a nursing Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE)

The aim of the present research was to analyze those elements could influence on the learning process of the students, and the evaluation process of professors, during the development of clinical practices. For that, we analyze differences on the perception of difficulty, stress, and academic performance between students and teachers in a nursing Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE). We analyze the different perceptions in 41 s-year nursing degree students (20.1 ± 2.3 years; 29 females and 12 males) and 21 nursing degree professors (39.1 ± 4.2 years) of the different scenarios that compose the OSCE, that were: BP+EKG, venipuncture, CPR, nutritional assessment, respiratory assessment, mobilization, and interprofessional scenario. After the statistical analysis we found that professors presented higher difficulty perceptions of venopunction, cardio-pulmonary resuscitation (CPR), and nutritional evaluation, as well as higher academic performance perception on all scenarios except nutritional evaluation than students. Students showed higher stress perceptions on venopunction, respiratory evaluation, mobility and interprofessional scenarios, as well as higher academic perception on nutritional evaluation than teachers. Professors presented higher difficulty and academic performance perceptions than students, and stress perception varies depending on the OSCE station between professors and students

Methodology for characterising microlayers in historical plasterwork

The study of (micro)layer structure in walls is a fundamental tool for expanding our knowledge of historical buildings and developing suitable proposals for intervention and restoration. In materials such as plasterwork, the (micro)layer sequence can be confusing, resulting in the need for a more detailed analysis in order to accurately determine the materials and interventions carried out on a given decorative element in the past. This work presents a methodological proposal based on optical microscopy, XRD, micro-XRD, SEM-EDAX, FTIR, and 14C dating to accurately identify the structure and composition of the different types of microlayers comprising the plasterwork. The resulting data are of great use in decision-making for restoration and can be compared with historiographic information in order to confirm hypotheses or clarify gaps in chronological adscription

The estimation of truncation error by tau-estimation revisited

The aim of this paper was to accurately estimate the local truncation error of partial differential equations, that are numerically solved using a finite difference or finite volume approach on structured and unstructured meshes. In this work, we approximated the local truncation error using the @t-estimation procedure, which aims to compare the residuals on a sequence of grids with different spacing. First, we focused the analysis on one-dimensional scalar linear and non-linear test cases to examine the accuracy of the estimation of the truncation error for both finite difference and finite volume approaches on different grid topologies. Then, we extended the analysis to two-dimensional problems: first on linear and non-linear scalar equations and finally on the Euler equations. We demonstrated that this approach yields a highly accurate estimation of the truncation error if some conditions are fulfilled. These conditions are related to the accuracy of the restriction operators, the choice of the boundary conditions, the distortion of the grids and the magnitude of the iteration error

Analysis of teacher-student interaction in the joint solving of non-routine problems in primary education classrooms

[EN] The analysis of teacher–student interaction when jointly solving routine problems in the primary education mathematics classroom has revealed that there is scarce reasoning and little participation on students’ part. To analyze whether this fact is due to the routine nature of the problems, a sample of teachers who solved, together with their students, a routine problem involving three questions with di erent cognitive di culty levels (task 1) was analyzed, describing on which part of the problem-solving process (selection of information or reasoning) they focused their interaction. Results showed that they barely focused the interaction on reasoning, and participation of students was scarce, regardless of the cognitive di culty of the question to be answered. To check whether these results could be due to the routine nature of the problem, a nonroutine problem (task 2) was solved by the same sample of teachers and students. The results revealed an increase in both reasoning and participation of students in processes that required complex reasoning. This being so, the main conclusion of the present study is that including nonroutine problem solving in the primary education classroom as a challenging task is a reasonable way to increase students’ ability to use their own reasoning to solve problems, and to promote greater teacher–student collaboration. These two aspects are relevant for students to become creative, critical, and reflective citizens.The authors are participants in the following projects: Project Science, Innovation, and University Ministry, Spain [PGC2018–100758-B-100]; Project University of Salamanca, Spain [MODELGEO-CEI 18.K133)]; and Project Junta of Castilla-León, Spain [SA050G19

Correlación de la incidencia de casos de Covid-19 con variables climáticas en la República de Panamá

This work seeks to quantitatively correlate the incidence of COVID-19 with the climatic variables in the Republic of Panama, for this purpose the incidence of COVID-19 was used since the beginning of the pandemic on March 9, 2020, the climatic variables onthe same date, then time series were created that would later be correlated to know quantitatively the linear and non-linear relationships of these data sets , for these purposes were used the correlation coefficient of Pearson and Spearman respectively, In addition to this was performed the correlation with the delays or lag of the climatic variables to determine the correlations and effects of a climate variable on the incidence of future cases and how many days later this effect is reflected. The COVID19 incidence data were taken from the Ministry of Health of Panama and compared with climatic variables of the weather station belonging to Florida State University and the observatory in Punta Culebra of the Smithsonian Institute of Tropical Diseases, the correlated variables were temperature, relative humidity, solar radiation and UV radiation. The data were grouped in two ways, by day and by week, by grouping them by week it is possible to observe a correlation with solar radiation that is not appreciatedif the data are grouped by day. The data indicate that there is a correlation of climate variables with the incidence of COVID-19 cases. Additionally, the event of the pandemic was analyzed in the averages of the climatic variables.Este trabajo busca correlacionar de manera cuantitativa la incidencia de COVID-19 con las variables climáticas en la República de Panamá, para este fin se utilizó la incidencia de COVID-19 desde el inicio de la pandemia el día 9 de marzo de 2020, las variables climáticas en las mismas fecha, luego se crearon series de tiempo que después serian correlacionadas para conocer de manera cuantitativa las relaciones lineales y no-lineales de estos conjuntos de datos, para estos fines se utilizaron los coeficiente de correlación de Pearson y Spearman respectivamente, Además de esto se realizó la correlación con los retrasos o lag de las variables climáticas para determinar las correlaciones y efectos de una variable climática en la incidencia de casos futuros y cuantos díasdespués se ve este efecto reflejado. Los datos de incidencia de COVID19 fueron tomados del Ministerio de Salud de Panamá y comparados con variables climáticas de la estación meteorológica perteneciente a la Florida State University y el observatorio en Punta Culebra del Instituto Smithsonian de Enfermedades Tropicales, las variables correlacionadas fueron temperatura, humedad relativa, radiación solar y radiación UV. Los datos fueron agrupados de dos maneras, por día y por semana, al agruparlos porsemana se logra observar una correlación con la radiación solar que no se aprecia si se agrupan los datos por día. Los datos indican que existe una correlación de las variables climáticas con la incidencia de casos de COVID-19. Adicional se analizó el evento de la pandemia en los promedios de las variables climáticas