Planificación y Optimización Automática de Redes Móviles LTE

Osa Ginés, V. (2013). Planificación y Optimización Automática de Redes Móviles LTE [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/29755TESI

Localization in Wireless Networks: The Potential of Triangulation Techniques

User localization is one of the key service-enablers in broadband mobile communications. Moreover, from a different point of view, next steps towards automatic network optimization also depend upon the capability of the system to perform real-time user localization, in order to obtain the traffic distribution. The aim of this paper is to get deeper into the feasibility and accuracy of different localization mechanisms ranging from triangulation to database correlation. Call tracing data extracted from a real operating mobile network have been used to assess these algorithms after the execution of an extensive measurements campaign. Results show that enhanced triangulation offers the best performance even outperforming other more sophisticated mechanisms like fingerprinting, without introducing any change in the network and without requiring any special characteristic of the user equipment. Indeed, the lack of precision of channel estimates, which for the same position could differ up to 10 dB, introduces a large uncertainty that harms localization mechanisms based on database correlation. Finally, this paper identifies the areas for improvement in triangulation to reach its maximum potential, provides details for its implementation and analyzes the performance of the different proposed enhancements. © 2012 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC.The authors would like to thank the funding received from the Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio within the Project number TSI-020100-2010-183 and from the Generalitat Valenciana IMIDTA/2010/800 funds.Osa Ginés, V.; Matamales Casañ, J.; Monserrat Del Río, JF.; López Bayo, J. (2013). Localization in Wireless Networks: The Potential of Triangulation Techniques. Wireless Personal Communications. 68(4):1525-1538. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0537-2S15251538684Laiho J., Wacker A., Novosad T. (2006) Radio Network Planning and Optimisation for UMTS 2nd Edn. Wiley, AmsterdamOsa V., Matamales J., Monserrat J. et al (2010) Expert systems for the automatic optimisation of 3G networks. WAVES 2: 97–105Gustafsson F., Gunnarsson F. (2005) Mobile positioning using wireless networks: Possibilites and fundamental limitations based on available wireless network measurements. IEEE Signal Processing Magazine 22(4): 41–53. doi: 10.1109/MSP.2005.1458284Gezici S. (2008) A survey on wireless position estimation. Springer Wireless Personal Communications 44(3): 263–282. doi: 10.1007/s11277-007-9375-zBahillo, A., Mazuelas, S., & Lorenzo, R.M., et al. (2010). Accurate and integrated localization system for indoor environments based on IEEE 802.11 round-trip time measurements.EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking, 2010, Article ID 102095, p. 13. doi: 10.1155/2010/102095 .Yang Z., Liu Y. (2010) Quality of trilateration: Confidence-based iterative localization. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems 21(5): 631–640. doi: 10.1109/TPDS.2009.90Zimmermann, D., et al. (2004). Database correlation for positioning of mobile terminals in cellular networks using wave propagation models. In IEEE 60th Vehicular Technology Conference (Vol. 7, pp. 4682–4686) doi: 10.1109/VETECF.2004.1404980 .Zhao Y. (2002) Standardization of mobile phone positioning for 3G systems. IEEE Communications Magazine 40(7): 108–116. doi: 10.1109/MCOM.2002.1018015Caffery J.J., Stuber G.L. (1998) Overview of radiolocation in CDMA cellular systems. IEEE Communications Magazine 36(4): 38–45. doi: 10.1109/35.667411Kaaranen H., Ahtiainen A., Laitinen L., Naghian S., Niemi V. (2005) UMTS networks: Architecture, mobility and services. Wiley, Amsterdam3GPP. (2010). TS 25.215 Physical layer; Measurements (FDD). http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/25_series/25.215/25215-920.zip .3GPP. (2010). TS 25.133 Requirements for support of radio resource management. http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/25_series/25.133/25133-950.zip .3GPP. (2009). TS 45.010 Radio subsystem synchronization. http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/45_series/45.010/45010-900.zip .Kos, T., Grgic, M., & Sisul, G. (2006). Mobile user positioning in GSM/UMTS cellular networks. In 48th International Symposium ELMAR-2006 focused on multimedia signal processing and communications (pp. 185–188). doi: 10.1109/ELMAR.2006.329545 .Kirkpatrick S., Gelatt C. D. Jr., Vecchi M. P. (1983) Optimization by simulated annealing. Science 220(4598): 671–680. doi: 10.1126/science.220.4598.671Hepsaydir, E. (1999). Analysis of mobile positioning measurements in CDMA cellular networks. In Radio and Wireless Conference, RAWCON 99 (pp. 73–76). doi: 10.1109/RAWCON.1999.810933 .Villebrun, E., Ben Hadj Alaya, A., Boursier, Y., & Noisette, N. (2006). Indoor Outdoor user discrimination in mobile wireless networks. In Vehicular Technology Conference 2006 Fall (pp. 1–5, 25–28). doi: 10.1109/VTCF.2006.500 .Farr, T.G., et al. (2007). The shuttle radar topography mission. Reviews of geophysics, Vol. 45, RG2004, 33 pp. doi: 10.1029/2005RG000183

Adult Attachment Questionnaire: evidence of validity in a sample of IPVAW offenders

IntroductionAdult attachment can be understood as a cognitive and emotional system concerning oneself and others, based on previous attachment experiences throughout life. This system automatically affects relationships with others. Because of its importance in the interpersonal domain, it has been studied on numerous occasions in research on intimate partner violence. The aim of this study was to obtain evidence of validity of the Adult Attachment Questionnaire (AAQ) in a sample of 331 men convicted of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW).MethodsThe AAQ assesses adult attachment style in four dimensions that, together, yield four attachment categories. A psychometric analysis was performed, including reliability analysis and confirmatory factor analysis of the items, which ratified the factorial structure of the questionnaire. For a correct fit of the model, it was necessary to eliminate 4 of the items from the original scale.ResultsA latent profile analysis was also carried out, which identified four attachment styles: secure, preoccupied/anxious, avoidant/dismissing and fearful. Reliability indices were adequate. In general, the attachment profiles obtained ranges and means similar to those found in the general population study. The distribution of attachment styles was not equal: 50.57% of the participants presented secure attachment, 4.57% avoidant/dismissing attachment, 36.9% preoccupied/anxious, and 8.57% fearful.DiscussionIn conclusion, a valid and reliable instrument was determined based on the original AAQ scale to measure attachment in men convicted of IPVAW

Towards User-Centric Operation in 5G Networks

© 2016 Monserrat et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.There are three pillars that characterize the new 5G revolution, namely, the use of heterogeneous wireless access technologies conforming an ultra-dense network, the software-driven flexibility of this network, and the simplified and user-centric operation and management of the system. This next-generation network operation and management shall be based on the usage of Big Data Analytics techniques to monitor the end-user quality of experience through direct measures of the network. This paper describes the Astellia approach towards this network revolution and presents some results on the performance of quality estimation techniques in current cellular networks. Thanks to the use of this approach, operators may fill the gap of knowledge between network key performance indicators and user experience. This way, they can operate in a proactive manner and have actual measurements of the users' experience, which leads to a fairer judgement of the users' complaints.The authors would like to thank the funding received from the Ministerio de Industria, Energia y Turismo TSI-100102-2013-106 funds.Monserrat Del Río, JF.; Alepuz Benaches, I.; Cabrejas Peñuelas, J.; Osa Ginés, V.; López Bayo, J.; García-Zarza, R.; Domenech-Benlloch, MJ.... (2016). Towards User-Centric Operation in 5G Networks. EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking. 2016(6):1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13638-015-0506-zS1720166J Monserrat et al., Rethinking the mobile and wireless network architecture: the METIS research into 5G, in European Conference on Networks and Communications (EuCNC), 2014, pp. 1–55G-PPP, The 5G Infrastructure Public Private Partnership: the next generation of communication networks and services, 2015. Available at http://5g-ppp.eu/wp-content/uploads/2015/02/5G-Vision-Brochure-v1.pdfJF Monserrat, M Fallgren (eds.), Report on simulation results and evaluations, 2015. ICT-317669 METIS Deliverable 6.5Z Yingxiao, Z Ying Jun, User-centric virtual cell design for Cloud Radio Access Networks, in IEEE Signal Processing Advances in Wireless Communications (SPAWC), 2014, pp. 249–253JF Monserrat, G Mange, V Braun, H Tullberg, G Zimmermann, Ö Bulakci, METIS research advances towards the 5G mobile and wireless system definition. EURASIP. J. Wirel. Commun. Netw. 2015, 53 (2015)F Boccardi, RW Heath, A Lozano, TL Marzetta, P Popovski, Five disruptive technology directions for 5G. IEEE. Commun. Mag. 52(2), 74–80 (2014)P Agyapong, M Iwamura, D Staehle, W Kiess, A Benjebbour, Design considerations for a 5G network architecture. IEEE. Commun. Mag. 52(11), 65–75 (2014)Nokia Siemens Networks, Acquisition and retention white paper, 2013. http://networks.nokia.com/sites/default/files/document/acquisition___retention_white_paper.pdfDZ Yazti, S Krishnaswamy, Mobile big data analytics: research, practice, and opportunities, in IEEE 15th International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM), 2014R Kreher, UMTS performance measurement: a practical guide to KPIs for the UTRAN environment (Wiley, Chichester, 2006)S Mehrotra, On the implementation of a primal-dual interior point method. SIAM. J. Optim. 2, 575–601 (1992)V Osa, J Matamales, J Monserrat, J Lopez, Localization in wireless networks: the potential of triangulation techniques. Wirel. Pers. Commun. 68(4), 1525–1538 (2013

Procedimiento de fabricación de tejidos fosforescentes de larga duración y tejidos obtenidos a partir del mismo

La invención describe un nuevo procedimiento para la fabricación de tejidos fosforescentes de larga duración, y de prendas que comprenden dicho tejido para su uso en los ámbitos tales como el de la seguridad, doméstico, deportivo, sanitario, profesional, etc. El procedimiento comprende (i) preparar una composición para tinción que comprende un pigmento de aluminato de estroncio dopado con europio y disprosio, (ii) recubrir un tejido de partida con dicha composición mediante rasqueta al aire o cilindro, (iii) secado y (iv) polimerizado. Los tejidos así obtenidos presentan propiedades fosforescentes de larga duración y una alta resistencia al lavado, manteniendo las especificaciones de fábrica del tejido de partida con respecto a sus propiedades mecánicas, de comodidad, de transpirabilidad y/o sus propiedades de alta visibilidad, en su caso.Solicitud: 201430741 (20.05.2014)Nº de Pub. de Solicitud: ES2551759A1 (23.11.2015)Nº de Patente: ES2551759B1 (09.09.2016

Longer intervals between SARS-CoV-2 infection and mRNA-1273 doses improve the neutralization of different variants of concern

The humoral immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern elicited by vaccination was evaluated in COVID-19 recovered individuals (Rec) separated 1-3 months (Rec2m) or 4-12 months (Rec9m) postinfection and compared to the response in naïve participants. Antibody-mediated immune responses were assessed in 66 participants by three commercial immunoassays and a SARS-CoV-2 lentiviral-based pseudovirus neutralization assay. Immunoglobulin (Ig) levels against SARS-CoV-2 spike were lower in naïve participants after two doses than in Rec after a single dose (p < 0.05). After two doses in Rec, levels of total Ig to receptor-binding domain were significantly increased in Rec9m compared to Rec2m (p < 0.001). The neutralizing potency observed in Rec9m was consistently higher than in Rec2m against variants of concern (VOCs) Alpha, Beta, Delta, and BA.1 sublineage of Omicron with 2.2-2.8-fold increases. Increasing the interval between SARS-CoV-2 infection and the vaccination with messenger RNA-based vaccines to more than 3 months generates a more efficient heterologous humoral immune response against VOCs by allowing enough time to mount a strong recall memory B cell response.This work is funded by Instituto de Salud Carlos III, a Spanish public body assigned to the Ministry of Science and Innovation that manages and promotes public clinical research related to Public Health, by Grants PI19CIII/00004 (José Alcamí and Francisco Díez‐Fuertes) and PI21CIII/00025 (Javier García‐Pérez and Mayte Pérez‐Olmeda), COVID‐19 Fund (Grants COV20/00679 (Javier García‐Pérez, Mayte Pérez‐Olmeda, José Alcamí, and Francisco Díez‐Fuertes) and COV20/00072 (Javier García‐Pérez, Mayte Pérez‐Olmeda, Almudena Ramírez‐García, María Castillo de la Osa, Rocio Layunta Acero, Laura Vicente‐Izquierdo, Cristina Avendaño‐Solá, and José Alcamí), and CIBERINFEC, co‐financed by the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) “A way to make Europe.”S

Impaired Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity in a Spanish Cohort of Patients With COVID-19 Admitted to the ICU

SARS-CoV-2 infection causes COVID-19, ranging from mild to critical disease in symptomatic subjects. It is essential to better understand the immunologic responses occurring in patients with the most severe outcomes. In this study, parameters related to the humoral immune response elicited against SARS-CoV-2 were analysed in 61 patients with different presentations of COVID-19 who were recruited in Hospitals and Primary Healthcare Centres in Madrid, Spain, during the first pandemic peak between April and June 2020. Subjects were allocated as mild patients without hospitalization, severe patients hospitalized or critical patients requiring ICU assistance. Critical patients showed significantly enhanced levels of B cells with memory and plasmablast phenotypes, as well as higher levels of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 with neutralization ability, which were particularly increased in male gender. Despite all this, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity was defective in these individuals. Besides, patients with critical COVID-19 also showed increased IgG levels against herpesvirus such as CMV, EBV, HSV-1 and VZV, as well as detectable CMV and EBV viremia in plasma. Altogether, these results suggest an enhanced but ineffectual immune response in patients with critical COVID-19 that allowed latent herpesvirus reactivation. These findings should be considered during the clinical management of these patients due to the potential contribution to the most severe disease during SARS-CoV-2 infection.This work was supported by the Coordinated Research Activities at the Centro Nacional de Microbiología (CNM, Instituto de Salud Carlos III) (COV20_00679) to promote an integrated response against SARS-CoV-2 in Spain (Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation) that is coordinated by Dr Inmaculada Casas (WHO National Influenza Center of the CNM) and a generous donation provided by Chiesi España, S.A.U. (Barcelona, Spain). The funder was not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, the writing of this article or the decision to submit it for publication. This work was also supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (PID2019 110275RB-I00); the Spanish AIDS Research Network RD16CIII/0002/0001 that is included in Acción Estratégica en Salud, Plan Nacional de Investigación Científica, Desarrollo e Innovación Tecnológica 2016-2020, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Region Development Fund (ERDF); Miguel Servet - AESI, MPY 341/21. The work of ML-H and SR is financed by NIH grant R01AI143567. The work of MT is supported by Instituto de Salud Carlos III (COV20_00679). The work of LV is supported by a predoctoral grant from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (FIS PI16CIII/00034-ISCIII-FEDER).S

Fungal microbiota dynamics and its geographic, age and gender variability in patients with cystic fibrosis

[Objectives] In cystic fibrosis (CF), there is a predisposition to bronchial colonization by potentially pathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi. Our aims were to describe the dynamics of respiratory mycobiota in patients with CF and to evaluate the geographic, age and gender variability in its distribution.[Methods] Cohort study in which 45 patients with CF from four hospitals in three Spanish cities were followed up during a 1-year period, obtaining spontaneous sputum samples every 3 to 6 months. Fungal microbiota were characterized by Internal Transcribed Spacer sequencing and Pneumocystis jirovecii was identified by nested PCR in a total of 180 samples.[Results] The presence of fungi were detected in 119 (66.11%) of the 180 samples and in 44 (97.8%) of the 45 patients: 19 were positive and 1 negative throughout all follow-ups and the remaining 25 presented alternation between positive and negative results. A total of 16 different genera were identified, with Candida spp. (50/180, 27.78%) and Pneumocystis spp. (44/180, 24.44%) being the most prevalent ones. The distribution of fungal genera was different among the evaluated centres (p < 0.05), by age (non-adults aged 6–17 years vs. adults aged ≥18 years) (p < 0.05) and by gender (p < 0.05).[Discussion] A high prevalence of fungal respiratory microbiota in patients with CF was observed, whose dynamics are characterized by the existence of multiple cycles of clearance and colonization, reporting the existence of geographic, age and gender variability in the distribution of fungal genera in this disease.The study was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (grant number FIS-PS09/00957), by Plan Andaluz de Investigación, Desarrollo e Innovación, Consejería de Economía Conocimiento, Empresas y Universidad de la Junta de Andalucía (grant number PS20_00894), and by Consejería de Salud y Familia, Junta de Andalucía (grant number CSyF Exp. RH-0061/2021).Peer reviewe

Implementing opportunistic spectrum access in LTE-Advanced

Long term evolution advanced (LTE-A) has emerged as a promising mobile broadband access technology aiming to cope with the increasing traffic demand in wireless networks. However, the enhanced spectral efficiency offered by LTE-A may become futile without a better management of scarce and overcrowded electromagnetic spectrum. In this sense, cognitive radio (CR) has been proposed as a potential solution to the problem of spectrum scarcity. Among all the mechanisms provided by CR, opportunistic spectrum access (OSA) aims at a dynamic and seamless use of certain licensed bands provided the licensee is not harmfully affected. This operation requires spectral awareness in order to avoid interferences with licensed systems. In spite of implementing some spectrum sensing mechanisms, LTE-A technology lacks other tools that are needed in order to improve the knowledge of the radio environment. This work studies the adoption of a Geo-located data base (Geo-DB) that cooperatively retrieves and maintains information regarding the location of unutilized portions of spectrum potentially available for OSA. Moreover, the potential benefit of this LTE-compliant OSA solution is evaluated using a calibrated simulation tool, by which numerical results allow us to optimally configure the system and show that the proposed opportunistic system is able to significantly improve its performance.The authors would like to thank the funding received from the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion within the Project number TEC2011-27723-C02-02 and from the Ministerio de Industria, Turismo y Comercio TSI-020100-2011-266 funds. This article had been written in the framework of the CELTIC project CP08-001 COMMUNE. Study by X. Gelabert is funded by the BP-DGR 2010 scholarship (ref. 00192). 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