Autoritarisme de dretes: antecedents i perspectives de futur

Aquest article presenta els principals antecedents per a l'estudi psicològic de l'autoritarisme de dretes. Per a tal fi es parteix dels treballs del Grup de Berkeley (1950) sobre la personalitat autoritària, posteriorment s'introdueix el concepte de dogmatisme proposat per Rokeach (1960) i després es comenten les aportacions d'Altemeyer (1981, 2004) sobre l'autoritarisme de dretes. Després es discuteix la possibilitat de l'estudi de l'autoritarisme en el continu ideològic d'esquerres i finalment s'exposen alguns dels avanços de l'última dècada sobre la dimensionalitat del constructe (Funke 2005, Mavor, Louis & Laythe 2011, Smith & Winter 2002), que permetrà avançar en l'esclariment del conflicte entre teoria i empíria entorn del fenomen de l'autoritarisme.This article presents the major psychological schools from which you have addressed the phenomenon of authoritarianism to today. To this aim, part of the work of the Group of Berkeley (1950) about the authoritarian personality, then introduces the concept proposed by Rokeach Dogmatism (1960) and then discuss the contributions of Altemeyer (1981, 2004) on the authoritarian right wing. Then, we discuss the possibility of authoritarianism in the study of left-wing ideological spectrum, and finally present some of the latest developments on the dimensionality of the construct (Funke 2005; Mavor, Louis & Laythe 2011; Smith & Winter 2002), which would further clarify the conflicting empirical theory about the phenomenon of authoritarianism

Knowledge management and organizational culture in a software development enterprise

The aim of this study was to analysis knowledge management and organizational culture at a Spanish software development enterprise. For this purpose, two different tasks were performed: first, analysis of knowledge management levels and organizational culture; and second, analysis of the relationship between organizational culture and knowledge management. The sample consisted of 196 employees between 21 and 45 years old, with 119 (61.3%) men. To achieve the objectives, adaptations of the Organizational Knowledge Practices (OKP) questionnaire (Cortijo, & Quintanilla, 2004) and the “Organizational Culture Inventory” (OCI) were used (Cooke & Lafferty, 1987). Based on the results, it appears that the company is oriented towards a constructive organizational culture. It also seems that the company emphasizes efficient knowledge management practices, especially in regard to teamwork. Finally, the link between organizational culture and knowledge management seems to be proven. As hypothesized, constructive culture is positively related to knowledge management performance, while Passive–Defensive and Aggressive–Defensive cultures are negatively related. All these results are particularly interesting considering that in the scientific literature such relationships have been proposed from a theoretical perspective, but only a few studies have explored these questions at the empirical level.Economí

The role of emotion awareness and mood: somatic complaints and social adjustment in late childhood

Emotion awareness is a key concept related to different child adjustment outcomes. This relationship, influenced by mood, has been found in the preadolescent and adolescent population for somatic complaints. However, little is known in the case of younger children and when other adjustment outcomes are included. The objective of this work is to analyze the contribution of emotion awareness and mood upon different adjustment outcomes (somatic complaints, maladjustment, and peer sociometric status), in children aged 8-12 years old. Self-reported questionnaires and peer-nomination scales were administered to 1423 children (mean age = 9.8 years old). Results support the influence of emotion awareness reinforced by mood, not only upon somatic complaints, but also upon new indicators of personal and social maladjustment, within an age bracket that has not been considered previously. These results stress the importance of emotional abilities and the corresponding affective moods in children's daily life

Does the level of competition influence the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and service quality?

In times of economic instability and increasingly competitive environments, organisations need to differentiate themselves and find the best version of themselves. Entrepreneurial orientation (EO) is increasingly present in organisations in general and constitutes an opportunity to improve performance in the sports associations sector. Sporting clubs are organisations of great qualitative and quantitative relevance, although few studies have approached their entrepreneurial character as an opportunity to seek success in achieving their goals. Although the positive relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and organisational performance has been well established, the moderating role of other variables in this relationship has not been studied to the same extent. The aim of this study is to analyse the relationship between EO with its constitutive dimensions (innovation, proactivity and risk-taking), with service quality (SQ) considered as the performance variable. The study has been approached considering entrepreneurship orientation from both a one-dimensional and multidimensional point of view, taking into account the discrepancies observed in the literature. The moderating role of the competition level (CL) of Spanish basketball clubs in this relationship was analysed as well, and this analysis was performed using the PROCESS macro, designed to test moderation by directly evaluating the importance of the indirect effect of the independent variable (X; EO INNO, RISK, and PROAC) on the dependent variable (Y; SQ) through a moderator: CL (M). The study was carried out with 103 Spanish basketball clubs (61% from the national category and 39% from the regional category). The results show significantly higher results in proactivity and EO in national sports clubs. There is also a relationship between all the variables studied (innovation, proactivity, risk taking, EO and service quality). The variables that best explain service quality are risk taking and entrepreneurial orientation. However, there is no moderating role for the competition level in the relationship between innovation, proactivity, risk taking and EO, with service quality

Valor percibido, satisfacción e intenciones futuras en los servicios deportivos Poner congruencia y confianza de marca en la ecuación – Modelos lineales vs QCA

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of brand-related variables as congruence and brand trust on the traditional model formed by perceived quality, perceived value (PV) and satisfaction, in order to compare predictive models for the variables of PV, satisfaction and future intentions of 683 users of sports services.El objetivo es analizar el papel de las variables relacionadas con la marca como la congruencia y la confianza en la marca en el modelo tradicional formado por la calidad percibida, el valor percibido y la satisfacción, con el fin de comparar modelos predictivos para las variables de valor percibido, satisfacción e intenciones futuras de 683 usuarios de servicios deportivos.Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deport

Evaluación de eventos deportivos por el deportista con discapacidad : aporte individual (Modelos de regresión) vs. interacción (Qca)

El presente estudio pretende analizar el impacto que variables de gestión (Calidad del Servicio, Valor Percibido y Satisfacción General), así como variables de la propia discapacidad (origen y tipo de discapacidad) influyen sobre las Intenciones Futuras de volver al evento de los deportistas con discapacidad. Se trata de un estudio particularmente interesante teniendo en cuenta la escasa literatura existente, así como por incluir variables propias de la discapacidad en el análisis y por combinar modelos de regresión tradicionales y un modelo fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA). La muestra del presente estudio consistió en 231 deportistas con discapacidad que participaron en 14 competiciones deportivas durante las temporadas 2013-2014 y 2014-2015. El modelo de regresión jerárquica sugiere que las variables de gestión parecen más relevantes que las relacionadas con la propia discapacidad. Por su parte, en base a los resultados de los modelos fsQCA, la única variable necesaria para la intención de volver al evento es el no tener una discapacidad visual, mientras que la condición suficiente más explicativa resulta de la combinación de tener la discapacidad de nacimiento, alto Valor percibido, alta Satisfacción y alta Calidad Servicio.This study aims to analyze the impact of management variables (Service Quality, Perceived Value and General Satisfaction) and variables of disability itself (origin and type of disability) on the future intentions to attend again of disabled athletes. This is a particularly interesting study taking into account the limited existing literature, the inclusion of disability variables in the analysis and due to the combination of traditional regression models and fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis models (fsQCA). The sample of this study consisted of 231 disabled athletes participating in 14 sports competitions during 2013-2014 and 2014-2015 seasons. The hierarchical regression model suggests that management variables seem more relevant than those related to the disability itself. Meanwhile, based on the results of the fsQCA model, the only necessary condition for future intentions to return to the event is not having a visual impairment, while the most explanatory sufficient condition results from the combination of having a disability from birth, high perceived value, high general satisfaction and high service quality

Adaptación en la infancia: Influencia del estilo parental y del estado de ánimo

La adaptación en la infancia hace referencia al ajuste personal, social y familiar que los niños manifiestan. Esta variable está relacionada con factores personales y familiares que influyen en su desarrollo. Entre ellos los estados emocionales y el estilo educativo que los padres utilizan para educar a sus hijos. El objetivo del presente trabajo es estudiar el valor predictivo de los estilos parentales y los estados emocionales sobre la adaptación infantil. Los participantes fueron 1129 niños entre 8 y 12 años de colegios de la Comunidad Valenciana. Los estilos educativos se evaluaron con las Escalas de Identificación de "Prácticas Educativas Familiares", los estados de ánimo a través de The Mood Questionnaire y la adaptación infantil con The Multifactorial Selfreported Childhood Adjustment Test. La investigación fue autorizada por las autoridades correspondientes y por los padres. Se han realizado pruebas t, correlaciones y regresiones jerárquicas. Los resultados muestran que los chicos obtienen puntuaciones más altas en estilo Autoritario, Inadaptación Escolar, Social y General. Mientras que las chicas puntúan más alto en estilo Democrático y Miedo. Los estilos educativos se relacionan con los estados emocionales y con la adaptación y ambas variables explican el 30 % de la varianza en adaptación. Como conclusión destacar que el estilo Democrático es más frecuente en las chicas y el Autoritario en los chicos, siendo esto perjudicial para ellos en términos de adaptación, especialmente en los ámbitos escolar y social. Así como que los estados emocionales son mejor predictor de la inadaptación infantil

Adaptation and validation of the spanish version of the instrument to Evaluate nurses’ attitudes toward communication with the patient for nursing students

Communication is essential to the quality of care and patient satisfaction. It has been linked to positive patient outcomes, increased engagement, improved health outcomes, and safe practices. Given these benefits and the association between attitudes and behaviors, as behaviors can be predicted by studying attitudes, assessing attitudes of nursing students toward patient communication is critical for future nursing professionals. For this purpose, the main aim of this study was to adapt and validate an instrument to measure nurses’ attitudes toward communication (ACO) for nursing students. The ACO with patients was analyzed. Then, differences in the dimensions of the instrument (ACO) for nursing students according to an academic course and the correlations were calculated. A cross-sectional study was carried out in a convenience sample of 1,417 nursing students from five universities in the Valencian Community (Spain) during the 2018/2019 academic year and 83.8% (1,187) were women. The reliability was analyzed by using Cronbach’s alpha and composite reliability (CR). Analysis of construct validity was performed with exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The instrument adapted from nurses to nursing students was composed of 25 items grouped in three dimensions: affective, cognitive, and behavioral. The psychometric properties suggested that the instrument ACO for nursing students was reliable and valid. The ACO of nursing students was positive with high levels in cognitive and behavioral dimensions, while scores were worst in the affective component. The second-year nursing students showed more positive attitudes in the affective dimension, while in the cognitive and behavioral dimensions, the most positive attitudes were found in the first year. In the correlations, the behavioral and cognitive dimensions showed a significant, positive, and very high correlation. These findings should be considered in developing academic plans to improve the effectiveness of the communication education process of the students to increase the quality of patient care and well-being of nursing students

Physical Education classes, sports motivation and adolescence : study of some moderating variables

Adolescence is considered a stage in which there are high rates of sports drop out, and this evidence justifies the need to study those factors that may affect this fact. Importance and Utility of Physical Education Perception (IUPEP) is shown in the literature as a factor to consider when studying this phenomenon, and seems to be affected by the Sport Motivation (SM) of young people. Although the relationship between these two constructs has been studied, it has not been the moderating role that other constructs such as the Professor Learning Climate (PLC) or Student Learning Orientation (SLO) can have in this relationship. The present study analyzes the relationship between IUPEP and SM, as well as the moderating role of PLC and SLO in this relationship. This analyses was performed using the PROCESS macro (Hayes, 2013), designed for testing the moderation by directly assessing the significance of the indirect effect of the independent variable (X; SM) on the dependent variable (Y; IUPEP) through two moderators: PLC (M) and SLO (W). The study was carried out with 267 adolescents from eight classes of public centers in Valencia, aged between 11 and 18 years (mean = 14.04 ± 1.64), 52.8% male. The results suggest that Sports Motivation explains 21% of the Importance and Utility of Physical Education Perception, and, in addition, a moderating role of Professor Learning Climate and Student Learning Orientation in this relationship is observed.La adolescencia está considerada como una etapa en la que existen altas tasas de abandono deportivo, y esta evidencia justifica la necesidad de estudio de aquellos factores que puedan afectar a este hecho. La Percepción de la importancia y utilidad otorgada a la educación física (IUPEP) se muestra en la literatura como un factor a considerar a la hora de estudiar este fenómeno, y parece estar afectada por la motivación deportiva (SM) de los jóvenes. Aunque la relación entre estos dos constructos ha sido estudiada, no lo ha sido el papel moderador que pueden tener en esta relación otros constructos como el clima de aprendizaje propiciado por el profesor (PLC) o la orientación al aprendizaje del alumno (SLO). El presente estudio analiza la relación entre IUPEP y SM, así como el papel moderador de PLC y SLO en dicha relación. Para el análisis se utiliza la macro PROCESS (Hayes, 2013), diseñada para testear la moderación mediante la evaluación de la importancia del efecto indirecto de la variable independiente (X; SM) sobre la variable dependiente (Y; IUPEP), a través de dos moderadores: PLC (M) y SLO (W). El estudio se llevó a cabo con 267 adolescentes de ocho clases de centros públicos de Valencia, con edades comprendidas entre los 11 y 18 años, (Media=14.04 ± 1.64), 52.8 % varones. Los resultados sugieren que la motivación deportiva explica en 21% de la percepción de la importancia y utilidad de las clases de educación física, además de observarse un papel moderador del clima de aprendizaje propiciado por el profesor y la orientación al aprendizaje del alumno en esta relación

Why are you passive? : Understanding teen's sports intentions by QCA and LM

Physical inactivity is one of the most critical issues in our society. Several studies have pointed that during adolescence Physical Activity levels decline the most, becoming a critical period in the acquisition of active lifelong habits. This study aims an understanding of the variables that predict the intention of being physically active (IPA) in high school students after completing their education, comparing two different methodologies: Lineal Models (LM) and Comparative Qualitative Analysis (QCA). No research has combined these methodologies before to see the intention of being physically active in high school. 307 adolescents from 14 to 19 years old (Mean=15.64 ±1.12), 55.5% boys, participated in the research. To get the results, a Hierarchical Regression Model with two steps; 1: Attitude toward the Behaviour (ATB), Perceived Behavioural Control (PBC) and Subjective Norm (SN); 2: Athletic Identity (AI) and Physical Self-concept (PSC) and a Fuzzy-set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA) were performed. The first step explain 26% of IPA while the addition on step to explains 65% 2 = .38), AI is the most influential aspect (β=.74). Considering the fsQCA results, none of the conditions is crucial condition of IPA, although low levels of PBC seem to be the most important condition of not having IPA. Regarding sufficiency, five combinations explain 70% of IPA. The three most important combinations where having high levels of PSC and PBC; high levels of AI and ATB; and high levels PBC and ATB (explaining 45%; 60% and 43% respectively of IPA). In general QCA is more explanatory than LM.La inactividad física es uno de los temas más críticos en nuestra sociedad. Diferentes estudios han señalado que durante la adolescencia los niveles de Actividad Física disminuyen, convirtiéndose en un período crítico en la adquisición de hábitos activos que perduren a lo largo de toda la vida. Es por ello que este estudio tiene como objetivo comprender las variables que predicen la intención de ser físicamente activo (IFA) en estudiantes de secundaria después de completar su educación, comparando dos metodologías diferentes: Modelos Lineales (ML) y Análisis Cualitativo Comparativo (ACC). Ninguna investigación ha combinado anteriormente estas metodologías para conocer la intención de ser físicamente activo en la escuela secundaria. 307 adolescentes de 14 a 19 años ± 1,12), 55,5% varones, participaron en la investigación. Para obtener los resultados, se realizó un Modelo de Regresión Jerárquica con dos pasos 1: Actitud hacia el Comportamiento (AHC), Control del Comportamiento Percibido (CCC) y Norma Subjetiva (NS); 2: Se añadió la identidad atlética (IA) y el autoconcepto físico (AF), y un análisis comparativo cualitativo de Fuzzy-set (fsQCA). El primer paso explica el 26% de IFA mientras que la adición en el siguiente paso explica el 65% (R2 = .38), siendo IA el aspecto más influyente (β = .74). Considerando los resultados de la fsQCA, ninguna de las condiciones es condición necesaria de las IFA, aunque los niveles bajos de CCC parecen ser la condición más importante de no tener IFA. En cuanto a la suficiencia, cinco combinaciones explican el 70% de las IFA. Las tres combinaciones más importantes donde tienen altos niveles de AF y CCC; altos niveles de IA y AHC; CCC y AHC (explicando un 45%, 60% y 43%, respectivamente, de IPA). En general, el ACC es más explicativo que el ML