Tempranillo physiological and agronomical responses to heat and drought stress – perspectives on its vulnerability under climate change scenarios

With the aim to characterize the ability of Tempranillo grapevines, one of the most widely used varieties in Spain and Portugal, to withstand drought and heat stress, ecophysiological and agronomical data from irrigation experiments conducted in the hot and dry region of Alentejo, south of Portugal, are presented. The impact of different irrigation treatments on physiological parameters (leaf water potential, photosynthesis, and stomatal conductance) and water use efficiency are showed. Leaf senescence observed in non-irrigated and deficit irrigated plants and its consequences on cluster exposure and berry temperature are compared with those of fully irrigated plants. The consequences on berry ripening and juice composition are discussed in order to evaluate the vulnerability of Tempranillo to the expected global climatic changeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An attempt to quantify grapevine water stress in a mediterranean environment

Aiming to quantify the effects of the intensity and duration of grapevine water stress, physiological and agronomical data from an irrigation experiment conducted during 1999 at Alentejo, south of Portugal, with the red variety Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) were correlated with an water stress index (Sψ). This index was calculated by the integral of predawn leaf water potential below –0.2 MPa between bloom and harvest. Significant relationships were found between the Sψ, yield components and berry composition. The multiple regression analysis shows that the Sψ in the period bloom-veraison has a higher contribution to explain the variation in berry weight, anthocyanins and phenolics concentration than the Sψ in the period veraison-harvest. The knowledge of those relationships, together with the relationship between available soil water content and predawn leaf water potential, may allow the adequate management of soil water availability to optimise the yield/quality ratio for each ecological situationinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Relationships between leaf water potential and photosynthetic activity of field grapevines grown under different soil water regimes

Relationships between ecophysiological parameters from a grapevine irrigation experiment (rain-fed vs. deficit irrigation) conducted during 1998 at Alentejo, south of Portugal, with the red variety Aragonez (syn. Tempranillo) are presented and discussed. The irrigation affected positively grapevine physiology without changing berry composition. Predawn leaf water potential shows a significant dependence on available soil water, measured by a neutron probe, the correlation coefficients being higher in nonirrigated plants than in irrigated ones. Leaf water potential (Ψ) values measured in exposed leaves in the morning and afternoon were also significantly correlated with available soil water. Net CO2 assimilation rate (A) and stomatal conductance (gs) of sun leaves measured throughout the growing season at three different periods of the day were significantly correlated with predawn leaf water potential, nonirrigated vines presenting the highest correlation coefficients. Significant correlations were also found between Ψ and A or gs measured in the early morning. Our results show that, in water stress conditions, predawn leaf water potential can be used as an indicator of soil water availability and physiological activity of sun exposed leavesinfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Roadmap for implementation of genomics in healthcare: towards equity in access to genomics

As atividades do WP5 do projeto B1MG resultaram num documento intitulado "A Roadmap for genomics in healthcare", que se constitui como um guia e suporte para os sistemas de saúde que pretendam implementar a genómica nos cuidados de saúde, facilitando a utilização do Maturity Level Model e providenciando acesso a guidelines e documentos desenvolvidos no âmbito de outras iniciativas de medicina personalisada. Este poster apresenta o contexto, as atividades e os pontos essenciais que constituem o roadmap.Funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme under grant agreement No 951724N/

Mezclas poliméricas cristal líquido/olefinas: morfología y propiedades de transporte

Se han preparado mezclas con diferentes composiciones a partir de un copolímero de etileno-1-octeno, sintetizado con un catalizador de tipo metaloceno y un polímero cristal líquido. La caracterizción estructural y morfológica de las películas obtenidas se realizó mediante difracción de rayos X, calorimetría diferencial de barrido y microscopía electrónica de barrido, mientras que el estudio de las propiedades físicas se ha llevado a cabo mediante análisis mecanodinámico, microdureza y ensayos esfuerzo-deformación, poniendo especial énfasis a la evaluación de sus propiedades de transporte de oxígeno

Process design for the manufacturing of soft X-ray gratings in single-crystal diamond by high-energy heavy-ion irradiation

Artículo con 9 figurasThis paper describes in detail a novel manufacturing process for optical gratings suitable for use in the UV and soft X-ray regimes in a single-crystal diamond substrate based on highly focused swift heavy-ion irradiation. This type of grating is extensively used in light source facilities such as synchrotrons or free electron lasers, with ever-increasing demands in terms of thermal loads, depending on beamline operational parameters and architecture. The process proposed in this paper may be a future alternative to current manufacturing techniques, providing the advantage of being applicable to single-crystal diamond substrates, with their unique properties in terms of heat conductivity and radiation hardness. The paper summarizes the physical principle used for the grating patterns produced by swift heavy-ion irradiation and provides full details for the manufacturing process for a specific grating configuration, inspired in one of the beamlines at the ALBA synchrotron light source, while stressing the most challenging points for a potential implementation. Preliminary proof-of-concept experimental results are presented, showing the practical implementation of the methodology proposed herein.The authors acknowledge funding support by the following projects: PID2020-112770RB-C22 from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, TechnoFusión (III)-CM (S2018/EMT-4437) from Comunidad de Madrid (cofinanced by ERDF and ESF), agreement between Community of Madrid and Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (item “Excellence of University Professorate”). M.L.C. acknowledges financial support from the research project “Captacion de Talento UAM” Ref: #541D300 supervised by the Vice-Chancellor of Research of Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM). LOREA beamline at ALBA is a project co-funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) within the Framework of the Smart Growth Operative Programme 2014-2020. The authors acknowledge the support from The Centro de Microanálisis de Materiales (CMAM)—Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, for the beam time proposal (demonstration of a grating profile for soft X-rays in diamond via ion lithography) with code IuB-005/21, and its technical staff for their contribution to the operation of the accelerator. We also acknowledge P. Olivero for very useful comments on the manuscript draf

Efecto del Peso Molecular en la Formación del Polimorfo Beta en Polipropileno Isotáctico Metalocénico.

Existe un gran número de referencias relativas al efecto que la adición de agentes nucleantes, AN, en el polipropileno, iPP, supone en la generación de los distintos polimorfos, no existiendo estudios previos en el iPP metalocénico, m-iPP. Es objetivo de este trabajo llenar la laguna existente en dicha área, con el fin de mejorar la estabilidad térmica y la transparencia, acortar los ciclos de producción y optimizar las propiedades. Se han estudiado diferentes tipos de nucleantes de última generación que conllevan, en primer lugar, la formación de la celdilla monoclínica α y el aumento de la temperatura de cristalización, lo que acorta los ciclos de transformación. Para la evaluación exhaustiva5 de la forma β, objetivo de este trabajo, se ha utilizado como AN una mezcla de estearato cálcico y ácido pimélico (1:2), denominada a5. La competencia entre las formas α, β y γ en el m-iPP depende de la velocidad de cristalización y de la temperatura de cristalización isoterma5. Además, el contenido de AN β necesario para generar esta forma cristalina en el m-iPP es considerablemente superior en relación con el iPP sintetizado con catalizadores Ziegler-Natta, Z-N, debido a la coexistencia del polimorfo γ en el primero. La competencia entre las tres formas cristalinas en el m-iPP provoca que la generación de la forma β en función de la velocidad de enfriamiento sea, bajo ciertas condiciones, opuesta a la observada previamente en el iPP Z-N convencional. Estos resultados novedosos son de gran interés dado que han establecido las bases científicas sobre las que se cimenta el objetivo de la adición de AN β en los diferentes iPPs seleccionados, objeto de estudio en esta comunicación. Se han mezclado dos m-iPP con índices de fluidez, IF, de 15 y 30 g/min, suministrados por Basell, con un 0.3 % en peso de AN, en un mezclador interno a 190 ºC, 40 rpm y 10 min. Posteriormente, se han preparado filmes mediante moldeo por compresión en muestras sin y con AN. Las muestras se han enfriado desde el fundido a unos 100 ºC/min (entre platos de agua fría y presión), tratamiento Q y a 1.5 ºC/min (velocidad de enfriamiento de la prensa bajo presión), tratamiento S. La caracterización de la estructura y la competición entre las diferentes formas cristalinas se ha seguido mediante difracción de rayos X y DSC, mientras que el estudio de las propiedades mecánicas se ha realizado mediante DMTA y microdureza. En la figura se reproducen los difractogramas de RX para las muestras en estudio sin y con 0.3% de AN y tratamiento térmico S. Las muestras sin aditivar, sn, presentan polimorfismo, es decir, la coexistencia de las difracciones a 18.5 y 21.2º características de las celdillas cristalinas α y γ, respectivamente. Por otro lado, la presencia del AN a5 da lugar a una difracción adicional a 16.1º asociada a la fase trigonal β. La intensidad de dicha difracción es mayor para el polímero de menor peso molecular (mayor IF)

Influência da rega na qualidade do vinho e perenidade da videira no Alentejo

Programa PAMAF-IED Acção de Investigação, Experimentação e DemonstraçãoEste projecto teve como objectivo avaliar os efeitos da utilização da rega na vinha, como complemento das disponibilidades hídricas do solo, na qualidade dos vinhos, no vigor e perenidade da videira na região do AlentejoN/

Rega da vinha no Alentejo. Dotações e época de aplicação

Apresenta-se um resumo dos principais resultados de três anos de ensaios (1997-99) de rega gota-a-gota na casta Aragonez em duas parcelas de vinha no Alentejo onde se compararam diferentes dotações e épocas de paragem da rega com uma testemunha não regada. Devido à maior capacidade de armazenamento de água do solo da parcela de Carvalhas (Estremoz) as diferenças ente modalidades foram, em qualquer dos anos, sempre de maior amplitude na parcela de Pinheiros, em Évora. Comparativamente à testemunha não regada, a rega reduziu a senescência foliar e induziu um efeito favorável no estado hídrico e na actividade fisiológica da folha ao longo de todo o dia, sobretudo durante o período de maturação e nas modalidades onde se aplicou maiores dotações de rega. Todavia, comparativamente à maior dotação, as menores dotações proporcionaram resultados agronómicos mais favoráveis. A paragem da rega ao pintor induziu um stress moderado e uma melhoria do microclima dos cachos durante o período de maturação, aspectos favoráveis à qualidade, sem ter afectado significativamente a produção comparativamente à rega até à vindimainfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A new regulatory mechanism of protein phosphatase 2A activity via SET in acute myeloid leukemia

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy. Although novel emerging drugs are available, the overall prognosis remains poor and new therapeutic approaches are required. PP2A phosphatase is a key regulator of cell homeostasis and is recurrently inactivated in AML. The anticancer activity of several PP2A-activating drugs (e.g., FTY720) depends on their interaction with the SET oncoprotein, an endogenous PP2A inhibitor that is overexpressed in 30% of AML cases. Elucidation of SET regulatory mechanisms may therefore provide novel targeted therapies for SET-overexpressing AMLs. Here, we show that upregulation of protein kinase p38 beta is a common event in AML. We provide evidence that p38 beta potentiates SET-mediated PP2A inactivation by two mechanisms: facilitating SET cytoplasmic translocation through CK2 phosphorylation, and directly binding to and stabilizing the SET protein. We demonstrate the importance of this new regulatory mechanism in primary AML cells from patients and in zebrafish xenograft models. Accordingly, combination of the CK2 inhibitor CX-4945, which retains SET in the nucleus, and FTY720, which disrupts the SET-PP2A binding in the cytoplasm, significantly reduces the viability and migration of AML cells. In conclusion, we show that the p38 beta/CK2/SET axis represents a new potential therapeutic pathway in AML patients with SET-dependent PP2A inactivation