3,048 research outputs found
Towards absolute calibration of optical tweezers
Aiming at absolute force calibration of optical tweezers, following a
critical review of proposed theoretical models, we present and test the results
of MDSA (Mie-Debye-Spherical Aberration) theory, an extension of a previous
(MD) model, taking account of spherical aberration at the glass/water
interface. This first-principles theory is formulated entirely in terms of
experimentally accessible parameters (none adjustable). Careful experimental
tests of the MDSA theory, undertaken at two laboratories, with very different
setups, are described. A detailed description is given of the procedures
employed to measure laser beam waist, local beam power at the transparent
microspheres trapped by the tweezers, microsphere radius and the trap
transverse stiffness, as a function of radius and height in the (inverted
microscope) sample chamber. We find generally very good agreement with MDSA
theory predictions, for a wide size range, from the Rayleigh domain to large
radii, including the values most often employed in practice, and at different
chamber heights, both with objective overfilling and underfilling. The results
asymptotically approach geometrical optics in the mean over size intervals, as
they should, and this already happens for size parameters not much larger than
unity. MDSA predictions for the trapping threshold, position of stiffness peak,
stiffness variation with height, multiple equilibrium points and `hopping'
effects among them are verified. Remaining discrepancies are ascribed to focus
degradation, possibly arising from objective aberrations in the infrared, not
yet included in MDSA theory.Comment: 15 pages, 20 figure
Entropy and Poincar\'e recurrence from a geometrical viewpoint
We study Poincar\'e recurrence from a purely geometrical viewpoint. We prove
that the metric entropy is given by the exponential growth rate of return times
to dynamical balls. This is the geometrical counterpart of Ornstein-Weiss
theorem. Moreover, we show that minimal return times to dynamical balls grow
linearly with respect to its length. Finally, some interesting relations
between recurrence, dimension, entropy and Lyapunov exponents of ergodic
measures are given.Comment: 11 pages, revised versio
Next Generation Cosmology: Constraints from the Euclid Galaxy Cluster Survey
We study the characteristics of the galaxy cluster samples expected from the
European Space Agency's Euclid satellite and forecast constraints on
cosmological parameters describing a variety of cosmological models. The method
used in this paper, based on the Fisher Matrix approach, is the same one used
to provide the constraints presented in the Euclid Red Book (Laureijs et
al.2011). We describe the analytical approach to compute the selection function
of the photometric and spectroscopic cluster surveys. Based on the photometric
selection function, we forecast the constraints on a number of cosmological
parameter sets corresponding to different extensions of the standard LambdaCDM
model. The dynamical evolution of dark energy will be constrained to Delta
w_0=0.03 and Delta w_a=0.2 with free curvature Omega_k, resulting in a
(w_0,w_a) Figure of Merit (FoM) of 291. Including the Planck CMB covariance
matrix improves the constraints to Delta w_0=0.02, Delta w_a=0.07 and a
FoM=802. The amplitude of primordial non-Gaussianity, parametrised by f_NL,
will be constrained to \Delta f_NL ~ 6.6 for the local shape scenario, from
Euclid clusters alone. Using only Euclid clusters, the growth factor parameter
\gamma, which signals deviations from GR, will be constrained to Delta
\gamma=0.02, and the neutrino density parameter to Delta Omega_\nu=0.0013 (or
Delta \sum m_\nu=0.01). We emphasise that knowledge of the observable--mass
scaling relation will be crucial to constrain cosmological parameters from a
cluster catalogue. The Euclid mission will have a clear advantage in this
respect, thanks to its imaging and spectroscopic capabilities that will enable
internal mass calibration from weak lensing and the dynamics of cluster
galaxies. This information will be further complemented by wide-area
multi-wavelength external cluster surveys that will already be available when
Euclid flies. [Abridged]Comment: submitted to MNRA
Hysteretic Optimization For Spin Glasses
The recently proposed Hysteretic Optimization (HO) procedure is applied to
the 1D Ising spin chain with long range interactions. To study its
effectiveness, the quality of ground state energies found as a function of the
distance dependence exponent, , is assessed. It is found that the
transition from an infinite-range to a long-range interaction at
is accompanied by a sharp decrease in the performance . The transition is
signaled by a change in the scaling behavior of the average avalanche size
observed during the hysteresis process. This indicates that HO requires the
system to be infinite-range, with a high degree of interconnectivity between
variables leading to large avalanches, in order to function properly. An
analysis of the way auto-correlations evolve during the optimization procedure
confirm that the search of phase space is less efficient, with the system
becoming effectively stuck in suboptimal configurations much earlier. These
observations explain the poor performance that HO obtained for the
Edwards-Anderson spin glass on finite-dimensional lattices, and suggest that
its usefulness might be limited in many combinatorial optimization problems.Comment: 6 pages, 9 figures. To appear in JSTAT. Author website:
http://www.bgoncalves.co
Produção de biogás a partir do glicerol oriundo do biodiesel.
bitstream/item/55346/1/COT11018.pd
Sparse random matrices: the eigenvalue spectrum revisited
We revisit the derivation of the density of states of sparse random matrices.
We derive a recursion relation that allows one to compute the spectrum of the
matrix of incidence for finite trees that determines completely the low
concentration limit. Using the iterative scheme introduced by Biroli and
Monasson [J. Phys. A 32, L255 (1999)] we find an approximate expression for the
density of states expected to hold exactly in the opposite limit of large but
finite concentration. The combination of the two methods yields a very simple
simple geometric interpretation of the tails of the spectrum. We test the
analytic results with numerical simulations and we suggest an indirect
numerical method to explore the tails of the spectrum.Comment: 18 pages, 7 figures. Accepted version, minor corrections, references
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Brazilian embryo industry in context: pitfalls, lessons, and expectations for the future.
Proceedings of the 31st Annual Meeting of the Brazilian Embryo Technology Society (SBTE); Cabo de Santo Agostinho, PE, Brazil, August 17th to 19th, 2017. Abstract
Avaliação no campo de feromônio sexual sintético de Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Lepidoptera: pyralidae).
Foram avaliadas, no campo a eficiencia de tres formulacoes do feromonio de Elasmopalpus lignosellus (Zeller, 1848) na captura de machos da especie. Destas, duas foram importadas dos E.U.A., sendo uma comercial do tipo laminado plastico da "Hercon Divison Health Chem. Corporation:, e a outra do tipo septo de borracha, cedida pelo USDA-ARS. A terceira formulacao foi produzida na Universidade Federal de Vicosa com componentes sintetizados no Departamento de Quimica da Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos (Sao Paulo). Os resultados demonstraram que estas formulacoes, que continham as principais componentes de feromonio sexual de E. lignosellus, sintetizados com base na identificacao do feromonio de femeas que ocorrem no estado de Georgia (E.U.A.), foram ineficientes para atrair machos das especies na regiao do CNPMS-EMBRAPA, Sete Lagoas (MG), onde foram conduzidos estes experimentos. Acredita-se, com isto, que haja diferenca na composicao ou na proporcao dos diferentes componentes do feromonio sexual das populacoes de E. lignosellus destas duas diferentes localidades
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