A importância da segurança do paciente e o cumprimento da antibioticoprofilaxia nas cirurgias dentro de uma hora

The aim was to understand the factors behind non-use of the checklist and the relevance of using antibiotic prophylaxis for patient safety. This is an integrative review study of secondary sources, carried out through the Virtual Health Library and ANVISA documents. In eight countries, a reduction from 11% to 7% in the occurrence of complications in surgical patients and a reduction in mortality from 1.5% to 0.8% was found with the use of the checklist. It is concluded that not using the checklist can pose risks to patient safety, increasing the percentage of errors, causing losses to institutions, in addition to the imminent death of patients. It was evident that the use of antibiotic prophylaxis must be carried out up to 60 minutes before the surgical incision, with it being carried out before 60 minutes or after the recommended time due to low efficacy.Objetivou-se compreender os fatores da não utilização do checklist e a relevância do uso do antibioticoprofilaxia para segurança do paciente. Trata-se de um estudo revisão integrativa de fontes secundarias, realizado por meio da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde e documentos da ANVISA. Em oito países encontrou-se uma redução de 11% para 7% da ocorrência de complicações em pacientes cirúrgicos e uma diminuição de mortalidade de 1,5% para 0,8% com o uso da lista de verificação. Conclui-se que a não utilização do checklist pode trazer riscos à segurança do paciente, aumentando o percentual de erros, favorecendo prejuízos para as instituições, além da eminência de óbitos dos pacientes. Evidenciou-se que o uso do antibioticoprofilaxia deve ser realizado até 60 minutos que antecedem a incisão cirúrgica, sendo irrelevante a realização anterior aos 60 minutos ou posterior ao tempo preconizado devido à baixa eficácia

ESTRATÉGIAS NUTRICIONAIS PARA AUMENTAR AS PROPRIEDADES NUTRACÊUTICAS DO LEITE: CONCENTRAÇÕES DE ENTEROLACTONA E ÁCIDO LINOLEICO CONJUGADO

This study aimed to describe nutritional strategies to increase milk nutraceutical properties, including mainly strategies to increase the concentrations of enterolactone (EL) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Enterolactone and CLA are endogenously produced from dietary components and have been identified as nutraceutical compounds with the potential of improving human health through the prevention and treatment of diseases. The concentration of these compounds in milk can be modulated through nutritional strategies which enable to produce milk with greater potential for improving human health. The inclusion of vegetable lignans sources, such as flaxseed meal and the inclusion of sucrose sources in the diet of dairy cows increase the concentration of EL in milk. Feeding sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as vegetable oils, results in increased concentration of CLA in milk. The application of animal nutrition to increase nutraceutical properties of milk is a valuable tool for promoting the association of milk with human health benefits and is of great interest.Objetivou-se descrever estratégias nutricionais para aumentar as propriedades nutracêuticas do leite, incluindo principalmente estratégias para o aumento nas concentrações de enterolactona (EL) e ácido linoleico conjugado (CLA). Os compostos EL e CLA, ambos produzidos endogenamente a partir de componentes da dieta, são compostos bioativos presente no leite e têm sido apontados como compostos nutracêuticos, capazes de melhorar a saúde humana através da prevenção e tratamento de doenças. Estratégias nutricionais aplicadas na alimentação de vacas leiteiras possibilitam o aumento da concentração destes compostos no leite, tornando possível a produção de leite com maior potencial de beneficiamento a saúde humana. A inclusão de fontes de lignanas vegetais, como por exemplo, o farelo de linhaça e a inclusão de fontes de sacarose na dieta de vacas leiteiras possibilitam aumentar a concentração de EL no leite. Da mesma forma, o fornecimento de fontes ricas de ácidos graxos polinsaturados, como por exemplo, os óleos vegetais, possibilita o aumento da concentração de CLA no leite. A temática da nutrição animal voltada para o aumento das propriedades nutracêuticas do leite, apesar de estar iniciando, apresenta grande perspectiva, e é uma ferramenta valiosa para promoção da associação do leite com benefícios a saúde humana. Palavras-chave: nutracêutico; compostos bioativos; lignanas; vacas de leite; benefícios do leite; redução do risco de doenças.   Nutritional strategies to improve nutraceutical proprieties of milk: improvements on milk enterolactone and conjugated linoleic acid   ABSTRACT: This study aimed to describe nutritional strategies to increase milk nutraceutical properties, including mainly strategies to increase the concentrations of enterolactone (EL) and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA). Enterolactone and CLA are endogenously produced from dietary components and have been identified as nutraceutical compounds with the potential of improving human health through the prevention and treatment of diseases. The concentration of these compounds in milk can be modulated through nutritional strategies which enable to produce milk with greater potential for improving human health. The inclusion of vegetable lignans sources, such as flaxseed meal and the inclusion of sucrose sources in the diet of dairy cows increase the concentration of EL in milk. Feeding sources of polyunsaturated fatty acids, such as vegetable oils, results in increased concentration of CLA in milk. The application of animal nutrition to increase nutraceutical properties of milk is a valuable tool for promoting the association of milk with human health benefits and is of great interest. Keywords: nutraceutical proprieties; bioactive compounds; lignans; dairy cows; health benefits of milk; disease risk reduction

Supplementation strategies for dairy cows kept in tropical grass pastures

Objetivou-se avaliar estratégias de suplementação sobre o consumo de forragem e nutrientes, digestibilidade dos nutrientes, comportamento ingestivo, produção e composição do leite, eficiência alimentar, balanço de compostos nitrogenados e variação de peso corporal de vacas leiteiras mantidas em pastos de capim Tanzânia (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzânia) no período seco do ano. Foram utilizadas oito vacas mestiças HolandêsXZebu no terço final de lactação, com peso médio de 505±44 kg e produção de leite inicial de 9,0±1,44 kg dia-1, em delineamento quadrado latino 4X4 duplo. O experimento consistiu de quatro períodos experimentais de 17 dias cada, sendo nove dias inicias para adaptação e oito dias para coleta de dados. Os tratamentos consistiram de mistura mineral e suplementos (energético, proteico ou múltiplo) fornecidos na quantidade de 2 kg por vaca dia-1. Os suplementos promoveram aumento no consumo de matéria seca e nutrientes (P 0,05). Foi observado aumento (P 0,05) na eficiência alimentar. O desempenho de vacas leiteiras mantidas em pastagem de gramínea tropical pode ser melhorado com o uso de suplementação concentrada de 0,40% do peso corporal dia-1, sem comprometer o consumo de forragem dos animais.This study aimed to evaluate the supplementation strategies on forage intake and nutrient digestibility, feeding behavior, milk production and composition, feed efficiency, nitrogen balance and body weight change of dairy cows kept in Tanzania grass pastures (Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Tanzania) in the dry season. We used eight crossbred Holstein and Zebu cows in the final third of lactation, with an average weight of 505±44 kg and initial milk production of 9.0±1.44 kg day-1, in a double 4X4 Latin square design. The experiment consisted of four experimental periods of 17 days each, with nine days for initial adaptation and eight days to collect data. Treatments consisted of mineral mix and supplements (energy, protein or multiple) provided in the amount of 2 kg per cow day-1. Supplements promoted increased consumption of dry matter and nutrients (P 0.05). There was an increase (P < 0.05) of 19.51% in milk production in the supplemented animals and productive responses approximate marginal 0.64 kg of milk for each kg of supplied supplement, however, the different supplements promoted a drop in the milk fat. There were higher net energy values of animal lactation for protein-energy supplementation and mineral mixture, but no change was observed in feed efficiency and energy efficiency. The performance of dairy cows kept in tropical grass pasture can be improved with the use of a concentrate supplementation of 0.40% of body weight per day-1 without compromising the forage intake of animals

Modulation of Drought-Induced Stress in Cowpea Genotypes Using Exogenous Salicylic Acid

Plant endogenous mechanisms are not always sufficient enough to mitigate drought stress, therefore, the exogenous application of elicitors, such as salicylic acid, is necessary. In this study, we assessed the mitigating action of salicylic acid (SA) in cowpea genotypes under drought conditions. An experiment was conducted with two cowpea genotypes and six treatments of drought stress and salicylic acid (T1 = Control, T2 = drought stress (stress), T3 = stress + 0.1 mM of SA, T4 = stress + 0.5 mM of SA, T5 = stress + 1.0 mM of SA, and T6 = stress + 2.0 mM of SA). Plants were evaluated in areas of leaf area, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, proline content, the activity of antioxidant enzymes, and dry grain production. Drought stress reduces the leaf area, stomatal conductance, photosynthesis, and, consequently, the production of both cowpea genotypes. The growth and production of the BRS Paraguaçu genotype outcompetes the Pingo de Ouro-1-2 genotype, regardless of the stress conditions. The exogenous application of 0.5 mM salicylic acid to cowpea leaves increases SOD activity, decreases CAT activity, and improves the production of both genotypes. The application of 0.5 mM of salicylic acid mitigates drought stress in the cowpea genotype, and the BRS Paraguaçu genotype is more tolerant to drought stress

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data