Integrable Dynamics of Charges Related to Bilinear Hypergeometric Equation

A family of systems related to a linear and bilinear evolution of roots of polynomials in the complex plane is considered. Restricted to the line, the evolution induces dynamics of the Coulomb charges in external potentials, while its fixed points correspond to equilibria of charges (or point vortices in hydrodynamics) in the plane. The construction reveals a direct connection with the theories of the Calogero-Moser systems and Lie-algebraic differential operators. A study of the equilibrium configurations amounts in a construction (bilinear hypergeometric equation) for which the classical orthogonal and the Adler-Moser polynomials represent some particular casesComment: 27 pages, Latex, A new corrected version of older submissio

Assessing the impact of regional scientific environment on the performance of scientific organizations: the example of Russia

The goal of the study is to determine the impact of the regional scientific environment on the performance of scientific organizations. The indicators of a regional scientific environment, which were used as predictors in a regression model built to assess the dependence of the effectiveness of scientific organizations has been identified during the study. In the model, the category of scientific organizations was assigned as a dependent variable, according to the results of the federal monitoring conducted in 2016 for 541 scientific organizations located in 65 Russian regions. The study showed that there were no significant differences between regions when comparing factors determining the regional scientific environment and the performance of scientific organizations

Современные подходы к оценке массовых открытых онлайн-курсов и их реализация на примере курсов для изучения русского языка

Los autores sistematizaron los enfoques modernos para evaluar los cursos en línea públicos masivos basados en Fuentes oficiales y publicaciones en la Prensa abierta. Se destacaron los criterios de evaluación más importantes, en virtud de los cuales se estableció su propia técnica de autor. Se ha utilizado para evaluar y clasificar los cursos en línea abiertos masivos en ruso, cuyos resultados se dan en el trabajo.The authors systematized modern approaches to assessing massive open online courses based on official sources and publications in the open press. The most significant evaluation criteria were identified. The own author's methodology was formed based on this criteria. The methodology was used to evaluate and rank the massive open online Russian language courses, which results are in this paper.Авторы систематизировали современные подходы к оценке массовых открытых онлайн-курсов на основании официальных источников и публикаций в открытой печати. Были выделены наиболее значимые критерии оценки, на основании которых была сформирована собственная авторская методика. Она была использована для оценки и ранжирования массовых открытых онлайн курсов по русскому языку, результаты которой приведены в работе

Оценка результатов реорганизации научных организаций в Российской Федерации

The article provides an overview of the study results of the scientific organizations’s reorganization in the Russian Federation, that was made at the federal level, starting in 2013, and was associated with the mergering of a number of research institutes for various reasons. As a result of the study, it was found out that most of the new structures were formed by joining smaller organizations to larger research centers located in territorial proximity and performing work in close scientific fields. In some cases, mergering of scientific organizations was due to the need to ensure an interdisciplinary approach to research.  As a result of the assessment of key performance indicators of scientific organizations before and after the reorganization, it was concluded that at present the positive trends are not fully visible, while in some cases there is an increase in key performance indicators. The authors concluded on the need for additional research, covering the assessment of the quality level of achieved results, as well as the dynamics of indicators within 3-5 years after the restructuring.El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio sobre la reorganización de organizaciones científicas en la Federación de Rusia, que se llevó a cabo a nivel federal, a partir de 2013, y se asoció con la unificación de varios institutos de investigación por diversos motivos. Como resultado del estudio, se encontró que la mayoría de las nuevas estructuras se formaron al unir organizaciones más pequeñas a centros de investigación más grandes ubicados en las proximidades y realizando trabajos en campos científicos cercanos. En algunos casos, la asociación de organizaciones científicas se debió a la necesidad de garantizar un enfoque interdisciplinario de la investigación. Como resultado de la evaluación de los indicadores clave de rendimiento de las organizaciones científicas antes y después de la reorganización, se llegó a la conclusión de que, en la actualidad, las tendencias positivas no son totalmente visibles, mientras que en algunos casos hay un aumento en los indicadores clave de rendimiento. Los autores concluyen sobre la necesidad de investigación adicional, que cubra la evaluación del nivel de calidad de los resultados alcanzados, así como la dinámica de los indicadores dentro de los 3-5 años posteriores a la reestructuración.Статья представляет собой результаты исследования вопросов реорганизации научных организаций в Российской Федерации, которая осуществлялась на федеральном уровне, начиная с 2013 года, и была связана с объединением ряда научно-исследовательских институтов по различным основаниям. В результате исследования было установлено, что большинство новых структур было образовано путем присоединения небольших организаций к более крупным научно-исследовательским центрам, расположенным в территориальной близости и выполняющим работы по близким научным направлениям. В ряде случаев объединении научных организаций было обусловлено необходимостью обеспечения междисциплинарного подхода в исследованиях. В результате оценки ключевых показателей деятельности научных организаций до и после реорганизации были сделаны выводы о том, что на текущий момент не в полной мере заметны положительные тренды, при этом в ряде случаев отмечается рост ключевых оценочных показателей. Авторы делают вывод о необходимости проведения дополнительного исследования, охватывающего оценку качественного уровня достигнутых результатов, а также динамики показателей в течение 3-5 лет после проведения реструктуризации

Rapid changes in root HvPIP2; 2 aquaporins abundance and ABA concentration are required to enhance root hydraulic conductivity and maintain leaf water potential in response to increased evaporative demand

To address the involvement of abscisic acid (ABA) in regulating transpiration and root hydraulic conductivity (Lp(Root)) and their relative importance for maintaining leaf hydration, the ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its parental wild-type (WT) genotype (cv. Steptoe) were grown in hydroponics and exposed to changes in atmospheric vapour pressure deficit (VPD) imposed by air warming. WTplants were capable of maintaining leaf water potential (psi(L)) that was likely due to increased Lp(Root) enabling higher water flow from the roots, which increased in response to air warming. The increased Lp(Root) and immunostaining for HvPIP2; 2 aquaporins (AQPs) correlated with increased root ABA content of WT plants when exposed to increased air temperature. The failure of Az34 to maintain psi(L) during air warming may be due to lower Lp(Root) than WT plants, and an inability to respond to changes in air temperature. The correlation between root ABA content and Lp(Root) was further supported by increased root hydraulic conductivity in both genotypes when treated with exogenous ABA (10(-5) M). Thus the ability of the root system to rapidly regulate ABA levels (and thence aquaporin abundance and hydraulic conductivity) seems important to maintain leaf hydration

Exogenous application of abscisic acid (ABA) increases root and cell hydraulic conductivity and abundance of some aquaporin isoforms in the ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34

Background and Aims Regulation of water channel aquaporins (AQPs) provides another mechanism by which abscisic acid (ABA) may influence water flow through plants. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have addressed the changes in ABA levels, the abundance of AQPs and root cell hydraulic conductivity (Lp(Cell)) in the same tissues. Thus, we followed the mechanisms by which ABA affects root hydraulics in an ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its parental line 'Steptoe'. We compared the abundance of AQPs and ABA in cells to determine spatial correlations between AQP abundance and local ABA concentrations in different root tissues. In addition, abundance of AQPs and ABA in cortex cells was related to Lp(Cell). Methods Root hydraulic conductivity (Lp(Root)) was measured by means of root exudation analyses and Lp(Cell) using a cell pressure probe. The abundance of ABA and AQPs in root tissues was assessed through immunohistochemical analyses. Isoform-specific antibodies raised against HvPIP2; 1, HvPIP2; 2 and HvPIP2; 5 were used. Key Results Immunolocalization revealed lower ABA levels in root tissues of Az34 compared with ` Steptoe'. Root hydraulic conductivity (Lp(Root)) was lower in Az34, yet the abundance of HvPIPs in root tissues was similar in the two genotypes. Root hair formation occurred closer to the tip, while the length of the root hair zone was shorter in Az34 than in ` Steptoe'. Application of external ABA to the root medium of Az34 and ` Steptoe' increased the immunostaining of root cells for ABA and for HvPIP2; 1 and HvPIP2; 2 especially in root epidermal cells and the cortical cell layer located beneath, parallel to an increase in Lp(Root) and Lp(Cell). Treatment of roots with Fenton reagent, which inhibits AQP activity, prevented the ABA-induced increase in root hydraulic conductivity. Conclusion Shortly after (<2 h) ABA application to the roots of ABA-deficient barley, increased tissue ABA concentrations and AQP abundance (especially the plasma-membrane localized isoforms HvPIP2;1 and HvPIP2;2) were spatially correlated in root epidermal cells and the cortical cell layer located beneath, in conjunction with increased LpCell of the cortical cells. In contrast, long-term ABA deficiency throughout seedling development affects root hydraulics through other mechanisms, in particular the developmental timing of the formation of root hairs closer to the root tip and the length of the root hair zone

Studying the effect of elastic-plastic strain and hydrogen sulphide on the magnetic behaviour of pipe steels as applied to their testing

The paper reports results of magnetic measurements made on samples of the 12GB pipe steel (strength group X42SS) designed for producing pipes to be used in media with high hydrogen sulphide content, both in the initial state and after exposure to hydrogen sulphide, for 96, 192 and 384 hours under uniaxial elastic-plastic tension. At the stage of elastic deformation there is a unique correlation between the coercive force measured on a minor hysteresis loop in weak fields and tensile stress, which enables this parameter to be used for the evaluation of elastic stresses in pipes made of the 12 GB pipe steel under different conditions, including a hydrogen sulphide containing medium. The effect of the value of preliminary plastic strain, viewed as the initial stress-strain state, on the magnetic behaviour of X70 pipe steels under elastic tension and compression is studied. Plastic strain history affects the magnetic behaviour of the material during subsequent elastic deformation since plastic strain induces various residual stresses, and this necessitates taking into account the initial stress-strain state of products when developing magnetic techniques for the determination of their stress-strain parameters during operation

Studying the effect of elastic-plastic strain and hydrogen sulphide on the magnetic behaviour of pipe steels as applied to their testing

The paper reports results of magnetic measurements made on samples of the 12GB pipe steel (strength group X42SS) designed for producing pipes to be used in media with high hydrogen sulphide content, both in the initial state and after exposure to hydrogen sulphide, for 96, 192 and 384 hours under uniaxial elastic-plastic tension. At the stage of elastic deformation there is a unique correlation between the coercive force measured on a minor hysteresis loop in weak fields and tensile stress, which enables this parameter to be used for the evaluation of elastic stresses in pipes made of the 12 GB pipe steel under different conditions, including a hydrogen sulphide containing medium. The effect of the value of preliminary plastic strain, viewed as the initial stress-strain state, on the magnetic behaviour of X70 pipe steels under elastic tension and compression is studied. Plastic strain history affects the magnetic behaviour of the material during subsequent elastic deformation since plastic strain induces various residual stresses, and this necessitates taking into account the initial stress-strain state of products when developing magnetic techniques for the determination of their stress-strain parameters during operation

Root ABA Accumulation Delays Lateral Root Emergence in Osmotically Stressed Barley Plants by Decreasing Root Primordial IAA Accumulation

Increased auxin levels in root primordia are important in controlling root branching, while their interaction with abscisic acid (ABA) likely regulates lateral root development in water-deficient plants. The role of ABA accumulation in regulating root branching was investigated using immunolocalization to detect auxin (indoleacetic acid, IAA) and ABA (abscisic acid) in root primordia of the ABA-deficient barley mutant Az34 and its parental genotype (cv. Steptoe) barley plants. Osmotic stress strongly inhibited lateral root branching in Steptoe plants, but hardly affected Az34. Root primordial cells of Steptoe plants had increased immunostaining for ABA but diminished staining for IAA. ABA did not accumulate in root primordia of the Az34, and IAA levels and distribution were unaltered. Treating Az34 plants with exogenous ABA decreased root IAA concentration, while increasing root primordial ABA accumulation and decreasing root primordial IAA concentration. Although ABA treatment of Az34 plants increased the root primordial number, it decreased the number of visible emerged lateral roots. These effects were qualitatively similar to that of osmotic stress on the number of lateral root primordia and emerged lateral roots in Steptoe. Thus ABA accumulation (and its crosstalk with auxin) in root primordia seems important in regulating lateral root branching in response to water stress