Panleucopenia felina : una revisión

En este trabajo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica sobre la panleucopenia del gato, Se describe la etiología, patogenia, cuadro clínico, tratamiento y profilaxis, Se discuten en profundidad el mecanismo patogénico y las diferentes pautas vacunales.This paper concerns a bibliographic revision on panleukopaenia in the cat. The aetiology, pathogeny, clinical picture, treatrnent and propbylaxis are described Details of the pathogenic mechanism and diverse vaccination are discussed

The role of the transient atropisomerism and chirality of flurbiprofen unveiled by laser‐ablation rotational spectroscopy

Producción CientíficaThe combination of atropisomerism and chirality in flurbiprofen is shown to be relevant concerning its pharmacological activity. The two most stable conformers of a total of eight theoretically predicted for each R- or S- flurbiprofen enantiomers have been isolated in the cooling conditions of a supersonic jet and structurally characterized by laser ablation Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. The detected conformers, whose structure is mainly defined by three dihedral angles, only differ in the sign of the phenyl torsion angle giving rise to Sa and Ra atropisomers. A comparison with the structures available for the R- and S- enantiomers complexed to COX isoforms reveals that the enzymes select only the Saatropisomers, resulting in a diastereoisomer-specific recognition. The most stable gas phase conformer is exclusively selected when using the S- enantiomer while the second is recognized only for the R- enantiomer. These experimental results highlight the importance of atropisomerism in drug design.Junta de Castilla y León (Grant INFRARED-FEDER IR2020-1-UVa02)Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Grant CTQ2016-75253-P)Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Grant PID2021-125207NB-C33

Proliferative papulo-nodular glossitis due to <i>Leishmania infantum</i> in a dog

Canine leishmaniosis, caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum, is an endemic vector‐borne disease in Europe. From a diagnostic point of view, the disease can sometimes be a real challenge for the clinician, due to the variability of clinical presentations in a sick dog. These clinical signs can be classified, based on the frequency of presentation, in typical and atypical signs. In dogs is common to find different clinical presentations of cutaneous disease and systemic involvement, while clinical presentations in mucosa are not so common. A 6‐year‐old, entire, male German shepherd crossbred dog was examined for evident nodular lesions on the tongue. The most important laboratory alteration detected was hyperglobulinemia with an increase in the gamma fraction classified as polyclonal gammopathy. High anti‐Leishmania antibodies were detected by ELISA. Tongue biopsy samples were obtained from the lesions with the presence of a diffuse inflammatory infiltrate characterised by macrophages and neutrophils with no compatible forms of Leishmania parasites. However, the presence of Leishmania amastigotes was confirmed by specific immunohistochemistry. A good clinical response to the anti‐Leishmania based on meglumine antimoniate and allopurinol was observed after meglumine antimoniate administration. This clinical case describes the presentation of proliferative papulo‐nodular glossitis in an L. infantum‐positive dog as the most evident clinical finding reported

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum in ferrets: Update review

Leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum, a parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. Among vertebrates, the dog is the primary domestic reservoir of the parasite; however, other domestic animals can be implicated such as cats. The first description of a clinical case of leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets was reported recently. As a result, new knowledge has been published including empirically based treatment protocols, confirmatory techniques to detect the presence of the parasite infection and seasonal variation in the antibodies against Leishmania in apparently healthy domestic ferrets. The most common clinical signs observed are enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes and skin lesions such as papular and/or ulcerative dermatitis. Additionally, the most frequent laboratory alterations seen are hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia and biochemical analytes alterations depending on the affected tissue. Two different therapeutic protocols have been described to treat domestic ferrets with leishmaniosis: meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol protocol or miltefosine plus allopurinol protocol. These treatment protocols seemed to be able to control the Leishmania infection, although the presence of xanthinuria could be detected. The susceptibility of domestic ferrets to Leishmania infantum, the clinical picture, treatment of infected animals and prevention are poorly understood, due to the scarcity of recent description in the literature. Different proposed diagnostic algorithms have been included for domestic ferrets with suspected leishmaniosis, clinically healthy domestic ferrets and animals as blood donors. In this sense, the present review provides updated data on scientific knowledge of leishmaniosis in ferrets

Síndrome poliuria-polidipsia : ¿Como abordaría el diagnóstico?

El síndrome poliuria-polidipsia (PU/PD) es una entidad clínica que se presenta como signo predominante de numerosos procesos del perro y del gato. Tras un recuerdo fisiológico de los factores reguladores de la homeostasis del agua, presentamos las distintas etiologías responsables del síndrome PU/PD y los mecanismos fisiopatológicos implicados. Posteriormente se indican las pruebas laboratoriales más adecuadas para el diagnóstico y se recomienda una sistemática para abordar el diagnóstico diferencial. Terminamos exponiendo 8 casos clínicos en los que se plantean las historias, exploración y pruebas laboratoriales, discutiéndose finalmente el diagnóstico de los mismos.The polyuria-polydipsia syndrorne (PU/PD) is a clinical picture that is present in a lot of diseases of dog and cat. Firstly we study a physiologycal revision of mechanisms that control the homeostasis of the water, and after we describe the different causes of its physiopathology. The laboratory test more adecuated for the diagnosis are indicated and so the best way to do the differential diagnosis. Eventually we finish with clinical history, symptonms and laboratory findings are studied to arrive a diagnosis

Análisis de la cadena de valor de la ganadería bovina en Oxapampa- Pasco-Perú

El objetivo principal de este trabajo de investigación es analizar la cadena de valor de la ganadería bovina en la provincia de Oxapampa-Pasco-Perú. Ello con el fin de identificar los factores que permitirán aumentar la competitividad de la cadena y, en base a ellos, plantear recomendaciones que permitan reducir las brechas identificadas, así como aprovechar e impulsar oportunidades de mejoras en los procesos. El estudio de la cadena de valor de la ganadería bovina es relevante debido a que representa el 40% del PBA (Producto Bruto Agrario) y es la mayor fuente de ingreso de la población rural en el país. Además, es relevante por el potencial ganadero poco aprovechado que hay en el país, específicamente en la zona de Oxapampa Para ello, se analizará la ganadería bovina de Oxapampa usando una perspectiva de cadena de valor y el Manual Valuelinks 2.0 desarrollado por la Deutsche Gesellschaft Für Internationale Zusammenarbit (GIZ) como herramienta de análisis. Será en base a la metodología ValueLinks que se dará a conocer la estructura de la cadena, sus actores participantes, las relaciones existentes entre ellos y la generación de valor agregado en cada fase del proceso de producción de carne, en la cual se centrará la presente investigación entre todos los productos y subproductos provenientes del bovino. El análisis se concentró en cuatro variables que permitieron entender el estado actual de la cadena de valor de la ganadería bovina en Oxapampa y concluir que el desarrollo de una o más de estas variables permitirá un aumento de la competitividad en la cadena de valor. Dichas variables son; el aumento de la producción, rendimiento y calidad, el desarrollo de modelos ecosostenibles, una mayor inserción al mercado de los ganaderos y la mejora de servicios operacionales. En ese sentido, se plantearon 3 recomendaciones que promovieran el desarrollo de la ganadería bovina en Oxapampa en función de dichas variables. Estas fueron la creación de un cluster ganadero, la implementación de un centro de engorde en Oxapampa y el desarrollo de los sistemas silvopastoriles

Leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum in ferrets: Update review

Leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets (Mustela putorius furo) is a disease caused by Leishmania infantum, a parasite transmitted through the bite of an infected female phlebotomine sand fly. Among vertebrates, the dog is the primary domestic reservoir of the parasite; however, other domestic animals can be implicated such as cats. The first description of a clinical case of leishmaniosis in domestic ferrets was reported recently. As a result, new knowledge has been published including empirically based treatment protocols, confirmatory techniques to detect the presence of the parasite infection and seasonal variation in the antibodies against Leishmania in apparently healthy domestic ferrets. The most common clinical signs observed are enlargement of peripheral lymph nodes and skin lesions such as papular and/or ulcerative dermatitis. Additionally, the most frequent laboratory alterations seen are hyperproteinaemia with hyperglobulinaemia and biochemical analytes alterations depending on the affected tissue. Two different therapeutic protocols have been described to treat domestic ferrets with leishmaniosis: meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol protocol or miltefosine plus allopurinol protocol. These treatment protocols seemed to be able to control the Leishmania infection, although the presence of xanthinuria could be detected. The susceptibility of domestic ferrets to Leishmania infantum, the clinical picture, treatment of infected animals and prevention are poorly understood, due to the scarcity of recent description in the literature. Different proposed diagnostic algorithms have been included for domestic ferrets with suspected leishmaniosis, clinically healthy domestic ferrets and animals as blood donors. In this sense, the present review provides updated data on scientific knowledge of leishmaniosis in ferrets

Evaluation of five different rapid immunochromatographic tests for canine leishmaniosis in Spain

Canine leishmaniosis is a vector-borne disease caused by Leishmania parasites. Serological methods are the most common tests used for the diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate and compare different serological commercial immunochromatographic rapid tests available in Spain to detect anti-Leishmania canine antibodies. The immunochromatographic tests were evaluated in different groups of dogs (healthy seronegative dogs (n = 21), naturally-sick dogs with moderate anti-Leishmania antibodies (n = 39), naturally-sick dogs with high anti-Leishmania antibodies (n = 37), dogs with the serological result of other pathogens infection (n = 20) and exposed dogs (n = 33)) admitted to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital of the University of Zaragoza (Spain) according to the clinical information sent with the sample to the laboratory for diagnostic purposes. The serology status was also routinely recorded through an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and an in-house indirect immunofluorescence test (IFAT). The qualitative commercial serological immunochromatographic tests used were: FASTest LEISH, Uranotest Leishmania, Uranotest Leishmania 2.0, Speed Leish K, Witness Leishmania, and DFV Test Leishmania. Performance measures analyzed for each test were: sensitivity, specificity, and area under the receiver-operating (ROC) curve. The maximum specificity (1.00) was attained for Uranotest Leishmania and DFT Test Leishmania, followed by FASTest LEISH (0.98), Uranotest Leishmania 2.0 (0.98), Speed Leish K (0.98), and Witness Leishmania (0.95). The maximum sensitivity was attained for FASTest LEISH (1.00), followed by Uranotest 2.0 (0.97), Speed Leish K (0.97), Uranotest (0.96), and the lowest results with Witness (0.84) and DFV Test (0.59). Regarding the ROC curve, the maximum value was attained with the FASTest LEISH (0.99), followed by Uranotest (0.98), Uranotest 2.0 (0.97), Speed Leish K (0.97), Witness (0.90), and the lowest result with DFV Test (0.79). Efforts in the field of diagnosis should focus on establishing a commercial immunochromatographic test with high sensitivity and specificity with a reasonable cost-benefit balance

The dynamics of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in cats naturally exposed to virus reveals an increase in antibody activity after re-infection

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 is the causative agent of Coronavirus Disease 2019 in humans. To date, little is known about the persistence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 in animals under natural conditions, in particular susceptible pets such as cat. This study reports the detection and monitoring of the humoral response against SARS-CoV-2 including the detection of immunoglobulins G specific for receptor binding domain of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralizing antibodies by virus neutralization assay. Results showed that these antibodies last longer than 16 months in two naturally apparently healthy infected cats with the absence of clinicopathological findings during the follow-up. Moreover, re-infection is also possible with an important increase in virus neutralization test titers in both animals with no evident systemic signs found during each physical examination and with values of hematologic and biochemical parameters inside the normal reference intervals. Our results confirm a slow but progressive decrease of the kinetics and immunity of neutralizing antibodies in cats after the infection. Furthermore, similar to humans SARS-CoV-2 reinfection can stimulate an increase of the neutralizing antibodies determined by these two serological techniques in domestic cats

Treatment and follow-up of a domestic ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with clinical leishmaniosis caused by Leishmania infantum

Leishmania infantum infection including treatment and follow up in domestic animals other than dogs and cats has not been described at this moment. This article describes the anti-Leishmania treatment and follow-up of a ferret (Mustela putorius furo) with leishmaniosis. A combined therapeutic protocol established for the patient, not yet approved for ferrets, was a combination of meglumine antimoniate plus allopurinol. A follow-up was established monthly during the first year in order to monitor the health condition of the patient. Six months after commencing allopurinol therapy, xanthine crystalluria was observed in urine sediment with no other urine alterations detected by urine analysis. The ferret worsened progressively with diarrhoea and weight loss after cohabiting with another ferret diagnosed with cryptosporidiosis. Cryptosporidium parvum was isolated in faecal samples from the patient detected by three different methods including Ziehl-Neelsen staining, a qualitative test to detection of C. parvum antigens and finally a specific molecular analysis to characterize the species. To the best of the authors´ knowledge, this is the first report providing information about anti-Leishmania protocol therapy used and follow-up in a domestic ferret with clinical leishmaniosis. Veterinarians practicing in endemic areas should be aware of this infection in ferrets at risk and their susceptibility especially when immunosuppressive conditions are present