Análisis del proceso integral en el control de calidad de imágenes diagnósticas

En esta indagación se tuvo como propósito principal “analizar el proceso integral en el control de calidad de imágenes diagnósticas”, para lo cual, se empleó una metodología descriptiva -cualitativa, de modo que se lograra adquirir información con relación a los conceptos y cualidades de modo no numérico, siendo así mismo, no experimental, en vista que no alteraría ni cambiaría las variables de estudio en cuanto a la calidad de las imágenes radiológicas. Por ende, se usó la técnica documental-bibliográfica, recopilando datos teóricos del control de calidad de Rx. Con base a esto, se obtuvo como resultado que, la determinación de las particularidades de imágenes diagnosticas se basan en la norma ISO 9001:2018, esta norma indica que se requiere una mejora continua fundado en el ciclo PHVA (Planificar-Hacer-Verificar-Actuar), para el establecimiento del sistema de gestión de calidad se desempeñe con estos requerimientos. Seguidamente, se determinó que al categorizar los elementos de la geometría de imágenes diagnosticas en la inspección de calidad, es ineludible la apariencia proporcional de las mismas según la estructura del sujeto en estudio, para que no se vea afectado su punto focal, presentando nitidez y mejores detalles. Por último, en el tercer objetivo se expone las influencias de las características visuales de imágenes diagnósticas, para las cuales se toman pruebas para tener un mejor control en los resultados y evitar errores de los que pende el resultado de un diagnóstico clínico y garantizar de este modo la prestación de un servicio de calidad. Se pudo concluir que, en ciertos casos a pesar de la buena calidad de las imágenes en todas sus particularidades, es impreciso conocer las posibles fallas que se presentan, ya sea por situaciones personales del paciente que ha sido sometido a exposición a Rx, cuando la zona es de difícil tratamiento y, por otra parte, la perspectiva que cada médico tratante tiene.The main purpose of this investigation was "to analyze the integral process in the quality control of diagnostic images". For which, a descriptive-qualitative methodology was used, so that it will be able to acquire information in relation to the concepts and qualities in a non-numerical way, being likewise, non-experimental, since it would not alter or change the study variables in regarding the quality of radiological images. Finally, he made use of the documentary-bibliographic technique, collecting theoretical data from Rx quality control. Based on this, it was obtained as a result that the determination of the particularities of diagnostic images was achieved, which are based on the ISO 9001: 2018 standards, where a continuous improvement based on the PDCA cycle is required, for the establishment of the quality management system that they perform with these requirements. Next, it will be extended that when categorizing the elements of the geometry of diagnostic images in the quality inspection, the proportional appearance of the same is unavoidable according to the structure of the subject under study, so that its focal point is not affected, presenting sharpness and better details. Finally, in the third objective, the influences of the visual characteristics of diagnostic images are exposed, for which tests are taken to have better control over the results, and avoid errors, on which the result of a clinical diagnosis depends. , and thus guarantee a guaranteed quality service. It was possible to conclude that, in certain cases, despite the good quality of the images in all their particularities, it is imprecise to know the possible failures, which arise due to personal situations of the patient who has been exposed to Rx, or the area is difficult to treat, and, on the other hand, the perspective that each treating physician has

Search for gravitational-lensing signatures in the full third observing run of the LIGO-Virgo network

Gravitational lensing by massive objects along the line of sight to the source causes distortions of gravitational wave-signals; such distortions may reveal information about fundamental physics, cosmology and astrophysics. In this work, we have extended the search for lensing signatures to all binary black hole events from the third observing run of the LIGO--Virgo network. We search for repeated signals from strong lensing by 1) performing targeted searches for subthreshold signals, 2) calculating the degree of overlap amongst the intrinsic parameters and sky location of pairs of signals, 3) comparing the similarities of the spectrograms amongst pairs of signals, and 4) performing dual-signal Bayesian analysis that takes into account selection effects and astrophysical knowledge. We also search for distortions to the gravitational waveform caused by 1) frequency-independent phase shifts in strongly lensed images, and 2) frequency-dependent modulation of the amplitude and phase due to point masses. None of these searches yields significant evidence for lensing. Finally, we use the non-detection of gravitational-wave lensing to constrain the lensing rate based on the latest merger-rate estimates and the fraction of dark matter composed of compact objects

Ultralight vector dark matter search using data from the KAGRA O3GK run

Among the various candidates for dark matter (DM), ultralight vector DM can be probed by laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors through the measurement of oscillating length changes in the arm cavities. In this context, KAGRA has a unique feature due to differing compositions of its mirrors, enhancing the signal of vector DM in the length change in the auxiliary channels. Here we present the result of a search for U(1)B−L gauge boson DM using the KAGRA data from auxiliary length channels during the first joint observation run together with GEO600. By applying our search pipeline, which takes into account the stochastic nature of ultralight DM, upper bounds on the coupling strength between the U(1)B−L gauge boson and ordinary matter are obtained for a range of DM masses. While our constraints are less stringent than those derived from previous experiments, this study demonstrates the applicability of our method to the lower-mass vector DM search, which is made difficult in this measurement by the short observation time compared to the auto-correlation time scale of DM

Search for eccentric black hole coalescences during the third observing run of LIGO and Virgo

Despite the growing number of confident binary black hole coalescences observed through gravitational waves so far, the astrophysical origin of these binaries remains uncertain. Orbital eccentricity is one of the clearest tracers of binary formation channels. Identifying binary eccentricity, however, remains challenging due to the limited availability of gravitational waveforms that include effects of eccentricity. Here, we present observational results for a waveform-independent search sensitive to eccentric black hole coalescences, covering the third observing run (O3) of the LIGO and Virgo detectors. We identified no new high-significance candidates beyond those that were already identified with searches focusing on quasi-circular binaries. We determine the sensitivity of our search to high-mass (total mass M>70 M⊙) binaries covering eccentricities up to 0.3 at 15 Hz orbital frequency, and use this to compare model predictions to search results. Assuming all detections are indeed quasi-circular, for our fiducial population model, we place an upper limit for the merger rate density of high-mass binaries with eccentricities 0<e≤0.3 at 0.33 Gpc−3 yr−1 at 90\% confidence level

Prospective observational cohort study on grading the severity of postoperative complications in global surgery research

Background The Clavien–Dindo classification is perhaps the most widely used approach for reporting postoperative complications in clinical trials. This system classifies complication severity by the treatment provided. However, it is unclear whether the Clavien–Dindo system can be used internationally in studies across differing healthcare systems in high- (HICs) and low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Methods This was a secondary analysis of the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), a prospective observational cohort study of elective surgery in adults. Data collection occurred over a 7-day period. Severity of complications was graded using Clavien–Dindo and the simpler ISOS grading (mild, moderate or severe, based on guided investigator judgement). Severity grading was compared using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Data are presented as frequencies and ICC values (with 95 per cent c.i.). The analysis was stratified by income status of the country, comparing HICs with LMICs. Results A total of 44 814 patients were recruited from 474 hospitals in 27 countries (19 HICs and 8 LMICs). Some 7508 patients (16·8 per cent) experienced at least one postoperative complication, equivalent to 11 664 complications in total. Using the ISOS classification, 5504 of 11 664 complications (47·2 per cent) were graded as mild, 4244 (36·4 per cent) as moderate and 1916 (16·4 per cent) as severe. Using Clavien–Dindo, 6781 of 11 664 complications (58·1 per cent) were graded as I or II, 1740 (14·9 per cent) as III, 2408 (20·6 per cent) as IV and 735 (6·3 per cent) as V. Agreement between classification systems was poor overall (ICC 0·41, 95 per cent c.i. 0·20 to 0·55), and in LMICs (ICC 0·23, 0·05 to 0·38) and HICs (ICC 0·46, 0·25 to 0·59). Conclusion Caution is recommended when using a treatment approach to grade complications in global surgery studies, as this may introduce bias unintentionally

The surgical safety checklist and patient outcomes after surgery: a prospective observational cohort study, systematic review and meta-analysis

© 2017 British Journal of Anaesthesia Background: The surgical safety checklist is widely used to improve the quality of perioperative care. However, clinicians continue to debate the clinical effectiveness of this tool. Methods: Prospective analysis of data from the International Surgical Outcomes Study (ISOS), an international observational study of elective in-patient surgery, accompanied by a systematic review and meta-analysis of published literature. The exposure was surgical safety checklist use. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality and the secondary outcome was postoperative complications. In the ISOS cohort, a multivariable multi-level generalized linear model was used to test associations. To further contextualise these findings, we included the results from the ISOS cohort in a meta-analysis. Results are reported as odds ratios (OR) with 95% confidence intervals. Results: We included 44 814 patients from 497 hospitals in 27 countries in the ISOS analysis. There were 40 245 (89.8%) patients exposed to the checklist, whilst 7508 (16.8%) sustained ≥1 postoperative complications and 207 (0.5%) died before hospital discharge. Checklist exposure was associated with reduced mortality [odds ratio (OR) 0.49 (0.32–0.77); P\u3c0.01], but no difference in complication rates [OR 1.02 (0.88–1.19); P=0.75]. In a systematic review, we screened 3732 records and identified 11 eligible studies of 453 292 patients including the ISOS cohort. Checklist exposure was associated with both reduced postoperative mortality [OR 0.75 (0.62–0.92); P\u3c0.01; I2=87%] and reduced complication rates [OR 0.73 (0.61–0.88); P\u3c0.01; I2=89%). Conclusions: Patients exposed to a surgical safety checklist experience better postoperative outcomes, but this could simply reflect wider quality of care in hospitals where checklist use is routine

Critical care admission following elective surgery was not associated with survival benefit: prospective analysis of data from 27 countries

This was an investigator initiated study funded by Nestle Health Sciences through an unrestricted research grant, and by a National Institute for Health Research (UK) Professorship held by RP. The study was sponsored by Queen Mary University of London