79 research outputs found
Possible Assessment Method of Green Infrastructure in the Case of Small Town Keszthely, Hungary
Recently the planning of green infrastructure (GI) has become a general practice around metropolis (Paris, MĂĽnchen, Budapest, etc). A complex methodology is required that goes beyond the scope of traditional green surface systems. However, there are various policy implications in the EU, the smaller towns are lagging to apply them. The paper presents a potential evaluation method through the case study of Keszthely, HU. As Keszthely at Balaton Riviera, is a popular touristic target of CEE, the environmental planning is an essential part of sustainable development.
After a literature analyses of assessment methods of GI and ecosystem services, the aspects of GI have been valued on grade scales, based on field surveys and indicators. The current status of the GI was surveyed which is a base for further development and monitoring activities. The paper introduces the methodology, which contributes to preservation of ecosystems
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Land-use characteristics of urban sprawl around Hungarian middle-sized towns
The urbanisation of Central Eastern European Countries is low compared to the Western European examples: The rate of the surfaces affected by urbanisation is 0.14%, in the Czech Republic and 0.11% in Slovakia and Hungary(Feranec et al. 2010). The growth of new artificial surfaces (defined by Bossard et al. (2000) Nomenclature main category Nr.1) and land consumption increased after 1990, particularly in the urban catchment area (Hardi et al. 2020; Cieslak et al. 2020; etc.). Only a few studies – highlighted the capitals and cities – deal with exact spatial aspects of urban sprawl in post-socialist countries and provide evidence to spatial planning and regulation. In present study we aimed to answer the following questions: What are the most important functions of new artificial areas after the regime change in Hungarian middle-sized town and their neighbourhood? Can the urban sprawl be explained by demographic changes in study area? What kind of natural, semi-natural or agricultural areas are affected by urban sprawl? Which zones have the most intensive growth in new artificial surfaces?
To answer the questions CORINE Land Cover Change (CLC CHA) geodatabase and statistical data between 1990 and 2018 were analysed, illustrated, and interpreted for 12 Hungarian middle-sized town and their catchment areas. The first results suggest that the tendency of urban sprawl is different from the aspects of demography. Also, the authors would like to draw the attention on the importance of motorway construction in consumption of natural land and weak protection of arable land with excellent production conditions and Natura 2000 areas. Recent study provides information to regional planning by repelling the function of areas affected by land consumption
Characteristics of Post Socialist Spatial Development of the Functional Urban Area of Veszprém, Hungary
The post-socialist era resulted remarkable changes in urban landscape in Eastern Europe and in Hungary. The special circumstances caused moderate level of urbanisation and special patterns of urban sprawl, traceable in land use changes. The urban sprawl and suburbanisation became an important trend around smaller Hungarian cities as well. Regulators are eager to rule the evolution of spaces, however, it is hard to control all aspects of land use. The research presented in this paper shows the dynamics of new artificial areas with the help of land use changes from the Corine Database for the functional urban area around Veszprém and attempts to find the most important policy responses to the growing artificial surfaces after transition. The research questions are: What are the most important trends in changing in-built areas in a small city after the transition? What kind of new artificial areas appeared and where are they situated? Were the land use plans and nature protection effective tools for manage urban sprawl? With the help of Corine land use changes between 1990-2018 the most important spatial changes are shown, and the different peri-urban areas are compared around the core town. Attention is drawn to the importance of regulation for sustainable land use and protection of resources. It also highlights the importance of the regulatory power of municipalities. Changes in the environment of Veszprém may give inspiration for the rethinking the relationship of urban-rural, and catchment area and core town
A Város MindenkiĂ© csoport „UtcárĂłl lakásba” kĂsĂ©rlete KĹ‘bányán
A Város MindenkiĂ© csoport a X. kerĂĽletben egy kunyhĂłbontást megakadályozĂł Ă©rdekvĂ©delmi tevĂ©kenysĂ©g kapcsán kezdett tárgyalni az Ă©rintettek bevonásával a helyi önkormányzattal. Cikkemben az ebbĹ‘l kibontakozĂł programot mutatom be. Miután lehetĹ‘sĂ©gĂĽnk nyĂlt segĂteni a saját Ă©pĂtĂ©sű kunyhĂłban Ă©lĹ‘ kĂ©t párnak, hogy hozzájussanak egy önkormányzati szociális bĂ©rlakáshoz, megnĹ‘tt a munkánk tĂ©tje. Azt tűztĂĽk ki cĂ©lul, hogy kiprĂłbálhassuk, mennyiben lehetsĂ©ges alkalmazni az ElsĹ‘kĂ©nt lakhatást szemlĂ©let egyes elemeit, egy minimális költsĂ©gvetĂ©sű Ă©s nagyon kis cĂ©lcsoporttal dolgozĂł projekt során. Az elsĹ‘ Ă©vben vĂ©gzett tevĂ©kenysĂ©gĂĽnk meggyĹ‘zte az önkormányzatot arrĂłl, hogy Ă©rdemes a gyakorlatunkat a kerĂĽletben programmá alakĂtani. Dolgozatom a csoport kĹ‘bányai munkájának leĂrása Ă©s eddigi tanulságainak összegzĂ©se
A zálogjogosult bekapcsolódása a végrehajtási eljárásba
Lien is substantially characterized by priority in satisfaction, which is in the spotlight of the execution of the lien. The lien’s function and force as a security interest is determined by the rules of execution. Under Act V of 2013 on the Civil Code, out-of-court execution has become the main rule, however, judicial execution and liquidation proceedings remained available to enforce the lien. Furthermore, in order to protect the purpose of the pledge to serve as a collateral and to provide priority in satisfaction, the lien may also be enforced where the pledge has been seized and offered for sale in the execution proceedings initiated by a person other than the lien holder. In this case, the lien holder may join in the execution proceedings even if his/ her claim against the lienee as debtor is not yet due. otherwise, upon auctioning the pledge, the lien holder’s lien would terminate. The purpose of this study is to identify and address the issues of this specific type of execution that arise during implementation as well as the incompleteness of the applicable laws and regulations.A zálogjog a polgári jog kĂ©tarcĂş jogintĂ©zmĂ©nye. MegtalálhatĂłak benne a kötelmi Ă©s dologi joghoz kapcsolĂłdĂł elemek is. A zálogjog egyrĂ©szrĹ‘l szerzĹ‘dĂ©st biztosĂtĂł mellĂ©kkötelezettsĂ©g, ami azt jelenti, hogy a szerzĹ‘dĂ©st kötĹ‘ felek kötelmi jogi ĂĽgyletĂĽk biztosĂtĂ©kakĂ©nt alapĂtják a zálogjogot, másrĂ©szt korlátolt dologi jog, amely alapján a zálogjog nemcsak a felek közötti jogviszonyban, hanem minden kĂvĂĽlállĂł irányában joghatást vált ki. A zálogjog ugyanis abban az esetben is fennmarad, ha a zálogkötelezett átruházza a dolog tulajdonjogát, mivel azt az Ăşj tulajdonos zálogjoggal terhelten szerzi meg. A zálogjogosultat a zálogtárgy mindenkori tulajdonosával szemben megilleti az a jog, hogy követelĂ©sĂ©t a zálogtárgybĂłl kielĂ©gĂtse. EzenkĂvĂĽl a zálogjog dologi jogi jellegĂ©t jellemzi, hogy zálogjog nem csupán a kötelmi jogi ĂĽgylet kötelezettjĂ©t, hanem más szemĂ©lyt is terhelhet. Ilyen esetben a szemĂ©lyes adĂłs Ă©s a zálogkötelezett (dologi kötelezett) szemĂ©lye elválik egymástĂłl. A zálogkötelezett nem köteles a követelĂ©s megtĂ©rĂtĂ©sĂ©re, hanem csupán annak tűrĂ©sĂ©re, hogy ha az adĂłs nem teljesĂt, a zálogjogosult a követelĂ©sĂ©t a zálogtárgybĂłl kielĂ©gĂtse
Kint és bent - háromszor = In and Out - three times
ProjektĂĽnkben nĂ©gy közössĂ©gtanulmány alapján azt vizsgáltuk, hogy a rendszerváltást követĹ‘ gazdasági szerkezetváltás, a kialakulĂł kapitalizmus rĂ©gi/Ăşj gazdasági szereplĹ‘i, az elmĂşlt Ă©vekben az EurĂłpai UniĂłhoz valĂł csatlakozáshoz mĂ©rten eltűnĹ‘ vagy megmerevedĹ‘ határai hogyan formálták a megĂ©lhetĂ©si lehetĹ‘sĂ©geit. Azt tapasztaltuk, hogy a helyi társadalmak ugyan eltĂ©rĹ‘ egyĂĽttműködĂ©si formákat Ă©s csoportközi viszonyokat alakĂtanak ki, ezek azonban modellezhetĹ‘ egyĂĽttĂ©lĂ©si mintázatokat adnak ki. A kutatás során esettanulmányokban foglaltuk össze a nĂ©gy telepĂĽlĂ©sen - Old, Mocsa, BedĹ‘ Ă©s Tiszakerecseny - háztartási szinten megfigyelt hĂ©tköznapi megĂ©lhetĂ©si formákat, majd ezek mechanizmusait tártuk fel Ă©s helyeztĂĽk kĂĽlönbözĹ‘ modellekbe. A feldolgozás második lĂ©pĂ©sĂ©ben öt mozzanatot hangsĂşlyoztunk: 1. migráciĂłs logikák Ă©s demográfiai szerkezet 2. rurális kisvilágok 3. informális Ă©s formális megĂ©lhetĂ©si technikák Ă©s kĂ©nyszerek 4. az etnicitás mint kizárás/erĹ‘forrás 5. közössĂ©gek Ă©s szomszĂ©dságok szervezĹ‘dĂ©sĂ©nek logikái. VĂ©gĂĽl mĂ©lyfĂşrások segĂtsĂ©gĂ©vel olyan jelensĂ©geket elemeztĂĽnk finomabb mĂłdszerekkel, mint a telepĂĽlĂ©sen belĂĽli harc Ă©s tĂ©rhasználat, az intĂ©zmĂ©nyi kizárási eljárások, a telepĂĽlĂ©shatárok fölötti uralom formái, valamint a mindennapi országhatár-használat sajátosságai a nĂ©gy telepĂĽlĂ©sen Ă©s környĂ©kĂ©n. Kutatási eredmĂ©nyeinket könyv formájában szándĂ©kozunk közreadni. | In our research we intended to explore how the economic structural change following the regime change and the old/new economic actors of the emerging capitalism reshaped the economic possibilities of the populations living in border regions. We also looked at the impacts of the “vanishing” and the “hardening” country borders after the EU-accessions. We used the method of community studies and fieldwork. We found that local societies establish different forms of cooperation and intra-group relations. Nevertheless, these forms could be seen as models of different cohabitation patterns. In our research we summarized the various everyday living forms of households and explored their mechanisms in the four communities (Old, Mocsa, BedĹ‘, Tiszakerecseny) and then we placed them into different models. In the next step of our analysis we focused on the following five aspects: 1. migration and demographic structures 2. small, rural communities 3. formal and informal survival techniques and constraints 4. ethnicity as exclusion or resource 5. the logic of the formation of communities and neighbourhoods. Finally, using a more in-depth analysis, we investigated phenomena such as symbolic community fights and the use of geographical spaces, institutional exclusion practices, the forms of dominance over the community goods and the characteristics of the everyday usage of country borders in the four villages and in their vicinities. Our research results will be published in a book
ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOUR OF BENZIMIDAZOLES II. PREPARATION OF A BIOLOGICALLY ACTIVE COMPOUND BY ELECTROREDUCTIVE DECARBOXYMETHYLATION
Based on steady-state voltammetric experiments, preparative electrochemical reduction
of the 1 ,3,5-triazino-(1 ,2-a)-benzimidazole-1 (2H )-carboxylic acid-3-dodecyl-3,4-dihydro-,
methylester 1 was carried out on Hg. Pb and Pt cathodes, in DMF /TBAP and
MeCN /TBAP electrolytes. In all cases reduction resulted in the decarboxymethylated
derivative 2 by cleavage of the carbon-nitrogen bond. The best product and current yield
for 2 formation could be achieved when Pt was used as cathode material, MeCN /TBAP
as electrolyte, a divided cell and constant current density in the range 15-25 mA/cm2
, or
working at constant potential between 1.6 and 2.3 V vs Ag/ AgI electrode. The reaction
mechanism seemed to that of the activated halides
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