Folate Metabolism Interferes with Plant Immunity through 1C Methionine Synthase-Directed Genome-wide DNA Methylation Enhancement

[EN] Plants rely on primary metabolism for flexible adaptation to environmental changes. Here, through a combination of chemical genetics and forward genetic studies in Arabidopsis plants, we identified that the essential folate metabolic pathway exerts a salicylic acid-independent negative control on plant immunity. Disruption of the folate pathway promotes enhanced resistance to Pseudomonas syringae DC3000 via activation of a primed immune state in plants, whereas its implementation results in enhanced susceptibility. Comparative proteomics analysis using immune-defective mutants identified a methionine synthase (METS1), in charge of the synthesis of Met through the folate-dependent 1C metabolism, acting as a nexus between the folate pathway and plant immunity. Overexpression of METS1 represses plant immunity and is accompanied by genome-wide global increase in DNA methylation, revealing that imposing a methylation pressure at the genomic level compromises plant immunity. Take together, these results indicate that the folate pathway represents a new layer of complexity in the regulation of plant defense responses.We acknowledge V. Flors for the determination of SA level, S. Tarraga for the 2D-DIGE analysis and selection of spots proteins, and the SCSIE_University of Valencia Proteomics Unit for MS-MALDI-TOF/TOF and/or LC-MS/MS analyses. We thank J. Forment for his assistance with the analysis of methylation data from the ZR platform, and J. Garcia-Andrade, V. Ramirez, and L. Castelblanque for critical discussions. No conflict of interest declared. We acknowledge the Spanish Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovacion y Universidades (MICIU) for grants BFU2015-68199-R RTI2018-098501-B-100 to P.V.González, B.; Vera Vera, P. (2019). Folate Metabolism Interferes with Plant Immunity through 1C Methionine Synthase-Directed Genome-wide DNA Methylation Enhancement. 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La estirpe de Pigmalión: poesía y escultura en el Siglo de Oro [Reseña]

Reseña de: Marcial Rubio Árquez y Adrián J. Sáez. La estirpe de Pigmalión: poesía y escultura en el Siglo de Oro. Madrid: Grupo editorial Sial Pigmalión, 2017

Synoptic-scale variability and its relationship with total ozone and Antarctic vortex displacements

The main synoptic-scale circulation anomaly pattern over extratropical South America during the austral spring (September-November) is identified by means of rotated extended empirical orthogonal function techniques, applied to the meridional wind perturbation time series at 300 hPa. The dataset is based on 15 spring seasons (1979-93) of meteorological data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction-Department of Energy Atmospheric Model Intercomparison Project version-2 daily averaged reanalyses, given in 17 vertical levels from 1000 to 10 hPa. The total-ozone daily measurements for the same period are from the Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer instrument (version 7). The principal synoptic-scale anomaly pattern is associated with an anticyclone-cyclone pair evolving eastward along subpolar latitudes (and hence it is termed the subpolar mode), with a typical length scale of 5000 km and a phase velocity of 8 m s-1. The subpolar-mode waves, which display the main characteristics of midlatitude baroclinic waves, typically maximize near or above the tropopause and propagate upward into the lower stratosphere, showing large amplitudes even at 50 hPa and above. Subpolar-mode-related circulation anomalies are found to be responsible for large total-ozone daily fluctuations near southern South America and nearby regions. In the positive phase of the subpolar mode, total-ozone fluctuations, which are negative, adopt a sigmoid structure, with a zonal scale as large as the anticyclone-cyclone pair. Moreover, it is herein shown that the associated anticyclone produces a local ozone-column decrease to the north and east of its center, due to adiabatic uplift of air parcels in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere. At the same time, the downstream cyclonic disturbance is responsible for large negative total-ozone anomalies to the west and south of its center. As the cyclone develops in the lower stratosphere, it promotes the northward incursion of the Antarctic vortex up to about 55°S, along with air masses of highly depleted ozone levels.Fil: Vigliarolo, Paula Karina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Carolina Susana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Diaz, Susana Beatriz. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Genética y Biología Molecular "Dr. Héctor N. Torres"; Argentin

Pluralidade cultural: de memórias à geraç@o.com

Anais do II Seminário Seminário Estadual PIBID do Paraná: tecendo saberes / organizado por Dulcyene Maria Ribeiro e Catarina Costa Fernandes — Foz do Iguaçu: Unioeste; Unila, 2014O trabalho expõe a experiência do projeto “Pluralidade Cultural”, realizado com quatro turmas, 8o e 9oAnos, do Colégio Eron Domingues, em parceria com o PIBID de Letras-Língua Portuguesa da UNIOESTE. Teve como foco permitir aos alunos, via diferentes gêneros textuais, impressos e conhecer e compartilhar de um legado cultural de gerações, englobando transformações culturais que retratam um passado e um presente muito próximos. A experiência mostra que independentemente de cor, raça, credo e gênero todos são transformados e transformadores, onde todo tipo de preconceito gerado pelas diferenças deve ser combatido. Neste viés de pesquisas, resgates, produções e socializações se efetivou o projeto culminando em exposições, fórum, seminários com suporte das diferentes mídias, ênfase nas redes sociais, Blog e Facebook. Utilizando diferentes formas de interação, os resultados foram positivos na reflexão sobre a formação cultural do alun

Efectos de la crisis sobre la distribución de la renta : un estudio comparativo

Universidad de Sevilla. Grado en Finanzas y Contabilida

Immunohistochemical expression of glucose transporter 1 in keratin-producing odontogenic cysts

Background: Keratin-producing odontogenic cysts (KPOCs) are a group of cystic lesions that are often aggressive, with high rates of recurrence and multifocality. KPOCs included orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst (OOC) and parakeratotic odontogenic cysts, which are now considered true tumours denominated keratocystic odontogenic tumours (KCOTs). GLUT1 is a protein transporter that is involved in the active uptake of glucose across cell membranes and that is overexpressed in tumours in close correlation with the proliferation rate and positron emission tomography (PET) imaging results. Methods: A series of 58 keratin-producing odontogenic cysts was evaluated histologically and immunohistochemically in terms of GLUT1 expression. Different data were correlated using the beta regression model in relation to histological type and immunohistochemical expression of GLUT1, which was quantified using two different morphological methods. Results: KPOC cases comprised 12 OOCs and 46 KCOTs, the latter corresponding to 6 syndromic and 40 sporadic KCOTs. GLUT1 expression was very low in OOC cases compared with KCOT cases, with statistical significant differences when quantification was considered. Different GLUT1 localisation patterns were revealed by immunostaining, with the parabasal cells showing higher reactivity in KCOTs. However, among KCOTs cases, GLUT1 expression was unable to establish differences between syndromic and sporadic cases. Conclusions: GLUT1 expression differentiated between OOC and KCOT cases, with significantly higher expression in KCOTs, but did not differentiate between syndromic and sporadic KCOT cases. However, given the structural characteristics of KCOTs, we hypothesised that PET imaging methodology is probably not a useful diagnostic tool for KCOTs. Further studies of GLUT1 expression and PET examination in KCOT series are needed to confirm this last hypothesis. Keywords: Glucose transporter protein, Immunohistochemistry, Keratin-producing odontogenic cyst, Keratocystic odontogenic tumour, Orthokeratinised odontogenic cyst, Positron emission tomograph

Respuesta del perifiton de agua dulce al glifosato grado-técnico y dos formulados comerciales

El glifosato es el herbicida más utilizado a nivel mundial. Puede llegar a los cuerpos de agua y afectar a las comunidades microbianas. Comparamos los efectos del glifosato grado técnico y dos formulados comerciales sobre una comunidad periférica de agua dulce. Se llevó a cabo un experimento de laboratorio con cuatro tratamientos: glifosato ácido grado técnico, Glifosato II Atanor, Roundup Max, a una concentración de 3 mg de ingrediente activo/L, y un Control. A los 2, 5 y 9 días posteriores a la aplicación de los herbicidas se determinaron la concentración de pigmentos, peso seco, peso seco libre de cenizas y densidad algal del perifiton. Se registró un incremento de la abundancia de Cyanobacteria y una disminución de Chlorophyta y Bacillariophyta en todos los tratamientos con herbicida. Este efecto fue mayor con la adición de Roundup Max y Glifosato II Atanor, y fue menor con glifosato grado técnico, sugiriendo que los aditivos en los formulados comerciales pueden intensificar los efectos del glifosatoGlyphosate is the most widely used herbicide worldwide. It may reach water bodies and affect microbial communities. We compared the effects of two commercial formulations and technical-grade glyphosate on a freshwater periphytic community. A laboratory bioassay was carried out with four treatments: technical-grade glyphosate acid, Glifosato II Atanor, Roundup Max, at a concentration of 3 mg active ingredient/L, and Control. At 2, 5 and 9 days after herbicide application, pigments concentration, dry weight, ash-free dry weight, and periphytic algal density were determined. An increase of Cyanobacteria and a decrease of Chlorophyta and Bacillariophyta abundances were registered in all treatments with the herbicide. This effect was greater when Roundup Max and Glifosato II Atanor® were added, and was lower with technical-grade glyphosate, suggesting that additives in the commercial formulations may enhance glyphosate effects.Fil: Gonzalez, Daniela. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución; ArgentinaFil: Juarez, Angela Beatriz. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental; ArgentinaFil: Krug, Cecilia Pamela. Universidad Nacional de San Martín. Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería Ambiental; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Santos, Marina. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Industrial; ArgentinaFil: Vera, Maria Solange. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Instituto de Ecología, Genética y Evolución de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Extra-curricular activities and the prevention of drug abuse: a polemic question

Data obtained from 16,117 high school students in fifteen Brazilian cities, relating to participation in a number of extracurricular activities and consumption of drugs and alcohol, are described. In the great majority of cases, no association was found between participation in artistic, community or sports-related activities and the use of these substances. On the other hand, a weak but constant negative correlation was found between alcohol/drug consumption and involvement in religious activities. The authors discuss these findings in the light of some of the current preconceptions prevailing in Brazilian society: namely, that such activities constitute effective strategies for drug use prevention; and that idle young persons tend to be potential drug users. They also discuss the implications of the fact among students involved in religious activities drug and alcohol consumption has been shown to be slightly lower.O presente trabalho descreve dados colhidos entre 16.117 estudantes de primeiro e segundo graus, de quinze cidades brasileiras, sobre a prática de algumas atividades não curriculares e o consumo de álcool e drogas. Não foi encontrada, na ampla maioria dos casos, nenhuma associação entre praticar esportes, artes e atividades comunitárias e o consumo dessas substâncias. Mas foi encontrada correlação negativa fraca, mas constante, entre consumo de álcool e drogas e freqüência a atividades religiosas. Os achados são discutidos à luz de alguns preconceitos correntes na sociedade brasileira, que rotula o jovem sem ocupação definida como drogado em potencial. Discutem também as implicações do fato de entre os jovens praticantes de atividades religiosas haver uma discreta diminuição do uso de álcool e drogas.Escola Paulista de Medicina Departamento de Psicobiologia Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas PsicotrópicasUNIFESP, EPM, Depto. de Psicobiologia Centro Brasileiro de Informações sobre Drogas PsicotrópicasSciEL

Estado de bienestar bajo ataque: Consecuencias esperadas y disimuladas de la Troika

El presente artículo, partiendo de la especificidad del modelo de salud portugués y del papel que juega el Estado para enfrentar la crisis económica, analiza cómo las políticas de austeridad que tuvieron lugar durante la troika en Portugal afectaron la sociedad, especialmente los inmigrantes, condicionándoles el acceso a los servicios de salud. El Estado de Bienestar sale debilitado, y pone en evidencia que la acción de la sociedad de bienestar (Santos 1992 y 1995) y de la «safety net» (Ferrera, 2005) adquieren una gran importancia, compensando las deficiencias estatales. En consecuencia, la sociedad de bienestar asume roles de colaboración, mediación e intervención como estrategias relacionadas a propia intervención estatal.Starting from the specificities of the Portuguese Health Service and the role placed by the State to face the economic crisis, this article aim at analysing how austerity policies that took place during Troika in Portugal affected society, mainly immigrants, conditioning their access to health services. The Welfare State weakens, putting in evidence that the intervention of welfare society (Santos 1992 y 1995) and the «safety net» (Ferrera, 2005) grow in importance, compensating State shortcomings. In consequence, welfare society takes on collaboration, mediation or intervention’s roles as strategies that respond to state intervention

Procedentes de varias cuevas situadas en la Subbética cordobesa

Estudiamos una serie de cerámicas procedentes de las cuevas de los Murciélagos (Zuheros), de el Muerto (Carcabuey) y Negra (Rute), provincia de Córdoba, que muestran la presencia de un cordón interior perforado situado inmediatamente debajo del labio y, en determinados casos, representaciones de «oculados». Tanto la forma de las vasijas, la tipología de sus asas y las decoraciones no simbólicas, apuntan hacia una adjudicación neolítica. La presencia de temas simbólicos conlleva nuevos planteamientos sobre el tema oculado en el Arte Esquemático andaluz.study a group of pottery fragments found at the caves of «Murciélagos» (Zuheros), «el Muerto» (Carcabuey) and «Negra» (Rute), in the province of Córdoba. All of them show an internal perforated cord just under the rim. Sometimes this feature is combined with «ocular» representations in the neck of the vessels. Their forms, tipology of handles and non-simbolic decoration, lead us to consider them as Neolithic. The analisys of these Neolithic simbolical potteries opens new perspectives about ocular theme in Andalousian Schematic Art