Double reading of outsourced CT/MR radiology reports

OBJECTIVES: Our objective was to determine disagreement rates in radiological reports provided by using a double-reading protocol in a national teleradiology company. METHODS: From January 2015 to July 2016, 134169 radiological exams from 36 French centers, benefited outsourced interpretations by certified radiologists, in both regular and after-hours activities. Of these, 2040 CT and MR-scans (1.5%) were subjected to a second opinion by other radiologists in the field of their anatomical specialty (cerebral, thoracic, abdominal-pelvic, and osteoarticular). A five-point agreement scale graded from 0 to 4 was assigned for each exam. Disagreements were considered as minor if no clinical consequence for patient (scores 1 and 2) and major if potential clinical consequence (score 3 and 4). Independent radiologists performed a retrospective analysis and a stratified statistical analysis. RESULTS: Double reading was performed on CT-scans (n = 934/2040, 45.8%) and MR-scans (n = 1106/2040, 54.2%) performed in regular (80.1%) and after-hours activities (19.9%). Disagreement scores occurred in 437 exams (21.4%), including major disagreements in 59 (2.9%). Among these, 48/754 were assigned by the thoracic second reader (6.4%), 6/70 by the abdominal-pelvic second reader (8.6%), 3/901 by the osteoarticular second reader (0.3%), and 2/315 by the cerebral second reader (0.6%), with statistical significant difference. No additional disagreement rate was observed in regular and after-hours activities (P = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS: Double-reading of outsourced CT and MRI interpretations yielded 21.4% disagreement rate, with potential clinical consequence for patient in 2,9% of the cases. These results are in accordance with those previously reported and suggests that quality assurance of outsourced interpretations is needed

CD4+ T cells spontaneously producing human immunodeficiency virus type I in breast milk from women with or without antiretroviral drugs

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) through breast-feeding may involve both cell-free and cell-associated virus. This latter viral reservoir remains, however, to be fully explored. CD4⁺T cell-associated virus production in breast milk was therefore investigated.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The <it>ex vivo </it>spontaneous production of HIV-1 antigen and HIV-1 RNA by CD4⁺T cells was measured in paired blood and breast milk samples from 15 HIV-1 infected women treated or not with antiretroviral drugs. Spontaneous antigen secreting cells (HIV-1-AgSCs) from breast milk and blood were enumerated by an ELISpot assay, and cell-associated HIV-1 RNA was quantified by real-time PCR in supernatants of CD4⁺T cells cultured for 18 hours without addition of polyclonal activators.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Among the CD4⁺T cells present in breast milk, memory cells expressing high levels of cell-surface activation markers were predominant. Spontaneous HIV-1-AgSCs were detected and enumerated in the breast milk of all 15 women, with a median number of 13.0 and 9.5 HIV-1- AgSCs/106 CD4⁺T cells in aviremic (n = 7) and viremic (n = 8) women, respectively. Cell- associated HIV-1 RNA was detected in cell-free supernatants from 4/7 aviremic and 5/8 viremic individuals at median levels of 190 and 245 copies/ml, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Activated CD4⁺T cells producing HIV-1 are detected in the breast milk of untreated individuals as well as those receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy. This finding strongly suggests that HIV-1 replication occurs in latently infected CD4⁺T cells that, upon spontaneous activation, revert to productively infected cells. These cells might be responsible for a residual breast milk transmission despite maternal highly active antiretroviral therapy.</p

Interventional neuroradiology : clinical experience and circulating endothelial cells detection.

La neuroradiologie Interventionnelle est devenue une spécialité médicale à part entière en évolution permanente avec l'amélioration des technologies radiologiques et endovasculaires. Néanmoins, de trop nombreuses complications liées à la technique elle-même sont encore rapportées. Basés sur notre expérience clinico-radiologique, nous nous sommes plus particulièrement intéressés aux complications thromboemboliques grâce à de nouvelles technologies biologiques permettant d'envisager une analyse des lésions vasculaires à l'échelle cellulaire (Cellsearch®). Ainsi au cours de différents examens diagnostiques et thérapeutiques nous avons analysé les taux artériels et veineux de cellules endothéliales circulantes à différents temps de la procédure. Nous avons démontré l'agression du matériel endovasculaire sur les parois artérielles induisant un relargage immédiat de CECs unitaires et en amas de taille variable, parfois géants (300 µm). Les amas présentant une taille supérieure aux diamètres des microcapillaires ne peuvent pas migrer dans le compartiment veineux et sont donc potentiellement à l'origine d'une occlusion artérielle très distale responsable de lésions microischémiques qualifiées de silencieuses car asymptomatique dans l'ensemble des cas observés. Les lésions pariétales artérielles induites sont ensuite probablement réparées par un mécanisme dynamique mettant en jeu une augmentation lente et progressive des CEPs jusqu'à l'obtention d'une réparation de l'endothélium. Au delà des facteurs mécaniques endovasculaires, l'analyse cellulaire de cette cinétique destruction-régénération des parois artérielles pourrait s'avérer intéressante dans l'évaluation de l'endothélialisation des endoprothèses intracrâniennes.Permanents Improvements in radiological and endovascular devices made the Interventional Neuroradiology considered as a complete medical specialty. However, too many procedural complications due to the devices remain observed in all reported series. On the basis of our clinical center experience we decided to analyze thromboembolic complications by using new biological tests allowing to the detection of circulating endothelial cells. During cerebral diagnostic or therapeutic angiography, arterial and venous CECs rates were analyzed before, during, and after endovascular procedures. Thus, we demonstrated the potential arterial wall injury following catheterization that induced unit and cluster of CECs, some of them were giants (300 µm). Clusters presenting with a size up than those described from microcapillary lumen cannot go through venous compartment, and potentially block into a distal artery inducing microischemic stroke (silent embolism) as observed in this work. In addition, the induced arterial wall injury is probably regenerated by a dynamic mechanism involving a delayed increase of CEPs rates, until the new endothelialization. Over endovascular mechanism factor analysis, the CECs-CEPs investigations could be an interesting strategy in the monitoring of intracranial endoprothesis endothelialization

Traitement endovasculaire de 174 anévrismes de l'artère cérébrale moyenne (évaluation clinique et résultats radiologiques à long terme)

MONTPELLIER-BU Médecine UPM (341722108) / SudocMONTPELLIER-BU Médecine (341722104) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Parotid Gland Tumors

International audienceThe aim of the study was to evaluate dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in the characterization of parotid gland tumors

CD44v6 Defines a New Population of Circulating Tumor Cells Not Expressing EpCAM

International audienceCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising diagnostic and prognostic tools for clinical use. In several cancers, including colorectal and breast, the CTC load has been associated with a therapeutic response as well as progression-free and overall survival. However, counting and isolating CTCs remains sub-optimal because they are currently largely identified by epithelial markers such as EpCAM. New, complementary CTC surface markers are therefore urgently needed. We previously demonstrated that a splice variant of CD44, CD44 variable alternative exon 6 (CD44v6), is highly and specifically expressed by CTC cell lines derived from blood samples in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Two different approaches-immune detection coupled with magnetic beads and fluorescence-activated cell sorting-were optimized to purify CTCs from patient blood samples based on high expressions of CD44v6. We revealed the potential of the CD44v6 as a complementary marker to EpCAM to detect and purify CTCs in colorectal cancer blood samples. Furthermore, this marker is not restricted to colorectal cancer since CD44v6 is also expressed on CTCs from breast cancer patients. Overall, these results strongly suggest that CD44v6 could be useful to enumerate and purify CTCs from cancers of different origins, paving the way to more efficacious combined markers that encompass CTC heterogeneity

CD44v6 Defines a New Population of Circulating Tumor Cells Not Expressing EpCAM

International audienceCirculating tumor cells (CTCs) are promising diagnostic and prognostic tools for clinical use. In several cancers, including colorectal and breast, the CTC load has been associated with a therapeutic response as well as progression-free and overall survival. However, counting and isolating CTCs remains sub-optimal because they are currently largely identified by epithelial markers such as EpCAM. New, complementary CTC surface markers are therefore urgently needed. We previously demonstrated that a splice variant of CD44, CD44 variable alternative exon 6 (CD44v6), is highly and specifically expressed by CTC cell lines derived from blood samples in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. Two different approaches—immune detection coupled with magnetic beads and fluorescence-activated cell sorting—were optimized to purify CTCs from patient blood samples based on high expressions of CD44v6. We revealed the potential of the CD44v6 as a complementary marker to EpCAM to detect and purify CTCs in colorectal cancer blood samples. Furthermore, this marker is not restricted to colorectal cancer since CD44v6 is also expressed on CTCs from breast cancer patients. Overall, these results strongly suggest that CD44v6 could be useful to enumerate and purify CTCs from cancers of different origins, paving the way to more efficacious combined markers that encompass CTC heterogeneity