Isolation and Characterization of Bacterial Lipids and its Application as Antioxidant Agent

The study was aimed to isolate the oleaginous bacteria from various soil samples and characterize the bacterial lipids to study its suitable application. The study was carried out from June 2023 to October 2023 in the microbiology lab at Changu Kana Thakur Arts, Commerce & Science College, New Panvel (Autonomous). The soil samples were collected from the garden, dumping, and compost area at New Panvel. The bacterial isolation was carried out by simple streak plate method, followed by screening by Sudan black B staining method. Production of oleaginous bacteria was done, followed by extraction of lipids by Bligh and dyer method. The extracted lipids were characterized by TLC and FTIR. The antioxidant potential of extracted lipids was assessed by DPPH method. The different oleaginous bacteria were isolated from soil sample and screened by Sudan black B staining method. The results indicate phospholipids, TAG, esters of fatty acids were mainly present. The extracted lipid samples S1C2, S2C4, S2C2, S1C1, S3C4, S2C1, S3C2 have 83.30%, 80%, 36.60%, 23.30%, 26.60%, 16.6%, 6.6% antioxidant potential respectively

Effects of internal heat generation and Lorentz force on unsteady hybrid nanoliquid flow and heat transfer along a moving plate with nonuniform temperature

The aim of the study: This study aims to explore the transient magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) boundary layer thermal convective flow of a hybrid nanoliquid past a moving vertical plate under the influence of internal heat generation and variable surface temperature. The research methodology: The problem is modeled by coupled nonlinear partial differential equations with relevant boundary conditions. Formulated control equations are worked out using the robust implicit finite‐difference technique. The current work is validated with existing literature for special cases of the problem. The impact of important characteristics on hydrodynamic and thermal patterns, accompanied by skin friction parameter and Nusselt number, is scrutinized graphically. The major conclusion of the study: Impacts of MHD, inner thermal generation, and variable surface temperature on nanoliquid circulation and energy transport are studied. It has been found that velocity, temperature, and skin friction coefficient increase with the increase in the heat generation parameter, whereas the Nusselt number reduces with such parameter

Physico‑chemical, microbial and phytotoxicity evaluation of composts from sorghum, finger millet and soybean straws

Open Access Journal; Published online: 24 Dec 2018Purpose Composting is an environmentally sustainable alternative for bioconversion of agricultural residues into a nutrient-rich product that can enhance soil fertility/microbial diversity and thereby improve agricultural productivity. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the decomposition pattern of the agro-residues and assess the maturity and phytotoxicity of the composts obtained using physico-chemical, microbial and statistical analyses. The study also attempted to determine a threshold germination index (GI) to serve as a maturity index for the composts by conducting seed germination assays with tomato, chickpea and soybean seeds. Methods Three agricultural residues/straws of Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) and Glycine max (soybean) were subjected to aerobic composting for a period of 60 days to study the impact of saw dust on the decomposition pattern and the ultimate compost quality/characteristics. Results The results showed efficient decomposition pattern of the agricultural residues characterized by high temperature profiles (up to 70 °C), high microbial activity, a sharp decrease in C/N ratio of the composting materials, i.e., from an initial 41–61 to final 10–17. Conclusions Statistical evaluation of seed germination assays showed that only the compost obtained from sorghum straw + saw dust was mature and free from any phytotoxicity as all the tested seeds showed higher and statistically significant GIs. It was difficult to attribute a single threshold GI value to indicate maturity of compost and could not further be applied to different types of composts as different seeds responded differently to the same compost

Effect of integrated agronomic practices on hybrids and pure-line varieties under different environmental conditions in pigeonpea [Cajanus cajan (L.) Millspaugh]

The field experiment was conducted at two locations during kharif 2011 and 2012 at Vasantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (VNMKV), Parbhani, Maharashtra and International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT), Patancheru, Andhra Pradesh to study the effect of various integrated agronomic practices on hybrids and pure-line varieties of pigeonpea. The genotypes used were three medium maturity group hybrids (ICPH 2671, ICPH 2740 and ICPH 3762) and three pure-line varieties (BDN 711, BSMR 736 and Asha) laid out in split-plot design with three replications in Vertisols. The experimental material was planted in three treatments viz., T1 [75 x 30 cm + 100 kg DAP (basal) + no protective irrigation]; T2 [75 x 60 cm + 50 N:100 P2O5 kg ha-1 (split application: 50% as basal and 50% at 60 days) + two protective irrigations (during mid-flowering and mid-pod development stage)]; and T3 [150 x 30 cm + 50 N:100 P2O5 kg ha-1 (split application: 50% as basal and 50% at 60 days) + two protective irrigations (mid-flowering and mid-pod development stage)]. The results indicated that significantly higher seed yield, biomass and harvest index was recorded in T2 at 3923.9 kg ha-1, 8816.6 kg ha-1 and 30.8%, respectively as compared to T3 (3262.5 kg ha-1, 7670.1 kg ha-1 and 29.8%, respectively) and T1 (2932.3 kg ha-1, 7633.3 kg ha-1 and 27.8%, respectively). Genotype × environment interaction indicated that over the two locations in two years, hybrids recorded higher seed yield as compared to pure-line varieties. However, G3T2 [ICPH 3762 + (75 x 60 cm + 50 kg N:100 P2O5 kg ha-1 (split application at 50% as basal and 50% at 60 days after sowing) + two irrigations (during mid-flowering and mid-pod development stage)] recorded the highest seed yield (4153.6 kg ha-1). Number of pods plant-1 and biomass weight (kg ha-1) showed significant variation in the interaction of environment × genotype × treatment (EGT). E1G3T3 recorded significantly higher number of pods plant-1 (1181.9) followed by E1G3T2 (1026.1) which significantly converted into higher seed yield plant-1 (237.1 g & 240.1 g respectively) while E2G2T2 exhibited significantly greater biomass (11977.9 kg ha-1). Among all the genotypes tested, Hybrid ICPH 3762 recorded highest number of pods plant-1 in T3 in almost all environments

Integrated cultural management on the yield and yield traits of pigeonpea hybrids and varieties

Six pigeonpea genotypes of medium duration hybrids (ICPH 2671, ICPH 2740 and ICPH 3762) and varieties (BDN 711, BSMR 736 and Asha) were evaluated applying different integrated agronomic approaches for the various yield and yield traits of pigeonpea at Vansantrao Naik Marathwada Krishi Vidyapeeth (VNMKV), Parbhani, Maharashtra in k 2011 and 2012. The findings indicated that among the three treatments, T recorded the highest seed yield of 4378.87 kg/ha as compared to T (3530.71 kg/ha) and T (3151.79 kg/ha). Of the six genotypes, ICPH 3762 produced the highest number of pod clusters (394.6), number of pods (725.91) and seed yield/plant (171.98 g) which translated to total seed yield of 3931.51 kg/ha.The effect of genotype × treatment interaction showed that ICPH 3762 withT recorded higher number of pod clusters (514.07), more pods (830.13) and better yield/plant (198.47 g) which tantamount to higher seed yield of 4566.67 kg/ha. The resultsindicated that following spacing of 75cmx60cm along with fertilizer rate of 50kg N:100P O kg/ha insplitapplication at 50% as basal and 50% at 60 days after sowing including two protective irrigations (at mid-flowering and mid-pod developmentstage)significantly increases total seed yield(kg/ha)

Development of core collections in soybean on the basis of seed size

Core collections display a large fraction of the diversity contained in large collections in smaller germplasm panels. We used historical data (1973–2015) collected at the World Vegetable Center, Taiwan, for developing soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) core collections representing the diversity of the whole collection of 7853 accessions held by the Center. The collection was split into two groups on the basis of the 100 seed weight: large seeded (>25 g or equal to 25 g) and small seeded (<25 g). The large-seeded group (vegetable soybean/edamame) comprised 456 accessions, while the small-seeded group contained 7397 accessions. Within these two groups, we developed core collections based on seven quantitative and 14 qualitative traits collected during the autumn season, resulting in a core collection of 112 large-seeded vegetable soybean accessions and 1480 accessions for the small-seeded types

Self-assembled hydrogel fibers for sensing the multi-compartment intracellular milieu

Targeted delivery of drugs and sensors into cells is an attractive technology with both medical and scientific applications. Existing delivery vehicles are generally limited by the complexity of their design, dependence on active transport, and inability to function within cellular compartments. Here, we developed self-assembled nanofibrous hydrogel fibers using a biologically inert, low-molecular-weight amphiphile. Self-assembled nanofibrous hydrogels offer unique physical/mechanical properties and can easily be loaded with a diverse range of payloads. Unlike commercially available E. coli membrane particles covalently bound to the pH reporting dye pHrodo, pHrodo encapsulated in self-assembled hydrogel-fibers internalizes into macrophages at both physiologic (37°C) and sub-physiologic (4°C) temperatures through an energy-independent, passive process. Unlike dye alone or pHrodo complexed to E. coli, pHrodo-SAFs report pH in both the cytoplasm and phagosomes, as well the nucleus. This new class of materials should be useful for next-generation sensing of the intracellular milieu

Unravelling the secret of seedbased gels in water: the nanoscale 3D network formation

Chia (Salvia hispanica) and basil (Ocimum basilicum) seeds have the intrinsic ability to form a hydrogel concomitant with moisture-retention, slow releasing capability and proposed health benefits such as curbing diabetes and obesity by delaying digestion process. However, the underlying mode of gelation at nanoscopic level is not clearly explained or explored. The present study elucidates and corroborates the hypothesis that the gelling behavior of such seeds is due to their nanoscale 3D-network formation. The preliminary study revealed the influence of several conditions like polarity, pH and hydrophilicity/ hydrophobicity on fiber extrusion from the seeds which leads to gelation. Optical microscopic analysis clearly demonstrated bundles of fibers emanating from the seed coat while in contact with water, and live growth of fibers to form 3D network. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) studies confirmed 3D network formation with fiber diameters ranging from 20 to 50 nm

Physico-chemical, microbial and phytotoxicity evaluation of composts from sorghum, finger millet and soybean straws

Purpose Composting is an environmentally sustainable alternative for bioconversion of agricultural residues into a nutrient-rich product that can enhance soil fertility/microbial diversity and thereby improve agricultural productivity. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the decomposition pattern of the agro-residues and assess the maturity and phytotoxicity of the composts obtained using physico-chemical, microbial and statistical analyses. The study also attempted to determine a threshold germination index (GI) to serve as a maturity index for the composts by conducting seed germination assays with tomato, chickpea and soybean seeds. Methods Three agricultural residues/straws of Eleusine coracana (finger millet), Sorghum bicolor (sorghum) and Glycine max (soybean) were subjected to aerobic composting for a period of 60 days to study the impact of saw dust on the decomposition pattern and the ultimate compost quality/characteristics. Results The results showed efficient decomposition pattern of the agricultural residues characterized by high temperature profiles (up to 70 °C), high microbial activity, a sharp decrease in C/N ratio of the composting materials, i.e., from an initial 41–61 to final 10–17. Conclusions Statistical evaluation of seed germination assays showed that only the compost obtained from sorghum straw + saw dust was mature and free from any phytotoxicity as all the tested seeds showed higher and statistically significant GIs. It was difficult to attribute a single threshold GI value to indicate maturity of compost and could not further be applied to different types of composts as different seeds responded differently to the same compost