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Effects of copper and zinc on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage.
Co-Cultures of porcine articular cartilage and synovium or synovial conditioned medium were used as an in vitro model to mimic inflammatory events at the cartilage/synovial junction in degenerative joint disease. This model provides a useful tool to assess the anti-inflammatory and antiarthritic properties of pharmacological agents. In this study the effects of copper and zinc on (i) PG synthesis by cartilage and (ii) synovial-induced PG depletion have been investigated. Copper sulphate at a concentration of 0.01 mM did not stimulate PG synthesis significantly in cultured cartilage explants but completely abrogated the inhibitory effects of synovial tissue in co-culture experiments. This finding was supported by the histological demonstration of copper-dependent reversal of the PG depletion in cartilage exposed to synovial conditioned medium. Zinc sulphate at 0.01 mM had no effect on PG synthesis and was unable to protect cartilage against synovialinduced PG depletion. These results reveal possible mechanisms by which copper exerts its anti-inflammatory and anti-arthritic actions.Peer Reviewe
Development of a Core Outcome Set for effectiveness trials aimed at optimising prescribing in older adults in care homes
Background: Prescribing medicines for older adults in care homes is known to be sub-optimal. Whilst trials testing interventions to optimise prescribing in this setting have been published, heterogeneity in outcome reporting has hindered comparison of interventions, thus limiting evidence synthesis. The aim of this study was to develop a core outcome set (COS), a list of outcomes which should be measured and reported, as a minimum, for all effectiveness trials involving optimising prescribing in care homes. The COS was developed as part of the Care Homes Independent Pharmacist Prescribing Study (CHIPPS). Methods: A long-list of outcomes was identified through a review of published literature and stakeholder input. Outcomes were reviewed and refined prior to entering a two-round online Delphi exercise and then distributed via a web link to the CHIPPS Management Team, a multidisciplinary team including pharmacists, doctors and Patient Public Involvement representatives (amongst others), who comprised the Delphi panel. The Delphi panellists (nâ=â19) rated the importance of outcomes on a 9-point Likert scale from 1 (not important) to 9 (critically important). Consensus for an outcome being included in the COS was defined as â„70% participants scoring 7â9 and <15% scoring 1â3. Exclusion was defined as â„70% scoring 1â3 and <15% 7â9. Individual and group scores were fed back to participants alongside the second questionnaire round, which included outcomes for which no consensus had been achieved. Results: A long-list of 63 potential outcomes was identified. Refinement of this long-list of outcomes resulted in 29 outcomes, which were included in the Delphi questionnaire (round 1). Following both rounds of the Delphi exercise, 13 outcomes (organised into seven overarching domains: medication appropriateness, adverse drug events, prescribing errors, falls, quality of life, all-cause mortality and admissions to hospital (and associated costs)) met the criteria for inclusion in the final COS. Conclusions: We have developed a COS for effectiveness trials aimed at optimising prescribing in older adults in care homes using robust methodology. Widespread adoption of this COS will facilitate evidence synthesis between trials. Future work should focus on evaluating appropriate tools for these key outcomes to further reduce heterogeneity in outcome measurement in this context
Focus Farmacovigilanza: il nuovo sistema di informazione dei centri regionali di Farmacovigilanza
L'abstract presenta Focus Farmacovigilanza, il bollettino interregionale di Farmacovigilanza
Anti-inflammatory activity of monomethoxypolyethylene glycol superoxide dismutase on adjuvant arthritis in rats.
In previous studies we observed an enhanced anti-inflammatoryactivity of MPEG-SOD derivatives in acute inflammation in rat.
To assess the activity in chronic inflammation we tested the compound with longer half-life (MPEG-SOD 18) in complete adjuvantarthritis in rat. According to the prophylactic schedule of treatment (i.m. administration at alternative days of 10 mg/kg from day 3 to day 21), the MPEG-SOD derivative reduced arthritic lesions in a significant way (P<0.01 at 14th, 21st, 28th day).
Indomethacin, administered i.m. daily at the dose of 1.5 mg/kg according to the same schedule, significantly inhibited adjuvantarthritis each time it was considered (% of inhibition are 66.5% at 14th day, 58.3% at 21st day and 50.8% at 28th day).
Native SOD and inactivated enzyme, administered from day 3 to day 21 did not show any anti-inflammatory properties.
According to the therapeutic schedule of treatment (from day 14 to day 28), neither MPEG-SOD nor native SOD showed antiarthritic activit