Outbreak of dermatofilosis in calves

La Dermatofilosis es una enfermedad aguda o crónica de la epidermis, caracterizada por lesiones inflamatorias, exudativas, sangrantes con formación de costras, causada por una bacteria, Dermathophilus congolensis. Afecta a bovinos, ovinos, equinos, caprinos, animales salvajes y al hombre considerandose una zoonosis menor. El presente trabajo comunica un brote causado por Dermathophilus congolensis en terneros de tambo. Los animales afectados presentaban lesiones en piel, no pruriginosas, estas eran al comienzo sangrantes y dolorosas, terminando en costras las cuales se desprendían junto a los pelos quedando una superficie lisa alopécica. Las lesiones comenzaron en la cara y continuaron por el lomo y miembros posteriores. Se remitieron al laboratorio costras y exudados. Las muestras se procesaron para diagnóstico de dermatofitos y dermatofilosis. Los resultados dieron negativos para dermatofitos y positivos para Dermatophilus congolensis. En base a la sintomatología clínica y a los hallazgos de laboratorio se llegó al diagnóstico de Dermatophilus congolensis.Dermatophylosis is an acute or chronic epidermal disease, characterized by inflammation, exudation, bleeding injuries with scab formation, caused by a bacterium: Dermathophilus congolensis. The disease it causes is consider a minor zoonosis which affects bovines, ovines, equines, goats, wild animals and human beings. This work informs a bud, in a bull calves inn, caused by Dermathophilus congolensis. The affected animals displayed skin non itching injuries which were firstly bleeding and painful, and then scabby, the scabs were given off with hairs to render alopecia. The injuries began in the face and continued in the back and limbs. Scabs and exudates were sent to the laboratory. The samples were processed for diagnosis of dermatophytes and dermatophylosis. The results were negative for dermatophytes and positve for Dermatophilus congolensis. On the basis of the clinical sintomatology and the laboratory findings the diagnosis of Dermatophilus congoliensis came up.Facultad de Ciencias Veterinaria

Comparison of Pittsburgh compound B and florbetapir in cross-sectional and longitudinal studies.

IntroductionQuantitative in vivo measurement of brain amyloid burden is important for both research and clinical purposes. However, the existence of multiple imaging tracers presents challenges to the interpretation of such measurements. This study presents a direct comparison of Pittsburgh compound B-based and florbetapir-based amyloid imaging in the same participants from two independent cohorts using a crossover design.MethodsPittsburgh compound B and florbetapir amyloid PET imaging data from three different cohorts were analyzed using previously established pipelines to obtain global amyloid burden measurements. These measurements were converted to the Centiloid scale to allow fair comparison between the two tracers. The mean and inter-individual variability of the two tracers were compared using multivariate linear models both cross-sectionally and longitudinally.ResultsGlobal amyloid burden measured using the two tracers were strongly correlated in both cohorts. However, higher variability was observed when florbetapir was used as the imaging tracer. The variability may be partially caused by white matter signal as partial volume correction reduces the variability and improves the correlations between the two tracers. Amyloid burden measured using both tracers was found to be in association with clinical and psychometric measurements. Longitudinal comparison of the two tracers was also performed in similar but separate cohorts whose baseline amyloid load was considered elevated (i.e., amyloid positive). No significant difference was detected in the average annualized rate of change measurements made with these two tracers.DiscussionAlthough the amyloid burden measurements were quite similar using these two tracers as expected, difference was observable even after conversion into the Centiloid scale. Further investigation is warranted to identify optimal strategies to harmonize amyloid imaging data acquired using different tracers

Pairing in nuclear systems: from neutron stars to finite nuclei

We discuss several pairing-related phenomena in nuclear systems, ranging from superfluidity in neutron stars to the gradual breaking of pairs in finite nuclei. We focus on the links between many-body pairing as it evolves from the underlying nucleon-nucleon interaction and the eventual experimental and theoretical manifestations of superfluidity in infinite nuclear matter and of pairing in finite nuclei. We analyse the nature of pair correlations in nuclei and their potential impact on nuclear structure experiments. We also describe recent experimental evidence that points to a relation between pairing and phase transitions (or transformations) in finite nuclear systems. Finally, we discuss recent investigations of ground-state properties of random two-body interactions where pairing plays little role although the interactions yield interesting nuclear properties such as 0+ ground states in even-even nuclei.Comment: 74 pages, 33 figs, uses revtex4. Submitted to Reviews of Modern Physic

Seroprevalence of and risk factors for HIV‐1 infection among female commercial sex workers in South America

Objective: Assessment of HIV prevalence and associated risk behaviours among female commercial sex workers (FCSW) across major cities in South America. Methods: Seroepidemiological, cross sectional studies of 13 600 FCSW were conducted in nine countries of South America during the years 1999-2002. Participants were recruited in brothels, massage parlours, hotels, and streets where anonymous questionnaires and blood samples were collected. HIV infection was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening and western blot confirmatory tests. Results: The overall HIV seroprevalence was 1.2% (range 0.0%-4.5%). The highest HIV seroprevalences were reported in Argentina (4.5%) and Paraguay (2.6%); no HIV infected FCSW were detected in Venezuela and Chile. Consistent predictors of HIV seropositivity were: (1) a previous history of sexually transmitted infections (STI, AORs = 3.8-8.3), and (2) 10 years or more in commercial sex work (AORs = 2.2-24.8). In addition, multiple (≥3) sexual contacts (AOR = 5.0), sex with foreigners (AOR = 6.9), use of illegal drugs (AOR = 3.2), and marijuana use (AOR = 8.2) were associated with HIV seropositivity in Southern Cone countries. Conclusions: Consistently low HIV seroprevalences were detected among FCSW in South America, particularly in the Andean region. Predictors of HIV infection across the continent were STI and length of commercial sex work; however, use of illegal drugs, especially marijuana, and sexual contacts with foreigners were also found to be associated risk factors in the Southern Cone region. Interventions for the control of HIV and other STI need to be region and country specific; drug use appears to have an ever increasing role in the spread of HIV among heterosexually active populations.Fil: Bautista, Christian T.. Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research; Estados UnidosFil: Sanchez, J. L.. Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research; Estados UnidosFil: Montano, S. M.. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6; PerúFil: Laguna Torres, A.. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6; PerúFil: Suarez, L.. Dirección General de Epidemiología; PerúFil: Sanchez, J.. Asociación Civil Impacta Salud y Educación; PerúFil: Campos, P.. Ministerio de Salud, Lima; PerúFil: Gallardo, C.. Fundacion Esperanza; EcuadorFil: Mosquera, C.. Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública E Investigación Leopoldo Izquieta Pérez; EcuadorFil: Villafane, M.. Ministerio de Salud Pública; ParaguayFil: Aguayo, N.. Ministerio de Salud Pública; ParaguayFil: Ávila, María Mercedes. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Centro Nacional de Referencia para el Sida; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; ArgentinaFil: Weissenbacher, Mercedes Crecencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Houssay; Argentina. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Medicina. Departamento de Microbiología. Centro Nacional de Referencia para el Sida; ArgentinaFil: Ramirez, E.. Instituto de Salud Publica de Chile; ChileFil: Child, R.. Comisión Nacional de Acreditación; ChileFil: Serra, M.. Ministerio de Salud; UruguayFil: Aponte, C.. Instituto Nacional de Higiene Rafael Rangel; VenezuelaFil: Mejia, A.. Instituto Nacional de Salud; ColombiaFil: Velazques, N.. Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales; BoliviaFil: Gianella, A.. Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales; BoliviaFil: Perez, J.. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6; PerúFil: Olson, J. G.. Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6; PerúFil: Carr, J. K.. Walter Reed Army Institute Of Research; Estados Unido