PRIMER REGISTRO DE LA MOSCA BLANCA DE LOS CEREALES ALEUROCYBOTUS OCCIDUUS RUSSELL (HEMIPTERA: ALEYRODIDAE) Y SU IMPACTO POTENCIAL COMO PLAGA DE GRAMINEAS EN EL NORTE DE SINALOA

Aleurocybotus occiduus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) was identified from specimens collected at Guasave, Sinaloa State, Mexico. Ten plant species, all among Poaceae and Cyperaceae, were identified as hosts of this insect at Guasave fields. However, A. occiduus was able to complete its life cycle only in eight of those hosts, six wild and two domesticated species. The aleyrodid was collected from sites close to cities Los Mochis and Guasave, Sinaloa, nevertheless it seems that it is not causing important damages to the cultivated plants in that region, the parasitoids Encarsia spp. and Eretmocerus spp.(Aphelinidae) that have been recovered from A. occiduus samples might have something to do with. This constitutes the first record of this species at Sinaloa state, and more attention should be given to this insect because the potential risk for attacking cereals in that regionSe identifica la mosca blanca de los cereales Aleurocybotus occiduus Russell (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) a partir de especímenes procedentes de Guasave, Sinaloa, México. Se identificaron 10 especies vegetales, entre poáceas y ciperáceas, como hospederas de A. occiduus. Sin embargo, sólo en ocho de ellas (seis silvestres y dos cultivadas) completa su ciclo de vida. Este aleiródido se colectó en todos los sitios cercanos a las ciudades de Los Mochis y Guasave, Sinaloa; no obstante, hasta ahora no ha ocasionado daños importantes a los cultivos debido en parte a la presencia de parasitoides Encarsia spp. y Eretmocerus spp. (Aphelinidae) obtenidos en muestras de A. occiduus. Este es el primer registro de la especie en el estado de Sinaloa, por lo que mas atención debe darse a este insecto debido al riesgo potencial que tiene para atacar cereales en la región

Agroecological Management of Stem Borers for Healthy Seed Production in Sugarcane

Sugarcane and interspecific hybrids are the main source of raw sugar in the globe. This plant is cultivated on more than 20 million hectares in more than 100 countries such as in South America, the United States, Australia, South Africa, Southeast and Southwest Asia, and overseas territories of Europe. Sugarcane has also been considered as eco-friendly source of energy in the form of bioethanol as energy cane. Sugarcane is vulnerable to biotic and abiotic stressors which increase the cost of production. Moth stem borers are the main entomological problems in all sugarcane-producing countries except Australia. The larval stage of stem borers feeds directly on the vegetative tissues that store sucrose and therefore directly reduces yield, but larval feeding also provides sites for the introduction of disease organisms. Both forms of damage can drastically affect yield and quality. Tunneling into stalks leads to reduced growth, weakening the stalks and resulting to stalk breakage. When severely damaged, stalks may rot, apical dominance can be lost resulting in the formation of side shoots, and late tillering may occur. Efficient management of moth stem borers through agroecological pest management programs is multi-tactic and requires that several ecologically sound control methods be used. We proposed the wide range of management strategies of stem borers based on agroecological practices.Fil: Nipkay, Amin. No especifíca;Fil: Vejar Cota, Guadalupe. No especifíca;Fil: Budeguer, Florencia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Qin, Zhen Qiang. No especifíca;Fil: Perera, María Francisca. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tucumán. Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino. Provincia de Tucumán. Ministerio de Desarrollo Productivo. Estación Experimental Agroindustrial "Obispo Colombres" (p). Instituto de Tecnología Agroindustrial del Noroeste Argentino; ArgentinaFil: Goebel, Francois Regis. No especifíca

Macromorfología y crecimiento radial de cepas de hongos entomopatógenos suplementado con polvo de lepidópteros

The macromorphology of Beauveria bassiana (B1), Metarhizium anisopliae (M1) and Isaria javanica (HPI-210) strains was studied, as well as its radial growth at temperatures of 25, 28, 30, 35 and 40 °C in PDA medium supplemented with powder of Diatraea considerata, Spodoptera frugiperda and Galleria mellonella. The fungi were inoculated by adding 2 µl of a suspension with 1 x 107 spores/ml. Afterwards the radial strains growth in mm/d was measured during 15 d. To determine the interaction between the three strains, the three lepidopteran powders, control PDA and the five temperatures, a factorial analysis 3 x 4 x 5 was used; fungi growth data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. The macromorphological characteristics of each species were studied, finding significant statistical differences in the growth at different temperatures, with respect to the control. The optimal growth for the three fungi was at 28 °C. Strain B1 supplemented with D. considerata powder grew 2.76 ± 0.06 mm/d, M1, G. mellonella 2.77 ± 0.02 mm/d and M1 HPI-210 D. considerata 3.27 ± 0.06 mm/d. Strains B1 grew 0.45 ± 0.03 mm/d and M1 1.22 ± 0.03 at 30 °C, while HPI-210 did not grow after 28 °C. These results suggested that the strains were induced by medium contained insect supplementation; at 28 °C, HPI-210 obtained the best growth/d (F = 25.24, E8, P = 0.0001), followed by M1 and B1, while M1 supplemented with S. frugiperda grew best at 30 °C (F = 38.33, E8, P = 0.0001). These results of radial growth, macromorphology and tolerance of strains at temperature, allow the selection of the best strains to assess its virulence in insect pests.Se estudió la macromorfología de cepas de Beauveria bassiana (B1), Metarhizium anisopliae (M1) e Isaria javanica (HPI-210) y se determinó su crecimiento radial a temperaturas de 25, 28, 30, 35 y 40 °C en medio PDA suplementado con polvos de Diatraea considerata, Spodoptera frugiperda y Galleria mellonella. Los hongos se inocularon adicionando 2 µl de una suspensión con 1 x 107 esporas/ml. Después de 15 días se midió el crecimiento radial de las cepas en mm/d. Para determinar la interacción entre las tres cepas con el polvo de los tres insectos más el control PDA y las cinco temperaturas, se usó un análisis factorial 3 x 4 x 5; los datos del crecimiento de los hongos fueron analizados mediante un ANOVA y una prueba de Tukey. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticas significativas en el crecimiento a diferente temperatura, respecto al control; el crecimiento óptimo en los tres hongos fue a 28 °C, la cepa B1 suplementada con polvo de D. considerata creció 2,76 ± 0,06 mm/d, M1 con G. mellonella 2,77 ± 0,02 mm/d, y HPI-210 con D. considerata 3,27 ± 0,06 mm/d. La cepa B1 creció 0,45 ± 0,03 mm/d, M1 1,22 ± 0,0 mm/d a 30 °C, mientras que HPI-210 no creció después de 28 °C. Estos resultados sugieren que las tres cepas fueron inducidas a crecer mejor por efecto de los medios suplementados con los insectos; a 28 °C, HPI-210 presentó el mayor crecimiento/d (F = 25,24, E8, P = 0,0001) seguido de M1 y B1, mientras que M1 con suplemento de S. frugiperda creció mejor a 30 °C (F = 38,33, E8, P = 0,0001). Estos resultados de crecimiento radial, desarrollo macromorfológico y tolerancia a la temperatura permiten seleccionar a las mejores cepas para evaluar su virulencia en insectos plaga

Macromorphology and radial growth of entomopathogenic fungi strains suplement with lepidoteran poder.

The macromorphology of Beauveria bassiana (B1), Metarhizium anisopliae (M1) and Isaria javanica (HPI-210) strains was studied, as well as its radial growth at temperatures of 25, 28, 30, 35 and 40 °C in PDA medium supplemented with powder of Diatraea considerata, Spodoptera frugiperda and Galleria mellonella. The fungi were inoculated by adding 2 µl of a suspension with 1 x 107 spores/ml. Afterwards the radial strains growth in mm/d was measured during 15 d. To determine the interaction between the three strains, the three lepidopteran powders, control PDA and the five temperatures, a factorial analysis 3 x 4 x 5 was used; fungi growth data was analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test. The macromorphological characteristics of each species were studied, finding significant statistical differences in the growth at different temperatures, with respect to the control. The optimal growth for the three fungi was at 28 °C. Strain B1 supplemented with D. considerata powder grew 2.76 ± 0.06 mm/d, M1, G. mellonella 2.77 ± 0.02 mm/d and M1 HPI-210 D. considerata 3.27 ± 0.06 mm/d. Strains B1 grew 0.45 ± 0.03 mm/d and M1 1.22 ± 0.03 at 30 °C, while HPI-210 did not grow after 28 °C. These results suggested that the strains were induced by medium contained insect supplementation; at 28 °C, HPI-210 obtained the best growth/d (F = 25.24, E8, P = 0.0001), followed by M1 and B1, while M1 supplemented with S. frugiperda grew best at 30 °C (F = 38.33, E8, P = 0.0001). These results of radial growth, macromorphology and tolerance of strains at temperature, allow the selection of the best strains to assess its virulence in insect pests

Tecnologías de Granos y Semillas

En Sinaloa la actividad agrícola genera alrededor de 5.5 millones de toneladas de granos almacenados (maíz, frijol, trigo, sorgo y garbanzo), los cuales son distribuidos en 250 centros de acopio tecnificados, además de un buen número de silos y bodegas rústicas. En estos lugares, los gorgojos de los graneros, palomilla del trigo, barrenadores de granos, y gorgojos del frijol, así como los contaminantes biológicos están aumentado cada año, por las condiciones de alta temperatura y humedad atribuibles al cambio climático, causando del 3 al 12% de daños en los granos almacenados, lo que se traduce en importantes pérdidas económicas. En esta obra se proporciona información sobre estas plagas, así como alternativas de control de estos agentes utilizando bioinsecticidas y productos biorracionales, dentro de un esquema de manejo sustentable, normatividad e inocuidad alimentaría, que será de utilidad a investigadores, técnicos, productores y estudiantes que trabajan en esta área